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,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,*,*,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,*,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,Introduction,Vascular lesions are relatively common.,high-flow,(arteriovenous)or,low-flow,(capillary,cavernous,-,海绵状的,venous)vascular lesions,MR imaging,is useful for characterizing and determining the extent of vascular lesions.,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,2,IntroductionVascular lesions a,Correlate MR imaging findings with pathological features:,Brain,Spine,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,3,Correlate MR imaging findings,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernousmalformations,(,海绵状血管畸形,),Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),(发育性静脉异常),Telangiectasia,(毛细血管扩张症),Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,4,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernous malformations,Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),Telangiectasia,Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,5,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Arteriovenous Malformations,动静脉直接交通,缠绕形成瘤巢,无毛细血管床,伴随脑组织的发育同时形成,扩张的动脉与静脉间通常残存部分脑组织,.,,表现为萎缩、胶质增生、钙化等,经常可见见到扩张的供血动脉及引流静脉,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,6,Arteriovenous Malformations动静脉,充填紧密的瘤巢(空箭)及巢内动脉瘤(白空箭),带蒂动脉瘤(黑箭)及曲张的 静脉引流血管(黑空箭),脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,7,充填紧密的瘤巢(空箭)及巢内动脉瘤(白空箭),带蒂动脉瘤(黑,AVM.,Axial T2-weighted MR image,示蛇形迂曲的流空血管,.,Photograph,(病理),of the gross,(大体),specimen demonstrates dilated arteries and veins(arrows).,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,8,AVM.脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照8,AVM.,Axial MR,A,from a,TOF,sequence shows a dilated feeding left middle cerebral artery(thin arrow)and draining veins(thick arrows).,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,9,AVM.脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照9,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernous,(海绵状),malformations,Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),Telangiectasia,Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,10,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Cavernous Malformations,多发病灶为先天性(伴染色体异常),典型病例常常为双侧多发病灶,也可以散发或为单独病灶(不伴染色体异常),一种包含有血窦、畸形扩张的静脉、粗细不等的毛细血管结构等多种组织形式的慢血流病变,blood,sponge,血管间隙间无脑组织介入,可以见到不同时期的血栓或出血,周围胶质增生及含铁血黄素环,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,11,Cavernous Malformations多发病灶为先天,Cavernous angioma.,Axial T2-weighted MR image:with a thick hypointens,m,(低信号),rim.,高倍光学显微镜,(400 x;H-E stain),示非常多的大小不等的血管腔隙,.,它们互相粘在一起,间隙内没有脑组织介入,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,12,Cavernous angioma.脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernous malformations,Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),(发育性静脉畸形),Telangiectasia,Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,13,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Developmental Venous Anomalies,后毛细血管(毛细小静脉)的引流异常,典型表现,是许多小静脉向某一大的静脉干汇聚,形成,crown,sign,。,T2,像经常可以见到皮层表面静脉扩张呈一种管状的流空信号,medusa,(水母),head and palm,(棕榈),tree:,明显增粗的皮层静脉是树干,放射状分布的细小的汇聚静脉是枝叶,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,14,Developmental Venous Anomalies,静脉瘤:注意呈倒置伞状的髓质静脉,及单支的皮质引流静脉,汇入上矢状窦,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,15,静脉瘤:注意呈倒置伞状的髓质静脉,及单支的皮质引流静脉,汇入,38,岁女性,患有多发硬化,偶然发现临近第四脑室的发育性静脉畸形,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,16,38岁女性,患有多发硬化,偶然发现临近第四脑室的发育性静脉畸,Venous malformation.,Axial spin-echo T2-weighted MR image of the brain shows,桥脑偏左侧管状的流空信号伴放射状分布回流小静脉,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,17,Venous malformation.脑脊髓血管畸形MR,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernous malformations,Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),Telangiectasia,Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,18,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Telangiectasia,正常的脑实质中散在分布扩张的毛细血管(内衬薄层内皮细胞),.,Small,asymptomatic;most of these lesions are located in the,brainstem,T2WI,稍高信号,,,T2*WI,低信号,增强后为边界不清的强化灶,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,19,Telangiectasia正常的脑实质中散在分布扩张的毛细,桥脑毛细血管扩张症,注意扩张的毛细血管及位于其间的正常脑组织。,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,20,桥脑毛细血管扩张症,注意扩张的毛细血管及位于其间的正常脑组织,病灶在,T2,像上难以发现,而增强,T1,显示桥脑内强化病灶。,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,21,病灶在T2像上难以发现,而增强T1显示桥脑内强化病灶。脑脊髓,Brain,Arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),Cavernous malformations,Developmental venous anomalies(DVAs),Telangiectasia,Vein of Galen malformations,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,22,BrainArteriovenous malformatio,Vein of Galen Malformations,累及大脑大静脉的,AVM,周围无支撑组织的大静脉通道,任何导致静脉压升高的因素都会引起该静脉的扩张,直窦发育不良或不发育,脑实质,AVMs,and,硬脑膜漏,高输出量心力衰竭,永存动脉导管,可以听到脑部杂音,触及振颤,不同程度的脑积水,常因动脉窃血导致白质缺血性病变,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,23,Vein of Galen Malformations累及大,累及大脑大静脉的动静脉畸形,直窦发育不良,可见异常宽大的镰旁窦。中脑导水管受压,幕上脑积水。,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,24,累及大脑大静脉的动静脉畸形,直窦发育不良,可见异常宽大的镰旁,3,岁婴儿,左侧颈内动脉造影,示大脑大静脉畸形(箭)及永存的镰旁窦(弯箭),脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,25,3岁婴儿,左侧颈内动脉造影,示大脑大静脉畸形(箭)及永存的镰,Vein of Galen malformation.,Sagittal spin-echo T1-weighted MR image,示,Galen,静脉区一个巨大的血管流空信号,(*).,Sagittal,PC,MR,A,示静脉畸形及与之相连的血管,.,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,26,Vein of Galen malformation.脑脊髓,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,27,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照27,Spine,Spinal vascular malformations:approximately 3%16%of all spinal masses,海绵状血管瘤,毛细血管瘤,动静脉畸形及动静脉漏,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,28,SpineSpinal vascular malformat,Cavernous Angiomas,Most often,intramedullary,(髓内),组织学上与颅内的海绵状血管瘤相同,低信号边缘,and,混杂信号病变,on T1WI and T2WI representing,新旧不同的出血,.,胶质增生,水肿,或瘘可引起临近脊髓实质的异常信号,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,29,Cavernous AngiomasMost often i,脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照培训课件,硬膜下毛细血管瘤,.,髓外硬膜下病变,(*),分叶的结节状病变伴脊髓表面间断出现的流空信号,小血管内衬成熟的扁平内皮细胞,(200 x;H-E stain),脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照,31,硬膜下毛细血管瘤.脑脊髓血管畸形MRI和病理对照31,Arteriovenous Lesions,最常见的脊髓血管畸形,可以是,AVMs,或动静脉瘘,AVMs,:,瘤巢及供血动脉、扩张的引流静脉,可以跨硬膜生长于硬膜内外,或完全位于硬膜下,AVFs,:,动静脉直接相交通,通过充盈的引流静脉引流,;,可位于硬膜内或外,脑脊髓血
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