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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第,13,14,周作文讲评,从上次课起,我们开始练习典型应用文的写作。我们先回顾一下上次作文的,directions,:,You were shopping the other day in a well-known department store and bought a new TV set.When you had it at home you found it didnt work.But the shop assistant you called refused to change you a new set.Write a,letter,to the store manager,complaining about the ill treatment you receive and asking for a refund and proper apology.,这篇作文要求大家写一封投诉信。下面我们复习一下英文书信的,分类,、,组成部分,和,格式要求,。,书信分私人书信,(personal letter),和事务书信,(business letter),。,私人书信,是亲朋好友之间往来的书信,格式和语气比较随便。,事务书信,一般谈论或处理重要事务,可能是推荐信、谋职信、入学申请书、邀请信、或询问、答复某事、反映意见等等的信件,要求格式规范,语气正式、有礼貌,用词准确、行文简洁、明白。,CET4,的应用文中常考类型是事务书信。,本次作文的内容是顾客向商店经理反映自己购物过程中受到营业员恶劣对待,要求退款、道歉,属于事务书信的范畴。,英文书信的组成和格式,英文书信的组成部分有:,发信人的地址和写信日期,、,收信人的姓名和地址,、,对收信人的称呼,、,书信正文,、,结尾套语,和署名。,每个部分之间空一行。书信的段落排列可用缩进式或齐头式。,英文书信的组成和格式:发信人地址,发信人的地址和写信日期,写在书信第一页的右上角(缩进式书信)或左上角(齐头式书信)。在电脑普及的今天,齐头式更为常见,因为这样输入较为方便。,地址从小到大、分行书写。一般先写门牌号和街道名(或机构名称,先写部门名称,再写机构全称),换行写城镇名、州,(,省,),名和邮政编码。如果信是寄到国外,还要写上国名。,写信日期可以按照美式的“月、日、年”或欧式的“日月年”的顺序写。如:,8008,Montclaire,Cove,(发信人地址:门牌号、街名),Austin,Texas 78721,(发信人地址:城镇名、州名、邮政编码),January 24,2005,(写信日期),应试作文中可以省略发信人地址;但写信日期通常不省,,而且与中文书信中位置不同,。中文书信中日期写在正文下方,署名的下一行,而英文书信中写在正文的左上方或右上方。如果不写日期,虽然不规范,但也可以接受;,但如果写成了中文格式,那就是个错误,将影响得分!,英文书信的组成和格式:收信人姓名、地址,事务书信中要写清收信人的姓名和地址,写在写信日期和对收信人称呼之间,从左边顶格写。如:,Professor Wang,Yiming,Department of English,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing,10081,Peoples Republic of China,在实际应用中,收信人的姓名和地址这部分通常写在信封上,因此在信件正文部分一般都省略。,应试作文中这部分也可省略。,英文书信的组成和格式:称呼,对收信人的称呼写在收信人地址和书信正文之间,从左边顶格写。称呼后英国人多用逗号,美国人多用冒号。,私人书信中通常直呼收信人的名字。事务书信中则要写收信人的姓氏或姓名全称。男士的姓名前要加,Mr.,;未婚女性加,Miss,,已婚女性的姓氏前加,Mrs.,,婚姻状况不详的女性姓氏前加,Ms.,。有职业头衔的也可以加在姓氏前,如冠以,Prof.,、,Dr.,等。大部分信件在称呼前加,Dear,,这个字并不像中文的“亲爱的”那么亲密。很熟的朋友间有时也可不用这个词。如:,Dear Mr.Lee:,Dear Ms.Richards:,Dear Prof.Smith,Dear Dr.Stein,Dear Mom,Dear Jack,Cathy,英文书信的组成和格式:称呼,如果信是写给某个机构的,或收信人姓名不详,可称呼为:,Dear Sir:,Dear Madam:,Dear Sir or Madam:,(如果不知收信人的性别),To whom it may concern,:,(仅用于推荐信、证明书、鉴定书等),Dear colleague:,(用来称呼发信人的同事,通常此信供多人传阅),上次的作文中,信是写给商店经理的,应该称呼他,/,她为:,Dear Manager:,Dear Sir or Madam:,有些同学作文中缺少对收信人的称呼,这不符合格式要求。,英文书信的组成和格式:正文,正文是书信的主体。各段可一律从左边顶格写(齐头式书信)或每段等距缩进,4,个字符(缩进式书信)。齐头式段落之间一定要空一行,缩进式通常不空。这样做是为了让段落划分清楚,在应试作文中尤其不可忽视。因为清楚明白的格式和书写,使卷面整齐美观。就像美观的商品包装,常能收到事半功倍之效。反之,有很好的商品,却没有合适的包装,常常难以吸引顾客。你的辛苦得不到适当的回报。,事务书信常开门见山,以写信目的开头,常用句型有:,Im writing(on behalf of.)to.,Im writing to you in the hope that.,I should be very grateful if you could.,Im sorry to bother you,but.,投诉信正文的开头可以写:,Im writing to complain about an unhappy experience in your store.,Im sorry to bother you,but I have to tell you about my unhappy experience.,英文书信的组成和格式:正文,书信正文的末尾常常表达对收信人的问候和对回信的期待。一般书信常用的句型有:,Best wishes to you.,With my best wishes.,事务性书信则常可这样写:,Im looking forward to your early reply.,Im looking forward to hearing from you.,上次作文中,投诉信的正文末尾可以写:,Im looking forward to your reply soon.,Thank you for an early reply,Ill be very grateful if you can help me.,有同学以,“,Thats all.”,结束书信正文,极不妥当。那是口语常用语。一般不用于书面语言中,尤其不用于投诉信等正式信函中。,英文书信的组成和格式:结尾套语和署名,结尾套语写在正文右下方(缩进式书信)或左下方(齐头式书信)。事务书信中常用的结尾套语有:,Yours truly,,,Sincerely yours,,,Yours sincerely,,,Sincerely,等。私人书信中也可根据自己和收信人的关系亲疏程度,选用,Yours,,,Love,,,With love,,,As ever,,,Fondly,,,Affectionately,等。结尾套语后加逗号。,署名写在结尾套语下方,与结尾套语对齐。私人书信中,可根据自己与收信人关系的亲疏程度,署全名或只写名不写姓。如:,Sincerely yours,Tom White,Yours truly,George Lee,Yours,Gretel,With Love,Hans,英文书信的组成和格式:结尾套语和署名,上次作文中不少同学的署名是:,A customer,,,A customer of yours,,,An angry customer,。这封信的目的是向商店经理投诉,反映具体问题,希望得到合理解决,所以应该写出名字(当然,在应试作文中通常用虚拟名),以便得到回答。如果是向经理提建议,并不一定要求得到回答,则可采取匿名方式。,投诉信是社交信函的重要组成部分。写作投诉信,首要的是将所投诉的事项说明白,将自己的立场表达清楚。在语气上,可以根据对方对自己伤害的性质选择较为和缓,或是比较强硬。但不论是那种情况,都应掌握有理有利有节,柔中带刚,不卑不亢。提出的要求一定要合理。下面是两则实例:,Dear Sirs,I am aware of your reputation for quality products plus reliability:consequently I do not hesitate to write to you.,For the past two years,my two sons,aged eight and ten,have enjoyed your Electronic Hockey Game.The other day,a welded joint,(焊接连件),gave way and rendered the game absolutely useless.It was the joint that connects the side to the top of the game,and without it the playing area is too unstable for the kind of action the game generates.,The purpose of this letter is to ask your permission to send you the set for,rewelding,.,Rainy days become quite dull for them without that game,so I trust I shall hear from you soon.,Very truly yours,Howard Gerber,Dear,Mr,OCallaghan,As you have not replied to my letter of April 22,nd,I am now left with no alternative but to start proceedings,(指法律程序),against you.I intend to claim all the expenses I incurred on your behalf,also for the loss of business and any legal costs.,I hereby inform you that I am lodging a formal complaint with your companys Trade Association,I have no doubt that the matter will be of considerable interest to them.Copies of our correspondence will be sent to a popular motoring magazine.The editor,who is a personal friend,will ensure that the matter will receive maximum publicity.,Yours truly,Bente,Rasmussen,可以看出,第一封信是在投诉产品质量,由于产品已用过一段时间,这封信口气温和,
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