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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,C,hapter,Six,Gathering Materials,Everybody is an expert on something,whether it is video games,child care,or backpacking.We often speak best about subjects with which we are familiar.Supplement a topic with the personal touch can really bring your speeches to life.,By thinking over your past experiencesgathering material from yourselfyou can find many supporting details for your speeches.,1.,Using Your Own Knowledge,You will get many of the materials for your speeches from the library.Thus you need to know the basic techniques of doing library research.There are quick,easy,systematic ways to find whatever you need in the library.Ultimately,the only way to become adept at library research is to do itand to do it properly.You have five important resources for finding what you need in the library,:,1.Librarians,Most librarians are friendly men and women who can be of enormous help.,Too often students waste their time wandering aimlessly in search of a source because they are afraid to ask for assistance.They dont want to appear stupid or to“bother”anyone.,Librarians are experts in their own field,trained in library use and research methods.If you have a question,dont hesitate to ask a librarian.She or he can help you find your way,locate sources,even track down a specific piece of information.,2.,Doing Library Research,You will get many of the materials for your speeches from the library.Thus you need to know the basic techniques of doing library research.There are quick,easy,systematic ways to find whatever you need in the library.Ultimately,the only way to become adept at library research is to do itand to do it properly.You have five important resources for finding what you need in the library,:,2.The Catalogue,The catalogue lists all the books,periodicals,and other resources owned by the library.,There are many diifferent computer systems for library catalogues,most allow you to search for books by author,title,or subject.,The computer systems for library catalogues are also set up for keyword searches,which means you can locate a book by typing in a significant word or phrase,even if that word or phrase is not part of the books title.,The catalogue also tells you whether the book you want is available or is already checked out.,2.,Doing Library Research,2.The Catalogue,The key to finding the book on the shelves is the,Call Number,.Once you have the call number,all you have to do is find the right section of the shelves and retrieve your book.,Periodicals are listed in the catalogue by title.Libraries usually have a special room in which they keep the latest issues of magazines and newspapers.,Bound volumes of issues from past years are kept on the book shelves,where they can be located by call number.You may also be able to find the full text of specific articles through the librarys,Periodical Databases.,2.,Doing Library Research,You will get many of the materials for your speeches from the library.Thus you need to know the basic techniques of doing library research.There are quick,easy,systematic ways to find whatever you need in the library.Ultimately,the only way to become adept at library research is to do itand to do it properly.You have five important resources for finding what you need in the library,:,3.Periodical Databases,Periodical databases do for articles in magazines and journals what the catalogue does for books.A periodical database helps you locate specific magazine or journal articles.,Try the subject on which you want information in the databases search box,and citations of articles on your subject will appear on screen.,Depending on the database you are using,you may be able to call up the full text of the articles.,If the full text is not available,you can use the citations to locate the articles you need on the shelves or in the periodicals section of the library.,2.,Doing Library Research,3.Periodical Databases,Most databases also provide an abstract that summarizes the content of each article you access.,Keep in mind,however,that an abstract is only a summary of the article,written by someone other than the original author.,You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.You should always consult the full article.,Each databases has its own methods of finding materials,you should take time before starting your search to click the“Help”,“Tips”,or“Search Guide”button on the databases homepage.This will bring up a screen that explains the procedures for conducting searches at different level of specificitybasic,guided,and advanced.,2.,Doing Library Research,3.Periodical Databases,There are hundreds of databases,covering topics from agriculture to zoology.,The exact databases you can use will depend on what is available in your library.,Databases are divided into 2 groups,(1)General Databases,They cover a wide range of periodicals and subjects.They usually include popular magazines such as Time,Newsweek.Som
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