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代 词,知识梳理,一、代词的分类,代词是用来代替名词的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词或形容词的功能。英语中的代词通常分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词九类。对于前六类代词，小学生应较好地掌握。,二、人称代词,1.,人称代词的构成,2.,人称代词的用法,(1)人称代词的主格:在句子中作主语，也就是该句所描述的状态的呈现者或动作的执行者。在陈述句中，它位于句子的最前面。,如：,I am in the classroom.,She plays the violin very well.,They worked in the factory last year.,(2),人称代词,it,：在英语中，,it,有许多不同的用法，其中一种用法是用作代词，指代前面已经提到过的人、事或物。,如：,Wheres your car?,Its in the garage,（车库）,.,Who is that?Its me.,Whats the weather like in winter in Beijing?,Its snowy and cold.,(3),人称代词的宾格：在句子中作宾语，位于动词或介词之后，是动作的承受者。,如：,Mr Li teaches us English.,The fish in the fridge is for me.,(4),人称代词并列出现的排列顺序：当几个人称代词并列出现的时候，其排列顺序与中文的不同。,单数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时，其顺序为：第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。,如：,You and I can come into the hall now.,My brother and I are going to the cinema this evening.,You and Amy were there at that time.,You,Mike and I rowed a boat on the lake last summer.,The cake is for you and me.,复数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时，其顺序为：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。,如：,We and you are going to plant trees in the nature park.,You and they climbed the highest mountain two years ago.,三、物主代词,1.,物主代词的构成,2.,物主代词的用法,(1),形容词性物主代词放在名词之前，用来修饰名词，这一点与形容词有相似之处，都不能单独使用。,如：,This is my room.,His cousin is in America now.,(2),名词性物主代词可以像名词一样单独使用，其作用相当于“形容词性物主代词,+,名词”。,如：,This room is mine.(mine=my room),His hobby is playing computer games.Its the same as hers.(hers=her hobby),四、反身代词,1.,反身代词的构成,【注】反身代词的构成说明：第一、二人称的单数形式在形容词性物主代词之后加self,复数形式在形容词性物主代词后加selves；第三人称在宾格代词后加self（单数形式）或selves（复数形式）。,2.,反身代词的用法,(1),反身代词常用来加强语气。,如：,The king went to see the girl himself.,I can do it by myself.,(2),反身代词也可以用在动词之后。,如：,David teaches himself Chinese.,She will be herself again in no time.,五、指示代词,1.,指示代词的概念,指示代词表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等含义。指示代词有,this/that/these/those,等。,this,和,that,用于指代名词单数形式；,these,和,those,用于指代名词复数形式。,this,和,these,用于指代空间上较近的事物；,that,和,those,用于指代空间上较远的事物。,如：,This is my book.That book over there is yours.,These are dogs.Those in the tree are cats.,2.,指示代词的用法,(1),指示代词兼具形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的特点，既可以单独使用，也可以在后面加名词。,如：,This is his computer.=This computer is his.,Those peaches are fresh.=Those are fresh peaches.,(2),指示代词在句子中可以都用,the,代替。,如：,I like this new picture.=I like the new picture.,六、不定代词,1.,不定代词的概念,不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，叫作不定代词。不定代词可以分为：,(1),普通不定代词：,some(,一些,),，,any(,任何,),，,no(没有)，every(每个)，each(每个)等。,(2),数量不定代词：,many(,许多,),，,much(,许多,),，,both(两者都)，all(全都)，little(很少)，,a little(,一点儿,),，,few(,很少,),，,a few(,少数几个,),等。,2.,不定代词的用法,(1)some,any,和,no,的用法辨析,some 和,any 都有“一些”的意思，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句中,no,用于肯定句中表达否定的意思。,如：,There are some girls in the room.,There arent any pandas in the mountain.,There is no water in the bottle.,【,注,】,在一些表示建议、请求的疑问句中，用,some,而不用,any,。,如：,Would you like some coffee?,Can I have some more rice?,(2)every,和,each,的用法辨析,every,和,each,都有“每个”的意思，谓语动词均用单数形式。,every,强调整体之中的每一个；,each,强调个体概念。,如：,Every student in the class gets a new book.,Each kid likes playing computer games.,every,表示“,(,三者以上中的,),每一个”；,each,可以表示“,(,两者中的,),每一个”。,如：,I read English every day.,There are green trees on each side of the river.,(3)many,和,much,的用法辨析,many和much都有“大量；许多”的意思。many只能修饰可数名词复数形式，much只能修饰不可数名词。,如：,There are many people in the room.,Much of the time was wasted.,(4)both,和,all,的用法辨析,both,表示“,(,两者,),都”；,all,表示“,(,三者或三者以上,),都”。,如：,My parents are both teachers.,All the students in Class One like English very much.,(5)few,，,a few,，,little,，,a little,的用法辨析,a few,和,a little,是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组，其意义是肯定的。,a few,修饰复数可数名词，,a little,修饰不可数名词。,如：,I have a few friends here.,There is still a little water in the bottle.,few,和,little,具有否定的意义，意为“几乎没有”。,few,修饰复数可数名词，,little,修饰不可数名词。,如：,He has few friends and lives alone.,There is little water in the bottle.Lets go and,get some.,(6)other,the other,others the others,another 的用法辨析,other,表示“另一个”，其后可接名词单数形式，也可接名词复数形式。,如：,Put the candy in your other hand.,Do you have any other questions?,表示“两者中的一个”用,one,；表示“另一个”则用,the other,。,如：,I have two sisters.One is Sarah,the other one is Susan.,表示不限定范围内的“其他的”用,others,。,如：,Some go there by car.Others go on foot.,Some say yes,and others say no.,“很多中的一个”用,one,；表示“剩下的所有”用,the others,。,如：,Jack is cleverer than the others in his class.,【注】the others=the other+名词复数形式。,如：,Jack is cleverer than the other students in his class.,another,指“另外一个”，强调在剩下的所有里面再拿一个，表示单数概念。,如：,I dont like this hat.Please show me another one.,七、疑问代词,疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句，疑问代词一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有：,who(,谁，主格,),，,whom(,谁，宾格,),，,whose(,谁的,),，,what(,什么,),，,which(,哪个,),等。,(,疑问代词部分的讲解将在后面的疑问句章节中作详细讲解，故在此章节中省略,),考点精析,考点,1,考查代词的词形转换,【,例,1】,按要求写单词。,1.my(,名词性物主代词,),2.their(,宾格形式,),解析：,此类题考查对各类代词词形的记忆和转换。,答案：,1.mine,2.them,举一反三,1.,词形转换。,(1)she(,名词性物主代词,),(2)she(,复数形式,),(3)we(,单数形式,),(4)this(,对应词,),2.,英汉互译。,(1),他的书包,(2),我的一个朋友,(3)look at him,(4)its name,它的名字,hers,they,I,that,his bag,one of my friend/a friend of mine,看着他,考点,2,考查代词的运用,【,例,2】,根据中文提示填空。,Help,(,我,)with my English.,解析：,此题考查对人称代词的主格与宾格的运用。,Help,是动词，在动词之后要用代词的宾格。,答案：,me,【,例,3】,单项填空。,(,)1.This is,crayon,，,is over there.,A.my,；,your,B.mine,；,yours,C.my,；,yours,(,)2.There are 30 students in this class.,student has a computer.,A.Each B.One
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