主谓一致语法总结教学课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,主谓一致,Subjectverb Concord/Agreement,主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。主谓一致有三原则：,语法一致,(Grammatical Concord),意义一致,(Notional Concord),就近原则,(Principle of Proximity),1,主谓一致Subjectverb Concord/Agre,1.It is futile to discuss the matter further,because _going to agree upon anything today.,（,2003-50,）,A.neither you nor I are,B.neither you nor me is,C.neither you nor I am,D.neither me nor you are,答案：,C,参考译文：进一步讨论这个事情是无益的，因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致。,原则：就近原则,Principle of Proximity,2,1.It is futile to discuss the,1,）当,there be,句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。,There is,a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.,There are,twenty boy-students,and twenty-three girl-students in the class.,2,）当,or,nor,either or,neither nor,not only but also,连接两个主语时，谓语动 词与最邻近的主语保持一致。,Either you or,she,is to go.,3,1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最,3),在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以,here,there,开头，,be,动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：,There is,a dog,near the door.There were,no schools,in this area before liberation.Here comes,the bus,.On the wall were,two famous paintings,.Here is,Mr.Brown,and his children.,4,3)在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以her,2.Mr.Wells,together with all the members of his family,_ for Europe this afternoon.,A.are to leave B.are leaving,C.is leaving D.leave,答案：,C,参考译文：威尔斯先生,连同所有的家人,今天下午出发去欧洲。,原则：语法一致,Grammatical Concord,5,2.Mr.Wells,together with all,如果主语后跟有,with,together with,along with,but,except,besides,perhaps,like,including,as well as,as much as,no less than,more than,rather than,in addition to,accompanied by,等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：,1,）,His sister,no less than you,is wrong.2,）,The father,rather than the brothers,is responsible for the accident.3,）,He,like you and Xiao Liu,is very diligent.,4,）,Every picture,except these two,has been sold.,5,）,Alice,as well as her friends,was invited to the concert.6,）,Nobody,but Mary and I,was in the classroom at that time.,6,如果主语后跟有with,together with,3.The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.,A.proves B.is proving,C.are proving D.prove,答案：,D,解析：,statistics,在本句中表示“数据统计”而不是“统计学”，因此谓语动词不可用第三人称单数；此外,prove,表示“（已）证明”，不可用现在进行时态，因此，,D,为正确。,原则：意义一致,Notional Concord,7,3.The statistics _ that liv,以”,ics”,结尾表示学科名称的名词做主语，谓语动词多用单数；但如果其表达“学科”以外的其他意义，谓语动词便可用复数。,acoustics,（,声学,;,音响效果,）,athletics,（,体育学,;,体育运动）,economics,（经济学,;,经济意义）,ethics,（伦理学,;,行为准则）,tactics,（兵法,;,策略）,mathematics,（数学,;,运算能力）,optics,（光学,;,光线器件）,physics,（物理学,;,物理现象）,politics,（政治学,;,政治观点）,linguistics,（语言学）,8,以”ics”结尾表示学科名称的名词做主语，谓语动词多用单数；,4,.All the Presidents Men,_one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.,（,2007-52,）,A.remain B.remains,C.remained D.is remaining,答案：,B,参考译文：,惊天大阴谋,是一本重要的书，可供历史学家研究“水门事件”。,解析：,All the Presidents Men,是一个书名，谓语动词用单数，此句在阐述事实，所以用一般现在时态。,9,4.All the Presidents Men _,复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：,1,）,The United States,is in North America.2,）,The United Nations,has passed a resolution,（决议）。,3,）,The Arabian Nights,（,天方夜谭,）,is an interesting book.,4,）,The New York Times,is a good newspaper.,10,复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组,5.The research requires more money than,_.,（,2007-61,）,A.have been put in B.has been put in C.being put in D.to be put in,答案：,B,解析：本句中连词,than,后面省略了主语,it,，此处,it,指代的是前面提到的,money,，因此后面的动词用单数；从语义上来看，这里是比较需要的钱和已经投入的钱，故用现在完成式,has been put in,11,5.The research requires more m,6.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?,（,2012-65,）,A.Poultry are very expensive in the city.,B.New machinery were introduced in the factory.,C.The police are investigating the murder case.,D.The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.,答案：,B,原则：语法一致和意义一致,12,6.Which of the following sente,1).,通常做复数的集体名词，如,police,people,folk,youth,clergy,（教士）,cattle,militia,poultry,（家禽）,vermin,（害虫）等；,以“,ch,、,sh,、,-ese”,等结尾的表示国籍的词，如,The French,The British,The Chinese,等，谓语动词用复数。,The police,have caught the murderer.,The Chinese,are famous for their hospitality.,2).,通常做不可数的集体名词,表示总称，如,machinery,stationery,（文具）,furniture,merchandise,（商品）,foliage,（树和植物叶子的总称），谓语动词用单数。,New machinery,is being installed in the factory.,以集体名词（,Collective Noun),做主语时,:,13,1).通常做复数的集体名词，如police,people,3).,有些集体名词如,family,team,group,class,audience,government,public,（公众）,等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：,My family,is going to have a long journey.,My family,are fond of music.,The class,has won the honor.,The class,were jumping for joy.,4.),如果主语是由“,a committee of/a panel of /a board of+,复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用 单数。,A committee of five men and three women,is to consider the matter.,14,3).有些集体名词如family,team,group,某些固定结构中谓语的数：,a great many+,可数名词复数 谓语用复数,the majority of+,可数名词复数 谓语用复数,a number of+,可数名词复数 谓语用复数,the number of+,可数名词复数 谓语用单数,neither/either of+,可数名词复数 谓语用单数,one and a half+,可数名词复数 谓语用单数,each/every+,可数名词单数 谓语用单数,more than one+,可数名词单数 谓语用单数,many a+,可数名词单数 谓语用单数,the greater part of/a large proportion of/50%of/one third of/plenty of/the rest of,谓语的数与,of,后面的名词一致,Two thirds of the students,are girls in our class.,15,某些固定结构中谓语的数：15,More than one person here _ with the di