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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Introduction to Prolog,Motivation,Sample problem,Example program:,grandmother.pl,Sample session,A question about logic and programming,What is a program?,1,Motivation,1.Reduce the programming burden.,2.System should simply accept the necessary information and the objective(goal),and then figure out its own solution.,3.Have a program that looks more like its own specification.,4.Take advantage of logical inference to automatically get many of the consequences of the given information.,2,Sample Problem,For someone(call him or her X)to be the,grandmother,of someone else(call him or her Y),X must be the mother of someone(call him or her Z)who is a parent of Y.,Someone is a,parent,of another person,if that someone is either the mother or the father of the other person.,Mary is the,mother,of Stan.,Gwen is the,mother,of Alice.,Valery is the,mother,of Gwen.,Stan is the,father,of Alice.,The question:Who is a grandmother of Alice?,3,Sample Prolog Program:,grandmother.pl,grandmother(X,Y):-mother(X,Z),parent(Z,Y).,parent(X,Y):-mother(X,Y).,parent(X,Y):-father(X,Y).,mother(mary,stan).,mother(gwen,alice).,mother(valery,gwen).,father(stan,alice).,4,Sample Session,Welcome to SWI-Prolog(Version 3.3.2),Copyright(c)1990-2000 University of Amsterdam.All rights reserved.,For help,use?-help(Topic).or?-apropos(Word).,?-,grandmother.,%grandmother compiled 0.00 sec,1,312 bytes,Yes,?-,grandmother(X,alice).,X=mary,;,X=valery,;,No,?-,5,A Question about Logic&Programming,Q:Is a logical description of a problem actually a program?,6,What is a program?,A specification for a computation.,The specification must be effective-interpretable by some identified computer language 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