计算机专业英语Unit02_SectionA_Computer_Hardware

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,/29,Computer English (Third Edition),Unit 2,Section A,Computer Hardware,2,/29,Computer Hardware,Introduction,3,/29,Computer Hardware,Introduction,I.Introduction,Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and,consists of,the components that can be physically handled.,The function of these components is,typically,divided into three main,categories:input,output,and storage.Components in these categories connect to microprocessors,specifically,the computer,s central processing unit(CPU),the electronic circuitry,that provides the,computational,ability and control of the computer,via wires or circuitry called a bus,.,I.,引言,计算机硬件是计算机运行所需要的设备，,由,可进行物理处理的元件,组成,。这些元件的功能,一般,分为,3,个主要类别：输入、输出和存储。这些类别的元件与微处理器相连接，特别是与计算机的中央处理器相连接，而后者,是通过被称之为,总线的,线路或电路来提供,计算,能力和对计算机进行控制的,电子电路。,4,/29,Computer Hardware,Introduction,Software,on the other hand,is the set of instructions a computer uses to manipulate data,such as a word-processing program or a,video game,.These programs are usually stored and transferred via the computer,s hardware to and from the CPU.Software also governs how the hardware is utilized;for example,how information is,retrieved,from a storage device.,The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input/Output System(BIOS)software.,另一方面,，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如文字处理程序或者,视频游戏,。这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。软件也控制着硬件如何使用；例如，,如何从存储设备中,检索,信息,。输入与输出硬件的交互作用是由基本输入,/,输出系统（,BIOS,）软件控制的。,5,/29,Computer Hardware,Introduction,Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware,portions of their function are also associated with computer software.Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects,they are therefore often,referred to,as,firmware,.,尽管微处理器在技术上仍被认为是硬件，其部分功能也与计算机软件有关系。既然微处理器同时具有硬件与软件方面的特征，,它们因此经常被,称作,固件,。,6,/29,Computer Hardware,Input Hardware,II.Input Hardware,Input hardware,consists of,external,devices,that is,components outside of the computer,s CPU,that,provide,information,and instructions to the computer.,II.,输入硬件,输入硬件,由,给计算机提供,信息,和指令的外部,设备,亦即计算机中央处理器以外的元件,组成,。,A,light pen,is a,stylus,with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computer,s video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a,clip,in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the surface of the screen.The pen contains light sensors that identify which portion of the screen it is passed over.,光笔,是具有光敏端头的,输入笔,，用来在计算机屏幕上直接写画，或者通过按光笔上的,夹子,或用光笔接触屏幕来在屏幕上选择信息。这种笔含有光传感器，能够识别屏幕上笔经过的部分。,stylus:n.,铁笔,用来刻画、雕刻的细长而尖利的工具；留声机的唱针,tip:n.,尖端，技巧,the of a finger,指尖,s,小贴士，小技巧,Photo of the,Hypertext Editing System,(HES)console in use at,Brown University,circa October 1969.The photo shows HES on an IBM 2250 Mod 4 display station,including lightpen and programmed function keyboard,channel coupled to Browns,IBM 360,mainframe.,7,/29,Computer Hardware,Input Hardware,A mouse is a pointing device designed to be,gripped,by one hand.It has a detection device(usually a ball)on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen,pointer,or,cursor,by moving the mouse on a flat surface.As the device moves across the surface,the cursor moves across the screen.To select items or choose commands on the screen,the user presses a button on the mouse.,鼠标是为一只手,抓握,而设计的指示设备。它在底部有一个检测装置（通常是一个圆球），使用户通过在一个平面上移动鼠标能够控制屏幕上,指针,或,光标,的运动。当鼠标滑过平面的时候，光标随着在屏幕上移动。要在屏幕上选择项目或命令，用户就点击鼠标上的按钮。,Mechanical mouse;,Optical mouse;,Wireless mouse;,Operating an mechanical mouse.,moving the mouse turns the ball.,X and Y rollers grip the ball and transfer movement,Optical encoding disks include light holes.,Infrared LEDs shine through the disks.,Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y vectors.,8,/29,Computer Hardware,Input Hardware,A,joystick,is a pointing device composed of a,lever,that moves in multiple directions to,navigate,a cursor or other,graphical,object on a computer screen.,操纵杆,是由一根,杆子,组成的指示设备，该杆以向多个方向移动来,操纵,计算机屏幕上的光标或者其他,图形,对象。,lever:n.,杆，控制杆,lever principle,杠杆原理,Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.(,给我一个支点，我将撬动地球。,),Video game joystick elements:#1 Stick;#2 Base;#3 Trigger;#4 Extra buttons;#5 Autofire switch;#6 Throttle;#7 Hat Switch(POV Hat);#8 Suction Cup,9,/29,Computer Hardware,Input Hardware,A keyboard is a,typewriter,-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer.Some keyboards have,special function keys or integrated pointing devices,such as a,trackball,or,touch-sensitive,regions that let the user,s finger motions move an on-screen cursor.,键盘是一个像,打字机,的设备，它使用户得以向计算机键入文本和命令。有些键盘有特殊功能键或集成的指示设备，如,轨迹球,或者可以让用户通过手指的移动来移动屏幕上光标的,触敏,区。,10,/29,Computer Hardware,Input Hardware,An optical,scanner,uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic signals that can be manipulated by a computer.For example,a photograph can be scanned into a computer and then included in a text document created on that computer.The tw