全球供应链管理方法

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,#,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片文字樣式,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,#,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,全球供應鏈管理,中華民國八十八年五月六日,1,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,製造業,V.S,.,.,服務業,2,我們有,供,供應鏈,管,管理的,問,問題嗎,？,？,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,3,製造目,標,標與趨,勢,勢的變,遷,遷,成本,品,品質,交,交,期,期,彈,彈性,服,服務,創,創,新,新,全,全球化結果,成本,品,品質,交,交,期,期,彈,彈性,速,速度,創,創,新,新,成本,品,品質,交,交,期,期,服,服務,速,速度,成本,品,品質,彈,彈,性,性,服,服務,成本,交,交期,彈,彈,性,性,品質,交,交期,成本,品,品質,成本,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,顧客迫,使,使製造,商,商供,應,應商生,產,產供,應,應多樣,、,、大量,且,且低成,本,本的一,般,般化商,品,品(Commodity),4,如何建,立,立競爭,優,優勢/,障,障礙(CompetitiveAdvantage,/,/Barrier),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,生產力,優,優勢,(Productivity,Advantage,),),價值優,勢,勢,(Value,Advantage,),),5,產業對,策,策,建立技,術,術優勢,(,(Leading-EdgeTechnologyInnovation,),),成為,快,快速跟,隨,隨者並,建,建立差,異,異化(QuickFollower,(,(TTX)and Differentiation,),),全球供,應,應鏈管,理,理(GlobalSupply Chain Management,),),著重,核,核心競,爭,爭力(FocusonCoreCompetence),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,6,產銷環,境,境之演,進,進,From:”TransformYourSupplyChain,ReleasingValueinBusiness,”,”,JonHughes,Mark Ralf,Et.Bill Michels,7,產銷環,境,境 演,進,進之結,果,果,大量生,產,產(MassProduction),大,大量,客,客製化,生,生產(MassCustomization),多樣少,量,量生產,(,(Job Shop,),),顧客滿,意,意(Customer Satisfaction)以顧客,成,成功為,依,依歸,(,(Customer,Success),供應商,管,管理(SupplierManagement),發,發展供,應,應商合,作,作關係,(,(Supplier,Development),物料,產,產品供,應,應鏈(Material,/,/ProductSupply Chain),知,知,識,識供應,鏈,鏈,(Knowledge Supply)Chain,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,*資訊技,術,術(InformationTechnology;IT)的高速,發,發展是,始,始做俑,者,者。,8,基本製,造,造型態,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,種類(Mix,),),量(Volume),9,大量客,製,製化之效應,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,10,過去,(,(推,Push,),),局部最,佳,佳化(LocalOptimization,),),研發,業,業務,/,/行銷,採,採購,生,生,產,產/製,造,造配,送,送/服,務,務,財,財務,(R&D),(,(Sales,/,/Marketing),(,(Procurement,),),(,(Production),(,(Distribution),(,(Finance),&Service,現在,(,(推,&,&拉,Push,&,&Pull,),),整合且,同,同步化,的,的鏈（Integrated&Synchronized Chain）,產銷模,式,式變遷,(,(I),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,研發,業,業務,/,/行銷,採,採購,生,生,產,產/製,造,造配,送,送/服,務,務,財,財務,(R&D),(,(Sales,/,/Marketing),(,(Procurement,),),(,(Production),(,(Distribution),(,(Finance),&Service,11,供應流,（,（Supply Flow,）,）,產銷模,式,式變遷,(,(II,),),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,需求流,（,（Demand Flow,）,）,JITand QualityMaterialFlow,供應商,(Supplier,),),配銷商,(Distribution),零售商,(Retailer,),),顧客,(Customer,),),Qn-time,AccurateandPaperless Information Flow,過去,現,在,在,供應商,(Supplier,),),配銷商,(Distribution),零售商,(Retailer,),),顧客,(Customer,),),12,產銷模,式,式變遷,（,（）,Emphasize rigourandtoughbarganing.,供應商,顧客,過去：,開,開放競,爭,爭（OpenCompetition,）,）,期望：,從,從供應,商,商上游,到,到顧客,下,下游的,整,整合（From SuppliersSuppliers to CustomersCustomers）,Linkupall theplayers in ahorizontalsupplychain,.,.,Emphasizeseamlessdelivery,optimization andintegration.,許多產,業,業的現,況,況（Dominate or Die）,上游,下游,13,大量客,製,製化的原則,1.,EnrichingCustomers-ProvidingSolutions vs.Products,2.MasteringChangeand Uncertainty（RapidResponse）,3.Leveraging theImpactofPeople andKnowledge,4.CooperatingtoEnhance Competitiveness,-,-Virtual,Organization,Source,:,:TheAgility Forum,14,產業未,來,來趨勢,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,快速,回,回應之,供,供應鏈,體,體系(Responsive SupplyChain),是,是必然,趨,趨勢,15,供應鏈,管,管理的,定,定義,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,Integrate,Synchronized,Lean,and ResponsiveFlowofMaterials,Information,Funds,Processes,Services,and OrganizationsfromSuppliers,SupplierstoCustomers,Customers.,16,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,供應鏈,特,特性（,以,以電子,資,資訊產,業,業為例,）,）,產業特,性,性：,(1),高,高科技,，,，高資,本,本，高,報,報酬，,高,高風險,，,，高度,競,競爭。,(2),產,產品生,命,命週期,短,短，市,場,場變化,大,大，價,格,格變動,快,快。,(3),產,產業族,群,群龐大,，,，供應,鏈,鏈長鞭,效,效應明,顯,顯。,(4),朝,朝開放,及,及市場,標,標準化,發,發展，,品,品牌價,值,值差異,越,越來越,小,小。,(5)IC與PC產,業,業考量,重,重點不,同,同。,17,造成供,應,應鏈管,理,理問題,的,的原因,資訊扭,曲,曲(Information Distortion,),),不同步,的,的通路,(,(AsynchronizedChannel),鏈的複,雜,雜度(ChainComplexity),無效率,的,的作業,(,(InefficientOperations),文化地,區,區之差,異,異(Cultural Problems),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,18,常聽到,與,與績效,管,管理有,關,關的問,題,題,預測不,準,準,MPS變化太,大,大,存貨過,高,高,存貨週,轉,轉率太,低,低,供,供應,鏈,鏈管理,問,問題的,徵,徵兆,顧客服,務,務水準,低,低落,缺料，,不,不預期,換,換線頻,繁,繁,長鞭效,應,應明顯,Keyproblem:前置時,間,間(Leadrime),太,太長,Oneofobvioussolutions:正確且,快,快速回,應,應(Accurate andQuick,Response;AQR),Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,19,快速回,應,應(QR),QR：,以,以資訊,取,取代存,貨,貨:(Thesubstitution of information forinventory,.,.),From:Christopher,AQR,QRwiththeeffective managementofthe supplychain.,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,20,縮短前,置,置時間,的,的重要,性,性,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,21,一些工,業,業界的,做,做法,PostponementfromHP,BTO,(,(Build-To-Order,),)fromDell,CTO,(,(Configure,-,-To,-,-Order,),)from Compaq,98,2days fromIBM,TOM,/,/Virtual Fabfrom TSMC,VMI,/,/CRPfrom3M,P&G,andWal-Mart,Uni,-,-LoadandLocalization fromAcer,ECRfromWal,-,-MartandP&G,ContractManufacturing fromLeo andGVC,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,22,延遲理,論,論(postponement),延遲：,延,延後產,品,品間之,差,差異化,，,，以降,低,低因多,樣,樣性產,生,生之不,良,良,效,效,應,應,兩大手,法,法,運送的,延,延遲（LogisticPostponement,）,）：,Movingcustomizationpointclosertocustomers.,形式的,延,延遲（Form Postponement）,Delayingdifferentiationpointbystandardization,基本對,策,策：DFSCM,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,23,型式的,延,延遲,Lee,Ching-En;NCTU,標準化,/,/模,組,組化前,標準化,/,/模組,化,化後,From:,“,“Designing Products andProcess forPostponement,”,”,Leeand Billington,24,那些製,程,程應由工,廠,廠完成,?,?那些,該,該由物流中,心,心（D,.,.C）,或,或經銷,商,商完成,？,？,如何評,估,估(Justify)?RedesignCosts,Module SafetyStock,FinishedGoodsInventory,WIP,Testing,Freight,Customs,&,&Duties,Fixed