综合英语二上unit 1

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,综合英语（二）,上,lesson 1,Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at School,Carl Sagan,about the author: Carl Sagan,America famous scientist and science writer,The article makes a deep thought of What,emphasis should be placed on m,iddle school,education?,He,criticized the middle school,only taught the students to,grasp the specific content of,the subjects instead of,the macroscopic education, which could help,them establish materialistic world view and the view of the universe, so that they c,ould,treat oneself correctly, concern,about,the world - human living environment.,Text organization,part I (1-3),introduction: The author recalls his high school education and lead to his 12 suggestions.,part II (4-12),the author elaborates on his 12 suggestions respectively.,Part III (13),summary,part I (1-3),introduction,New words:,v. 上学、,出席,n. （,常用,复数）,设备、,设施,高于,一般水平,a. 感激的，,感谢,的（gratitude: n),v.,要紧，,有关系,在,某些,方面,干得,不错,v.,纠正，,改正,v.,经历,New words:,attend,facilities,above average,grateful,matter,in some respectives,do a good job,rectify,experience,part I related questions: P24,1. When and where did the author attend junior and senior high school?,2. What does he think of his high school education?,He attended junior and senior school in New York and New Jersey respectively just after WWII.,He thinks that the education he received was terribly narrow,.,Although his teachers did a pretty good job in spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of maths and other vital subjects, he thinks that theres so much else his teachers should have taught him.,para 1,I,attended,junior and senior high school, public institutions in New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War.,二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西州的公立学校上了初中和高中,。,attend: Vt,上学，,出席,As students, we should attend class on time.,The president will attend the opening ceremony next week.,vi.,注意，,专心 attend to,You should attend to your work.,attention (Noun),para. 1,The,facilities,and skills of the teachers were probably well,above average,for the United States at that time.,学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准,.,facility: N.,常用,复数，,设备、,设施,The home is situated within easy access of shops and other facilities.,房子位置便利，距离商店及其他设施都不远。,above,average：,高于,或,超过,一般,水平,Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year.,维多利亚瀑布今年的降雨量超过了平均水平,。,para 1,One of the most important things Ive learned is how much there is to learn, and how much I dont yet know.,( ),A. Ive come to knwo one important thing: I know very little and theres much for me to learn.,B. One important ting Ive learned is that in the vast sea of knowdledge Im just a little drop.,C. One should be aware of ones ignorance, which urges one to learn what one does not know yet.,D. Its very important to knwo that compared with what we dont know, our knowledge is limited.,A,我所学到的最重要的一点，,就是,要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。,para. 1,Sometimes I think how,grateful,I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really,matter,.,( ),A. Sometimes I feel happy that I was taught what is important at school.,B. Sometimes,I feel sorry that I didnt learn what is important at school.,C. At times I feel resentful that i was not taught anything useful at school.,D. At times I feel I should be thankful for those things I learnt at school.,有时候，我想那时要是能多学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地,心存感激。,本句,使用,了,虚拟,语句,B,grateful: a.,感谢,的，,感激,的,thankful （,gratitude,Noun）,We are grateful to you for permission to reproduce this article.,非常感谢您允许我们复印这篇文章。,matter：vi. 要紧，重要,有关系,What,matters is that she told a lie.,重要,的,是,她,说,谎,了。,No,matter+,疑问词:,无论,No matter where you go in life or how old you get, theres always something new to learn about. After all, life is full of surprises.,不管你生活在哪里，你有多少岁，总有新东西要学习，毕竟，生活总是充满惊喜。,无论,他,学习,多么,努力，,总,不能,通过,考试。,No matter how hard he works, he finds it difficult to pass the examination.,para. 1,In some respects,that education is terribly narrow,.,在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄,.,in some respects:,在,某些,方面,In some respects the African mind works rather differently from the occidental one.,在某些方面，非洲人的思维方式与西方人相差甚远。,para. 1,In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math, and other vital subjects, my teachers,did a pretty good job,.,在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错,。,do a good job :,干得不错,We dont doubt that he can do a good job of it.,我们并不怀疑他能把这事做得很好.,para. 2,Every student should regularly experience the Aha!,when something you never understood, or something you never knew was mystery becomes clear.,Every student should often find himself/herself saying Aha when he or she suddenly comes to an understanding.,每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出：“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。,part II (4-8),New words:,N.,哲学家,a.,自信,的 （,confidence：n),自学,v.,获得，,取得,被困，,陷于,擅长,于,n.,途径，,方法,n.,深刻,见解,v.,限制，,使,受限,v.,充实，,使,丰富,n.,尴尬，,使人为难,的,事,New words:,philosopher,confident,teach oneself,acquire,get trapped,be good at,gateway,insight,confine,enrich,embarrassment,part II (4-8),p25,3. What suggestions does the author make about teaching oneself a subject?,4. Why are we encouraged to ask stupid questions?,5. Why is listening to converstions a good way of learning from or about other people?,One should choose subject which really interests him and should place it in its broader human context. And he should keep on teaching himself throughout his life.,Because apparently stupid questions are really deep questions and the answers to them can be gateways to real insights.,Because those who are talking with you can surely provide you with some ideas which you dont know.,part II (4-8),p25,6. Why cant people avoid mistakes? What attitude should we adopt towards our mistakes?,7. Why doesnt the author urge us to learn about our planet? What worries does he have about it?,Because everybodys understanding is incomplete. We should open to correction and learn to correct our own mistakes.,Because it is the only planet we have. if we dont understand it, we abandon the future.,The author is worried about the fact that people are not aware of the deterioration of the environment of the Earth.,para 4,Pick a difficult thing and,learn,it well.,挑,一门,困难,的,学科，,把它,学,透,。,learn: Vt.,学习,She is learning English.,Eventually, youll,learn to cry,that on the inside.,终有一天，你会学会让泪往心里流。,The new seccretary is,learning how to operator,the printer.,vi.,得知 learn of sth,she learned of her sons success in the newspaper.,phrases:,learn. by heart:,熟记，,背诵,learn ones lesson:,吸取,教训,para 4,After you,teach yourself,one subject, you become much more,confident,about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find youve,acquired,a key skill.,自,学会,一门,学科,后，,你,会,对,自学,另,一门,学科,的,能力,信心,倍增。,渐渐地，,你,会发现,你,已,获取,了,一种,重要,的,技能,。,teach (taught, taught) vt.,教授，,教育，,教导,He uses tapes of this program to teach English.,Most religions teach you to be truthful and self-disciplined.,vi 教书，,当,老师,teach oneself sth:,自学,teach sb a lesson:,给,某人,一个,教训,confident：adj.,自信,的，,确信,的,be confident of sth,If there has to be a replay,we are confident of victory.,如果重新比赛，我们有信心取得胜利。,confidence:,信心,confidential：a.,机密,的,acquire：,v,获得，,取得,Here is your opportunity to acquire a luxurious one bedroom home.,现在正是购买一套豪华一居室住房的机会。,para 5,Dont be afraid to,ask,stupid questions.,不要害怕去问“愚蠢的”问题,。,ask：,v,询问，,打听,The guide asked the visitors what they wanted.,请求，,要求,He was too proud to ask his family for help and support.,邀请，,约请,Now and again, he was asked out to dinner.,ask sb for sth:,向,某人,要,求,某事,ask after:,问候,ask a favor of sb:,请,某人,帮忙,para 5,Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is round, or why we need 55.000 nuclear weapons in the world are really deep questions.,T,he answers can be a gateway to real insights.,The answers can help us get a deep understanding of things.,这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。,gateway (to): n,途径、,方法，,入口,Hong kong has profited greatly from being the gateway to china.,作为进入中国的门户，香港获得了巨大的利益。,insight：n,深刻,见解，,洞察力,Self-help books often give you helpful insight.,para 5,To ask stupid questions requires courage,on the part of,the asker,and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer.,（ ）,A. It takes courage and knowledge to ask stupid questions,B. Those who dare not ask stupid questions are cowards,C. It takes a brave person to ask stupid questions,D. A timid and shy person is not likely to ask stupid questions.,C,提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需要勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。,on the part of:,就,某人,而言，,在,某人,方面,There is no need for any more explaination on my part.,para 5,And dont,confine,your learning,to,schoolwork.,不要把自己的学习局限于课堂,confine. to.:,把,限制,在,之内,He is asked to confine his use of the telephone to business calls alone.,医生正试图将此病控制在城内.,Doctors are trying to confine the disease within the city.,para 5,Its much braver to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and,become deadened to the world around you,.,its more courageous for you to ask questions even it looks somewhat ridiculous than keep from asking and,become indifferent to everything around you.,明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇敢得多。,become deadened to sth. 对变得不敏感或麻木不仁,para. 6,Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely,leads to,discovery on either side.,很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方来说都无多大益处。,lead to:,导致,Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.,缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。,para. 6,They， and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspectives that can,enrich,your life.,老年人、来自其他地方和其他国家的人们对事物的许多重要的观点可以丰富你的生活。,enrich： v,使,丰富，,充实,An extended family enriches life in many ways.,大家庭在很多方面会使生活更加丰富多彩。,para 7,The only,embarrassment,is in not learning from your mistakes.,If you dont learn from your mistakes, you should be ashamed of yourself.,你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。,embarrassment: n,使人为难,的,事，,尴尬,The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.,报告将政府置于窘境。,part II (9-12),N.,科学 scientist/ scientific,V.,集中，,全神贯注,a.,不重要,的,n.,发现（,discover,V）,N.,毕业生,A.,晦涩,的，,不清楚,的 （,obscurity,N）,n.,暴露，,公开,作出努力,v.,限定，,限制,N.,宗教 （religious A.),有,能力,New words:,science,concentrate on,unimportant,discovery,graduate,obscure,exposure,make efforts,restrict. to.,religion,be capable of,Part II (9-12) related questions P25,8.,What does the author think science courses should concentrate on?,9. Why do you think the author insists that every high school graduate know something about the discovery of the great scientists?,The courses should concentrate on the major insights into the great discoveries of modern science.,Because these people made great discovries in modern science. And the great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit.,Part II (9-12) related questions P25,10. Why does the author advise us not to spend too much time watching TV?,11. In what way do works of literature, art and music enrich our life? Why should we learn about the history, religions and viewpoints of the people in other countries?,Because the autor thinks that it is a waste of time.,If you make efforts to know something of the great works of litereature, art and music, you have acauired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your life.,Because we are living in a world where various peoples are tightly connected with each other.,para 9,School science courses, I remember,concentrated on,the unimportant parts of science,leaving,the major insights almost untouched.,我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。,concentrate,on：,全神贯注,They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.,他们将集中教授阅读、写作和算术基础知识。,leave sth/ sb + adj/,分词,He left all the windows open for half an hour.,The news left everybody depressed.,para. 11,Gain some,exposure to,the great works of literature, art and music.,感受一下文学、艺术和音乐名作的熏陶。,Exposure to 接触，感受的熏陶，受到的影响,Too much exposure to the sun might cause skin diseases.,Living in Europe for a year, he gained some exposure to western culture.,para 11,If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it.,( ),A. There is perphas something valuable in it.,B. There might be secret messages to future genereations.,C. You may find what its writer says is still worth learning about,D. You can discover information which is still useful to us today.,A,既然一部作品已存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么大概它确实是有些名堂。,para. 13,Look at the delight a one- or two-year-old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn.,如果,你,看到,一个,一两,岁,的,孩子,学做,一件,事,时,的,性质，,你,就,会,明白,人类,学习,的,一直,是,多么,坚强。,take delight in:,以,为,乐,He never takes delight in other peoples failures.,para. 13,Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race. ( ),A. Peoples enthusiasm about the universe and their profound sympthy for others are considered the two major hopes of the human race.,B. The hope for the human race lies manly in our enthusiasm about the universe and our profound sympathy for others.,C. The hope of the human race refers to either peoples,enthusiasm about the universe and peoples profound sympathy for others.,D.,The hope for the human race lies manly in either our enthusiasm about the universe or our profound sympathy for others.,B,我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱，我们有对他人的同情心，人类的希望主要寄托于此。,provide: V,提供,provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth,They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.,他们为受难者提供了一些必要的援助。,exercise 1 P 27,first-hand:A.,第,一手,的 gentleman:,N.,绅士,high-grade：,A,高级,的,new,comer：,新来者,supermarket：,超市,1.,supermarket,2.,first-hand,3.,gentleman,4.,high-grade,5.,newcomer,exercise 2,attend a meeting,do a good job,experience bitterness,teach oneself English,discover wonders,hold back ones cough,master skills,出席,会议,干得不错,体验,苦难,自学英语,发现奇迹,忍住咳嗽,掌握,技能,exercise 2,acquire knowledge,require courage,enrich ones life,accept rectification,correct mistakes,cherish no hope,make efforts,获取,知识,需要勇气,丰富,生活,接受修正,改正错误,不再指望,做出,努力,2. translation,1. lead to,The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to a criminal prsecution against an engineer and two local government officials.,2. leave sb +,分词,He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched.,3. far from,Far from being a waste of time, regualr sports activities make students physically strong and deal with their study better.,4. be capable of,The seals and dolphins in the Sea World are capable of various acting techniques, which made children audience overjoyed.,5. take delight in,Those who take delight in other peoples pain will suffer retribution sooner or later.,6. in some respects,In some respects, that new dictionary has much to be improved.,7. get trapped,When the bus rushed out of the road and truned over, many children got trapped in it.,8. provide sth for sb,At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for over 1000 guests.,9. strict. to.,In China, every urban family is resricted to only one child.,10. matter,As long as we can get a little rest, it doesnt matter where we go.,exercise 3 P 28,learn,2. There are no shortcuts to learning a foreign language.,9. Wise men learn lessons from their own mistakes.,12. When asked what was the greatest pleasure in her life, she replied learning.,exercise 3 P 28,ask,1. The boy asked the policeman how to get to the railway station.,5. He asked his boss whether he could leave off work a little earlier that day.,7. He was asked to work in Tibet for one year when he graduated.,8. All I want to do is just to show my care for others and I hope to be treated in the same way by others. I am not asking too much.,10. Since it is well after midnight, there is no point in asking for help.,exercise 3 P 28,teach,3. Learning that my favorite maths teacher is still teaching in that school, I decided to visit him.,4. This veteran worker taught his children to be honest.,6. Difficulties and hardships teach us to be greateful for all that we have already had.,11. That scientist taguth his students that young peple should be gearing themselves for the future.,exercise 4 P 28,1. do a good job in,2. in/at the meeting,3. for, abover average,4. in,5. In some respects,6. be good at, full of,7. On surface, in depth,8. on sbs part to do sth,9 believe in, behind,10. restrict. to., at, concertrate on,11. by heart,12. learn from,exercise 4 P 29,1. equipment:,不可数,名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西，供给品，装备等。facility 是可数名词，常用复数形式。,facilities指为一特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设备、建筑物和服务等等。,The school has excellent sporting facilities.,exercise 4 P 29,2. difficult: 用来修饰需要运用智慧和技巧才能解决的问题，其程度要比hard深。,hard:习惯用来指体力和精神方面所感受到的困难与艰苦，程度没有difficult深。,English is a difficult lanuage.,exercise 4 P 29,3. They asked Tom about the next days game, and he seems very confident.,4. limit:主要指在数量、程度或时间上确定最大值，人或事物不可能或不可以超越它,confine: 暗示束缚性、限制性的或阻挠性的限制,please confine your remarks to the subject under discussion.,exercise 4 P 29,5.remark:是自己的主张、观点陈述。,facilities:是对他人的发言、当前时事的看法意见点评。,I ignored his rude remarks about my clothes.,exercise 5 P 30,1.a,2. when,3. move,4. shat,5. by,6. taking,7. release,8. makes,9. perhaps,10. so,11. at least,12. more,