4种时态讲解

, , , , , ,*,Click To Edit Title Style,*,*,Click To Edit Title Style,Click To Edit Title Style,*,Click To Edit Title Style,Click To Edit Title Style,*,*,Click To Edit Title Style,Click To Edit Title Style,高中英语时态-今日4种时态讲解,主讲老师：周老师 时间：2013.4.16,用法一：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副词sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom及时间副词every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night做状语,He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。,We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。,I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。,一般现在时的七种,用法二：表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如：,The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。,Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。,Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。,Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。,一般现在时的七种用法,一般现在时的七种用法,用法三：现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如：,He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。,She is at home. 她在家。,They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。,用法四：习惯性的爱好或行为。如：,I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。,We get up at six. 我们六点起床。,He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦,用法五：表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如：,Our class begins at 7:45. 我们的课七点四十五开始。,The shop opens at eight oclock. 商店八点开门,The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开,用法六：时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。如：,If you come, we will wait for you. 如果你来，我们就等你。,When he gets here, the work will be finished. 当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。,Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. 尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做,一般现在时的七种用法,一般现在时的七种用法,用法七：在某些习惯表达法中，常用一般现在时表示已经发生过的动作或存在的状态。如：,They say Wu Dong is ill.,据说吴东病了。,The paper says the disease is under control.,报纸上说这种病已经得到了控制。,The diagram tells us that peoples living is improving.,这份图表告诉我们，人们的生活正在改善,一般将来时,一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow,soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如：,What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？,We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。,He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习,2. 一般将来时的结构及应用,(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：,What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？,Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？,I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的,一般将来时,(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：,We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。,Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。,There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。,(3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如：,Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？,When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？,The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工,一般将来时,(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：,Dont leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。,Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。,(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：,Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。,The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。,Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了,一般将来时,(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：,Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。,The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回,一般将来时,(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：,Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。,The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回,1. 一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before , when clause, in the past连用。如：What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么？I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。,I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。,2. 一般过去时的应用(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如：We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。一,3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, signsigned.(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided, hate hated, datedated。(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied, flyflied, study studied.(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned,3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, signsigned.(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided, hate hated, datedated。(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied, flyflied, study studied.(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned,4. 特别说明有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如：I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I intended to have joined their games. I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。,现在进行时,1. 现在进行时的定义,现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。如：,The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。,The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。,We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备,2. 现在进行时的结构,现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如：,Im studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中学读书。,He is writing on the desk. 他再课桌上写字。,They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他们在谈论游长城的事情,现在进行时,【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：,(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如：saysaying, playplaying, thinkthinking, studystudying, teach teaching, blowblowing, buildbuilding.,(2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如：loveloving, makemaking, guideguiding, datedating.,(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning, regretregretting, planplanning, ban banning.,(4) 在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lielying, diedying, tietying.,(5) 在以-ck 结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnicpicnicking, panicpanicking,现在进行时,3. 现在进行时的应用,(1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如：,They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。,Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。,(2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如：,He is joining the army. 他要参军了。,They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。,(3) 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的,赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:,Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。,They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。,注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态,现在进行时与一般现在时的区别,区别一,区别二,区别三,(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续,What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？,They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。,They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。,They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球,现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作,Im reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情),I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为),(,(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, sk,i,p等)的进行时，表示动作的重复,。,The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。,His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快,注意：某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。如：,Im wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一忙。,Im hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢,