英语词性-成分-时态句子成分

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,十大词性,十大词性,一、名词,1.,概念：,表示,_,、,_,以及,_,名字,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,noun,3.,英文缩写：,n.,人,事物,抽象概念,tree,dog,w,indow,表示,_,、,_,以及,_,名字,的词。,一、名词,人,事物,抽象概念,十大词性,二、代词,1.,概念：,代词是代替,_,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,noun,3.,英文缩写：,pron,.,pro,名词,代词：,You I He She We They It Them This That These Those,等等,十大词性,三、,形容词,1.,概念：,形容词是修饰和形容,_,和,_,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,adjective,3.,英文缩写：,adj,.,名词,代词,clever,girl,clean,one,good,boy,beautiful,room,long,nose,happy,life,找出短语中的,n. pron. adj.,闯关2,十大词性,四、动词,1.,概念：,表示,_,和,_,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,verb,3.,英文缩写：,v.,动作,状态,jump,跳,run,跑,I am a teacher.,She is a student.,You are a boy.,动作,am,is,are,状态,Game,Find,verb,in the following phrase.,ride,a bike,fly,a kite,make,a cake,clean,the road,五、副词,1.,概念,：,用来修饰,_,、,_,、,_,以及,_,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,adv,.,adverb,动词,形容词,其他副词,全句,3.,英文缩写：,副词：,often, sometimes, fast, very, quickly, here , there , much,等等。,十大词性,六、介词,1.,概念：,表示,_,、,_,、,_,之间关系的词。,2.,英文表达,：,preposition,3.,英文缩写：,prep,.,人与人,事物与事物,人与事物,介词：,in , on , at , under, beside, by, about, to,等等,十大词性,七、数词,1.,概念：,表示,_,和,_,的词。,2.,英文表达,：,numeral,3.,英文缩写：,num,.,数量多少,先后顺序,数词：,one two three first second,等等,十大词性,八、冠词,1.,冠词有三大类,a an the,2.,英文表达,：,article,3.,英文缩写：,art,.,a,book,an,orange,the,moon,十大词性,九、连词,1.,概念：,连词是连接,_,、,_,、,_,的词,2.,英文表达,：,conjunction,3.,英文缩写：,conj.,单词与单词,短语与短语,句子与句子,blue and red,stand up and sit down,I like apples, but my mother likes bananas.,and,and,but,短语与短语,单词与单词,句子与句子,十大词性,十、感叹词,1.,概念：,表示,_,情感情绪的词。,2.,英文表达,：,interjection,3.,英文缩写：,int.,喜怒哀乐,感叹词：,Ah ! My god!,请用标注出下列单词的词性,grandpa it she skirt,teacher he pen kite this,book we that brother,you school I chair sun,sleep much jump apple,two at under very,ride sing ten dance,on are so flower,is,read,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,词类,作,用,例,词,1.,（,n.,）名,词,表示人或事物的名称。,I bought,a book,.,She is,a student,.,2. (,pron.,）代词,代替名词、数词等。,This,is,my,friend.,He,likes,that,book because,it,is very useful to,him,.,Parts of,Speach,3.,（,adj.,）,形容词,表示人或事物的特征或性状。,He is,small,but he is,clever,.,The,red,pen is,useful,for the teacher.,He painted the wall,white,yesterday.,4. (,num.,）数词,表示数目或顺序。,There are,ten,apples on the table and I will take,the first,one.,5.,（,v.,）动,词,表示动作或状态。,We,are,working,hard at English.,I,want,to become,an engineer.,6.,（,adv.,）副,词,表示动作的特征或性状特征。,I like English,very much,.,The teacher treats us,kindly,.,The train goes,fast,.,He,seldom,comes to see us.,7. (,prep.,）介,词,表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。,He usually stay,at,home,on,Sundays.,8.,（,conj.,）连词,连接词与词或句与句的作用。,He,and,I are in the same class,and,we are good friends.,Two,or,three of us can dance well,but,I cant .,9.,(interj.,）感叹词,表示强烈的感情,Oh,!,How,beautiful the scene is!,What,a good idea!,Goodness,!,10.,（,art.,）冠词,用来限制名词的意义,I have,a,pet dog .,The,dog is very lovely.,He is,an,old man but very strong.,一、主语,主语（,subject,）：,句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于,_,。,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing,football after school,is great fun.,句首,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.,The sun,rises in the east.,（ ）,2.,He,likes dancing.,（ ）,3.,Two,will be enough.( ),4.,Seeing,is believing.,（ ）,6.,To see,is to believe.,（ ）,7.,When to hold the meeting,has not been decided yet. ( ),8.,What he needs,is a book.,（ ）,9.,It,is very clear,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（ ）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式主语，,that,从句是真正的主语,当,不定式、动名词或从句,在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用,it,作形式主语,置于,句首,，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时,it,只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用,it,作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗,?,你懂得翻译下列句子吗？,1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,1. We,love,China.,2. We,have finished,reading this book.,3. He,can speak,English.,4. She,seems,tired.,二、谓语,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,_,充当,.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词,.,动词,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,.,They,can speak,English well.,They,are playing,over there.,时态,主动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成时,will do,would do,do / does,did,is / am / are doing,was / were doing,has / have done,had done,has / have been doing,had been doing,will have done,时态,被,动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,will be done,would be done,is/am/are done,was/were done,is/am/are being done,was/were being done,has/have been done,had been done,This is . He/ She is good at . He / She is .,Lets Talk,动词,第三人称单数,的变化规则,1,、直接在动词后,+s,（清辅音读,s,浊辅音读,z,）,like- like,s,play-plays,2,、以,s, x,sh,ch,接尾的动词：,+,es,(,读,iz,),wash-wash,es,3,、以辅音,+o,接尾的动词：,+,es,(,元音后读,z),go-go,es,4,、以辅音,+y,接尾的动词：变,y,为,i+es,(,元音后读,z),f,ly,-f,lies,This is . He/ She is good at . He / She is .,Lets Talk,动词短语：,+s:,Play,s, skip,s, sing,s, give,s, start,s, like,s,buy,s,some toys, get,s,up come,s,back home,make,s,noodles, eat,s,lunch drink,s,coffee,begin,s,his class ,practise,s,the piano,+,es,:,watch,es,TV brush,es,his teeth,go,es,to bed go,es,to school,do,es,my homework do,es,some reading,y i+,es,:,fl,y, fl,ies,stud,y,stud,ies,不规则变化：,have-ha,s,动词第三人称单数练习题,work speak say do talk dance,enjoy sing cry try wash fix,spell show buy look listen seem,taste fly have run jump,book make find tell leave,get take turn mend give,动词第三人称单数练习题,works speaks says does talks dances,enjoys sings cries tries washes fixes,spells shows buys looks listens seems,tastes flies has runs jumps,books makes finds tells leaves,gets takes turns mends gives,的,变化规则,动词过去式,1.,一般在词尾直接加,ed,。,如：,play played,watch-watched,2.,以,e,结尾的动词只加,d.,如：,like - liked,decide-decided,3,、“辅音字母,+y”,结尾的动词，,变,y,为,i,，再加,ed.,如：,study-studied,fly- flied,enjoy - enjoy,ed,stay - stay,ed,4.,末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的,重读闭音节,，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,-,ed,如：,stop-stopped, plan-planned,特殊变化请大家查阅课文后的不规则动词变化规则表,如：,am / is - was,are - were,buy - bought,have - had,1.go 2.is,3. are 4.feel,5.have 6.ride,7.decide 8.enjoy,9.see 10.start,11.do 12.arrive,1.go,went,2.is,was,3.are,were,4.feel,felt,5.have,had,6.ride-,rode,7.decide,decided,8.enjoy,enjoyed,9.see,saw,10.start,started,11.do,did,12.arrive-,arrived,动词过去式练习题,work speak say do talk dance,enjoy sing cry try wash fix,spell show buy look listen seem,taste fly have run jump,book make find tell leave,get take turn mend give,动词过去式练习题,worked spoke said did talked danced,enjoyed sang cried tried washed fixed,spelt showed bought looked listened seemed,tasted flew had ran jumped,booked made found told left,got took turned mended gave,过去分词的变化规则与过去式一样,动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。,.,规则变化,:,1.,一般情况直接加,ed,，如,askasked,workworked,2.,以不发音的,e,结尾，只加,d,，如,loveloved,dancedanced,3.,以辅音字母加,y,结尾，把,y,变为,i,，再加,ed,，如,trytried,study,studied,4.,以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词,(,以重读闭音节或,r,音节结,尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母,),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加,ed,如,stopstopped,permitpermitted,注：,A.,以,l,结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写,l,如,controlcontrolled;,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如,traveltraveled(,美,)/travelled(,英,),。,读音与说明,: .-,ed,在清辅音音素后发音为,t:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped .-,ed,在浊辅音和元音后发音为,d:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed .-,ed,在,t,、,d,后发音为,id:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted,规则动词过去式和过去分词练习题,arrive_ plant_ study_use_ plan_ask_,call_hope,_,fit_ control _,need_ permit_ carry_ play_prefer_,stop _ raise_live_ try_ copy_ dance_ travel_,occupy_ limit_,规则动词过去式和过去分词练习题,arrive arrived arrived plant planted planted,study studied,studied,use used,used,plan planned,planned,ask asked,asked,call called,called,hope hoped,hoped,fit fitted,fitted,control controlled,controlled,need needed,needed,permit permitted,permitted,carry carried,carried,play played,played,prefer preferred,perferred,stop stopped,stopped,raise raised,raised,live lived,lived,try tried,tried,copy copied,copied,dance danced,danced,travel traveled,traveled,occupy occupied,occupied,limit limited,limited,不规则动词表,（,要求识记和积累,）,(1) AAA,型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）,cost,（花费,cost,cost,shut,shut,shut,cut,（割）,cut,cut,spit spit/spat spit/ spat(,英,),hit,（打）,hit,hit,hurt,伤害）,hurt,hurt,let,（让）,let,let,put,（放）,put,put,r,ea,d,（读）,i:,r,ea,d,r,ea,d,e,(2) AAB,型（动词原形与过去式同形）,beat,（跳动）,beat beaten,(3) ABA,型（动词原形与过去分词同形）,become,（变成）,became become awake awoke,awoken,come,（来）,came come run,（跑）,ran run,(4) ABB,型（过去式与过去分词同形）,dig,（挖）,dug,dug,build built,built,get,（得到）,got got/gotten catch caught,caught,hang,（吊死）,hanged,hanged,deal dealt,dealt,hang,（悬挂）,hung,hung,feed fed,fed,hold,（抓住）,held,held,find found,found,shine,（照耀）,shone,shone,sit,（坐）,sat,sat,pay paid,paid,(5) ABC,型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）,begin,（开始）,began begun take,（取）,took taken,drink,（喝）,drank drunk mistake,（弄错）,mistook mistaken,ring,（铃响）,rang rung ride,（骑）,rode ridden,sing,（唱）,sang sung do,（做）,did done,swim,（游泳）,swam swum write,（写）,wrote written,blow,（吹）,blew blown go,（去）,went gone,draw,（画）,drew drawn lie,（平躺）,lay lain,动词现在分词 变化规则,构成：,动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加,-,ing,构成。,根据其变化规则的不同，大体可以分为三种情况：,（一）一般情况下直接加,-,ing,think-thinking,sleep-sleeping,study-studying,speak-speaking,say-saying,carry-carrying,（,二）以不发音的字母,e,结尾的单词，去掉字母,e,，再加,-,ing,wake-waking,make-making,come-coming,take-taking,leave-leaving,have-having,（三）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅,-,元,-,辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,-,ing,stop-stopping,sit-sitting,run-running,forget-forgetting,begin-beginning,（四）以,ie,结尾的动词，把,ie,改为,y,，再加,-,ing,die-dying,lie-lying,拓展：,（一）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅,-,元,-,辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,-,ing,。初中学过的这类词有：,begin,，,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,等。（二）,travel,虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加,-,ing,。,如：,travel-travelling.,动词现在分词练习题,play_ run_,swim_make,_go_ like_write_ ski_read_ shut_ sing _,die _cut_ tie_ put_ begin_,buy _love_,sit _lie_live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ dance_,shop_see,_prefer_ have_ eat_ meet_,动词现在分词练习题,play playing run running swim swimming make making go going like liking,write writing ski skiing read reading shut shutting sing singing die dying cut cutting tie tying put putting begin beginning,buy buying love loving sit sittinglie lyinglive living take taking come coming,get getting stop stopping dance dancing,shop shopping see seeing prefer preferring have having eat eating meet,meating,动词形式综合练习,一、,（将括号里动词的适当形式填入横线上。）,1.She _ homework by herself,everyday.(do,),2.Jack _home by bike on,weekdays.(go,),3.He_like,apple.(do,not),4.Kitty_TV,everyday.(watch,),5.The boy,usually_(cry,).,6.He _ his teeth everyday. (brush),7.My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.,8.Wang,Hao,_ (play) ping-pong very well.,9.She _(say) “I like these toys”.,10.He,doesnt_(know)her,name.,（将括号里动词的适当形式填入横线上。）,1.As she reached the age of thirty she _ (become) convinced she would remain single all her life.,2.He _ (give) me a lot of help.,3.If you have never _ (swim), then you really should have a go.,4.Just then a friend _ (drive) up and gave me a ride.,5.Last nights storm _ (bring) several trees to the ground.,6.Medicine should not be _ (keep) where it is near to kids.,7.The cake was_ (make) by that beautiful girl.,8.She _ (sing) and we clapped.,9.She _ (spend) lots of money on books last year.,1,）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词,He,is,a teacher.,2,）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep, remain, stay,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3,）表像系动词，用来表示,看起来像,这一概念，主要有,seem, appear, look,例如：,He looks tired.,He seems (to be) very sad.,4,）感官系动词，主要有,feel, smell, sound, taste,This flower smells very sweet.,5,）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,He became mad after that.,6,）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove, turn out,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。,三、宾语,宾语,：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在,_,或,_,后面,.,1.We,study,English.,2.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,3.He,is looking at,the dog,.,双宾语,：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。,He,gave,me,two books,.,及物动动词,介词,宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.She,lived,a happy life,.( ),2.I,love,you,.( ),3.We,need,two,.( ),4.Do you,mind,my opening the door,?( ),5.He,began,to learn English a year ago,.( ),6.He,did not know,what to say,.( ),7.Did you,write down,what she said,? ( ),8. She,felt,it,her duty,to take good care of them,.,( ),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,表语,：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态,.,The trees turn,green.,The flower is,beautiful .,四、表语,二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He,is,a teacher,. ( ),My idea,is,this,.( ),She,was,the first,to arrive.( ),I,feel,much,better,today./I must be,off,now. ( ),He,is,out of danger,.( ),The news,was,exciting./,They were,excited,at the news.( ),What surprised me most,was,that he spoke Chinese so well,.( ),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词,/,副词,介词短语,分词,定语：用来修饰,_.,This is a,red,car.,The building is,their teaching,building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr. Li.,Every,student has an,English,book.,五、定语,名词,定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,Its a,red,car.( ),They live in the room,above,.( ),My,brother is a teacher.( ),We belong to,the third,world.( ),Lucys father,is a poor worker.( ),Mother made a,birthday,cake for me.( ),The man,under the tree,is my teacher.( ),The,swimming,boy is,my brother./The boy,swimming in the river,is my brother. ( ),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,I liked the food,cooked by my mother,./,Retired,people have a good time at home.( ),There are two things,to be discussed,today.,（ ）,Will you tell us about your,teaching,plan?,（ ）,This is the very book,that I need.,（ ）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,John,often,came,to chat with me,( ),As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,( ),She is sitting,at the desk, doing her homework.,( ),My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,( ),Though he is young,he knows a lot.( ),He came,running.,( ),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,often,late for class.( ),We saw that picture,at the cinema,.( ),He sat there,smoking,.( ),They returned,tired and hungry,.,（ ）,They did everything they could,to save the boys life.,（ ）,Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ),The box is so heavy,that I cant lift it.,( ),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.,（ ）,He was angry,because we were late,(,）,If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,Everyone calls him,Jack.,（宾补）,He is called,Jack.,（主补）,宾语补足语：,I consider Jim,a good friend,.( ),I always find her,happy,.( ),People praised him,as a hero,.( ),I had the TV,fixed,.( ),I saw him,entering,the building.( ),What made you,think,so?( ),Do you want me,to go,?( ),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉,to,的不定式,不定式,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位语,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),简单句的,五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：,（主谓）,基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三：,（主谓宾）,基本句型四：,（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：,（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一 主谓 （,S + V,）,S + V,She,cooks.,He,is working.,What he said,does not matter.,The pen,writes smoothly.,基本句型一 主谓,S,V,She,cooks,He,is working,What he said,does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型二 主系表,S+V+P,He,is,happy.,Every thing,looks,nice.,His face,turned,red.,基本句型二 主系表,S,V,P,He,is,happy.,Everything,looks,nice.,His face,turned,red.,基本句型三 主谓宾,S+V+O,We,study,English,everyday.,They,are playing,football,.,He,enjoys,reading,.,She,said,“,Good morning,.”,基本句型三 主谓宾,S,V,O,We,They,He,She,study,are playing,enjoys,said,English everyday.,football.,reading.,“Good morning.”,基本句型四,SV,（及物）,O,（间宾，,多指人,）,O,（直宾多指物,）,I,give,him,a book,.,My mother,bought,me,a pen,yesterday.,I,showed,him,my picture,.,基本句型四,S,V,（及物）,O,O,I,give,him,a book.,My mother,bought,me,a pen,I,showed,him,my picture.,基本句型五,S+V,（及物）,+O (,宾语,)+C,（宾补）,We,must keep,the door,open,.,The news,makes,me,happy,.,We,call,him,Jim,.,He,told,me,to wash the plates,.,I,saw,a thief,going into your room.,基本句型五,S,V,（及物）,O (,宾语,),C,（宾补）,We,must keep,the door,open.,The news,makes,me,happy.,We,call,him,Jim.,He,told,me,to wash the plates.,I,saw,a thief,going into your room.,