英语报刊

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,THE MONARCHY,BRITISH,HISTORY,美英报刊文章选读,Teaching Steps:,1.,The British Government,2.Questions leading to the text,3.Words to know,4.Summary,5.News writing-,Metonymy,and,Synecdoche,The heyday of their empire,The British Government,Britain,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,System of government,: constitutional monarchy.,The central government includes:,monarch, Parliament and the cabinet.,1. The monarch,1) Functions : head of state,2) Official titles: king &queen,3) Official residence: Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle,2. Parliament,Two chambers:,1),the House of Lords,(the Upper House) and,a) Members:,议员,b) Chairman: Lord High Chancellor,议长,2),the House of Commons,( Lower House),a) Members:,议员,b) Chairman:,Speaker,议长,The House of Commons and House of Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster, located next to the River Thames in,L,ondon.,Westminster Palace,RIVER THAMES IN LONDON,Houses of Parliament,Palace of Westminster,威斯敏斯特宫（,Palace of Westminster,），又称国会大厦（,Houses of Parliament,）是,英国国会,（包括上议院和下议院）的所在地,威斯敏斯特宫是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之一，,1987,年被列为世界文化遗产,3.,The government and the cabinet,Prime Minister,Secretary of state for the Home Department,内政大臣,Chancellor of the Exchequer,财政大臣,secretary of state for Defense,国防大臣,.,Politics,1. Political parties:,Two-party system,1) Conservative party,（,Donald Cameron,）,2) Labor party,2. Election:,1) Period: every five years at nationwide level.,Britain,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Britain is a,constitutional,monarchy,.,The monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State (the official ruler of the country).,She has to agree to all new laws before they can come into force.,Every year she performs the State Opening of Parliament, when she makes a speech which tells what the government intends to do.,Monarch: a ruler of a state, such as a king or queen, who has a right to rule by birth, and does not have to be elected.,Monarchy,: the system by which a state is ruled by a king or queen. Also a state ruled by a king or queen.,What is her name?,What is the UK?,The Queen appoints the Prime Minister and gives titles and other honours to people who have done good things for the country.,Present PM Tony Blair,Former PM Margaret Thatcher,In practice the queen has very,little power,and she may not express a political opinion in public.,She cannot refuse to agree to a law which has been decided on by Parliament and she must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the political party that has won the most parliamentary seats.,The queens duties are mainly,ceremonial.,Some people think that the monarchy is old-fashioned and a waste of money, but others feel that it is a good thing to have someone represent the country on important occasions who is not connected with any political party.,Britain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world.,Representative,Democracy,and also known as,Parliamentary Democracy (,议会制民主）,Monarch - Constitutional Monarchy,（君主立宪制）,The Queen is the chief of the state, but without real power,Elizabeth-,Queen,of the United Kingdom and the other,Commonwealth realms,Reign,6 February 1952 present (62 years ),Coronation,2 June 1953,Predecessor,George VI,Heir Apparent,Charles, Prince of Wales,（,the Prince of Wales is the heir to the throne.,）,Consort,Prince Philip,Duke of,Edinburgh,英国王位为世袭制。,1701,年颁布的王位继承法规定，英王去世后由其长子或长女继承，男性优于女性。长子如已死亡，则由其后嗣继承。若长子去世时尚无子女，则由英王的次子或后嗣继承。如英王无子，才由其弟继承。,1952,年继位的现女王是英国汉诺威王朝的第十一代君王。,英国王位的继承顺序（,order of succession to the throne,）前六名是：,Prince Charles (,女王长子,),Prince William (Charles,之长子,),Prince Henry (Charles,之二子,),Prince Andrew (,女王二子,),Prince Edward (,女王三子,),Princess Anne (,女王之女,),英国的君主立宪制,君主立宪制是英国政府最古老的制度。英女王伊丽莎白二世传承了爱格伯国王（,King Egbert,）自公元,829,年统一英格兰后建立起的王权。英国历史上君主立宪制唯一的间断期出现在,1649,至,1660,年间的共和时期。,今天，英国女王不仅仅代表着英国的国家元首，同时象征着英国国家统一的标志。英女王在英国的全称是：“伊丽莎白二世、大不列颠、北爱尔兰联合王国及其它领土和疆域之上帝赐予之女王、英联邦的元首及忠实的捍卫者”。在英吉利海峡诸岛及曼恩岛（,the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man,）行使着女王的权威。,虽然君主立宪制的王权宝座只设在英国，,英女王仍然代表着许多英联邦国家的国家元首,。英女王在完全独立于英国政府的英联邦国家大臣们的建议下，将她的权力委托给英联邦国家的总督，代为行使管辖。总督的正式皇家称谓随国家和地区的差异而不尽相同。有一些英联邦国家则建立了共和制或由自身的君主进行立宪。在英属的海外领地，地方统治者代表着女王，对英国政府负责，行使领地的管辖。,虽然女王有着至高无上的头衔，主要的权力却掌握在议会手中，,女王的职责多为礼仪性的。英国议会由英国女王、上议院和一个由选举产生的下议院三方组成。,这三方仅在一些具重要象征意义的仪式上同时出现。譬如，在每年英国议会重开的仪式上，女王会在上议院召见下议院议员。英国的立法需要这三方的一致通过，女王通常不持异议。,Introduction,As you know, Britain is a Monarchy . The Queen , as head of state, chooses a prime minister, dissolves Parliament and declares war, and takes the political accountability while,remaining above politics,and,taking no sides,in any political debate.,However, just,ceremonial duties.,So whether it should stay or not?,quotation from Churchills description about the monarchy,systemthe best that man had yet devised,why the monarchy must stay,This system prevents politicians from too easily,usurping power,.,It is one of the great strengths of monarchy that it has never taken sides in any political debate, that it shows itself, as an institution, to be,evenhanded,.,.,If one were to jettison the monarchy, government, Parliament, the nation and the commonwealth would be,turned upside down.,From this follows trade, and a vital economic boost to the nations industry and commerce. At home, monarchy is at the center of a,multimillion-dollar tourist industry.,That people like things the way they are,Mrs Windsor , anyone?,The main,idea,The royal scandal led to the dispute of the monarchs removal or retention,however its still hard to discover a strong movement toward a republic in Britain history , a poll commissioned by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal family and 69 per cent said worse off, a number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years.,The mystery of British republicanism has long been its almost total non-existence.,The Queens Jubilees,The Queens Jubilees,Silver jubilee 1977,Gold jubilee 2002,Diamond jubilee 2012,. More than a million spectators lined the banks of the river to cheer the 86-year-old *monarch. She is only the second British monarch to celebrate a,diamond jubilee,after Queen Victoria. The river pageant was the main event of four days of celebrations for the 60th year of the queens reign and street parties were held around the country.,Questions,Are there many Britons against Monarchy according to the author?,No, Only a handful of people have expressed their,dislike,for the monarchy,2. What does the slogan “Dont jubileeve it!” on the placard mean?,Dont take part in any celebration for the Queenss diamond jubilee.,Dont you believe it,3. How do you understand the slogan “9500 nurses or 1 Queen”?,The expenses of the Queen are equal to those of 9500 nurses . It suggests that the royal familys life is,extravagant,and so people choose to have more nurses instead of a queen,4. Why do you think the majority of Britons give their support to the royal family?,Their country can,benefit,a lot economically from it , and their state is safer and more,stable,with it.,the,Structure,Paragraph 1-3 the a,nti-monarchist,arrangements for the celebration of the diamond jubilee,Para4-8 monarchy,mishandled,Para 9-13,history,of republic,Para 14-18,abolishnist,of the monarchy,Para 19-20,support,of the monarchy,D,etailed,Study,of,the,Text,There were eight of them,a pretty decent attendance,on such an occasion, (Para2),The number of people who attend was not small.,They were putting finishing touches to the (Para2),To make final adjustments of completing,when they held their own,anti-royal,street party, and the jubilee have produced,spikes,in support. (Para3),-sharp rise,And for the monarchy, an institution which has held firm ,with one 11-year gap, since the start of the 9th century, the 21st century has marked a return to its customary popularity and dominance (Para 5),The 1990s were disastrous for the royal family (Para 5),The royal antics led to the fact that monarch is threatened.,The 1990s were diastrous for the royal family,“annus horribilis”,Camillagate,Squidgygate,After the “annus horribilis,” “Camillagate,” “Squidgygate” and other royal antics, support for the monarchy in Great Britain dropped to 38 percent.,annus horribilis:,-years of wonders , esp . Applied to 1666, or to other years of remarkable or catastrophic events,Suffix -gate,Gate:,（,scandal,），,Forming nouns from the names of people or places; used esp. in newspapers.,Like,Watergate, the scandal in the US that brought about the resignation of President Nixon in 1974.,Camilla,gate,-,Concerning a close female friend(Camilla) of Prince Charles,Squidgy,gate,-,Princess Dianas sexual scandal,But the turnaround , widely perceived to have ,golden jubilee of,2002(Para 6),Silver Jubilee 1977,Gold Jubilee 2002,Diamond Jubilee 2012,a,poll,commissioned,by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal family and 69 per cent said worse off, a number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years. (Para 6),A number,in line with similar,polls throughout the past 60 years (Para6),The result of the poll was consistent with similar polls in the past 60 years.,At the behest of the FTs photographer ,(Para7),At the request of,The,civil,war,that led to Charles Is execution in 1649 was (to oversimplify) a battle over the origin and extent of the kings authority rather than its existence (Para 9),English Civil War,是,1642,年至,1651,年在英国,议会派,与,保皇派,之间发生的一系列武装冲突及政治斗争；英国辉格党称之为,清教徒革命,（英文：,-Puritan Revolution-,），马克思主义史观称之为英国资产阶级革命（,English Bourgeois Revolution,）。在内战中，以克伦威尔等人为代表的革命领导人创建了新型的军队，并在实战中创造了一套新的战略战术，在欧洲军事史上写下了光辉的一页。他对于英国和整个欧洲都产生了巨大的影响，历史学家一般将革命开始的,1640,年作为,世界近代史,的开端。,The HOUSE OF Cromwell:,克伦威尔公馆，喻其政权,Republicanism,:,The ideology of governing a society or state as a public , where the head of state is elected,Oliver Cromwell,dissolve,Parliament,(P9),dissolve parliament, declare war,waive the power, usurp power,In the 352 years since then there have been moments that might have been,construed,as republican opportunities (Para10),-explained,There was a,bad run,for the monarchy. (Para 10),There was a bad time for the monarchy.,But Britains faith in its system had been,cemented,by the excesses of the French Revolution (Para10),Because the French Revolution went too far in dealing with their monarch , the British people,reinforced,their faith in their system, i. e. monarchy.,The institution recovered quickly after the accession of,Victoria,in 1837 ( Para 11),-Monarchy,QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM,Reign,20 June 1837 22 January 1901,Coronation,28 June 1838,Predecessor,William,IV,Successor,Edward,VII,Empress of India,Reign,1 May 1876 22 January 1901,Imperial durbar,1 January 1877,Successor,Edward,VII,Her throne,Her reign of 63 years and 7 months, which is longer than any other british monarch(,统治者,) .and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of,industrial,cultural,political,scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the,British Empire .,Her Achievement,When Victoria retreated into,seclusion,(Para11),Moved back from ( government or state affairs),Which damaged her popularity.,When he recovered, Victoria held a public thanksgiving service in,Westminster,Abbey,(Para12),-a very large Gothic church in Westminster, built in 11th century,almost all British kings and queens were crowned and many famous people are buried.,as a “,disguised republic,”(Para13),The Queen is there by,consent,. (Para 13),The Queen is head of state when people agree.,Ceremonial head,Between,the flag-wavers and the placard-wavers,there is a great deal of,cynicism,in Britain people turned off by the flummery, the excesses, the expense and the sugar-coated coverage .,-Between the supporters and abolitionists of the monarchy,cynicism,The dog looking for a man,-Alexander: “Is there anything I can do for you?”,-Diogenes: “Yes, stand to one side. Youre blocking the sunlight.”,people,turned off,by the,flummery, the excesses, the expense and the,sugar-coated coverage,.,-people who have lost their interest or feel disgusted because the royal family are insincere , they dont behave well , they spend huge amounts of the taxpayers money , and they are described in the press as much better than they are.,Flummery,complete nonsense,Turn offto cause to feel dislike or distaste for something,Sugar-coat-,-to make sth appear more pleasant or acceptable,Leanne Wood, the new leader of Plaid Cymru, once caused a storm in the Welsh Assembly by calling the Queen “,Mrs,Windsor,”.,-,Mrs Windsor-,Windsor:,The family name of the British royal family from 1917,Some republican activists call the Queen “Mrs Windsor” to show their position that monarchy should be abolished and,that the Queen is just a common woman,Several Republic supporters insisted that becoming head of state was a legitimate aspiration for any child of democracy, in the American,log-cabin-to-president,tradition. (Para 15),If working hard , even a cowboy can be president, as the proverb goes.,the third option in the,Charles,or,William,poll,question was an election. (Para 15),Support for the monarchy is certainly full of,contradictions,but, the night after the Islington gathering, it was possible to sense the,weaknesses,in Republics case. (Para16),Some thought the royal family (mainly Charles) interfered too much in politics; others thought the Queens insistence on non-intervention after the inconclusive 2010 election was a sign that she,had no useful role to play.,Apolitical attitude,But I suspect that single questioner spoke for,apathetic,England. (Para 19),But I think the person who asked that question expressed the views of all those English people who are indifferent to this issue.,The Queen seems a,decent,old,stick,. There is an extra,bank,holiday,for her on Tuesday.,-colloquial BrE, guy,-public holiday,Match that, President,Blair,. (Para 19),A republic is as good as or better than monarchy.,President Blair,-Labour Party politician as Prime Minister of the U.K. (1997-2007),There will be a wave of sympathy because of his mothers service.”,Winston Churchill,often described,parliamentary democracy,and,constitutional monarchy,as being,imperfect,-but the best that man had yet devised.,parliamentary democracy,：,-,议会制民主,constitutional monarchy,：,-a monarchy in which the ruler has only powers given to her by the constitution and laws of the nation,君主立宪制,monarchy has served both the empire and the commonwealth,with great distinction:,-Head of state- nurturing a sense of unity between nations,-Brings financial benefit,-Adds dignity and historical relevance to all state occasions,Words & expressions to know,Constitutional monarchy,parliamentary democracy, head of state, above politics, figurehead,dissolve parliament, declare war,waive the power, usurp power,take sides, apolitical stand, national symbol,the British Empire,the Commonwealth,royal family, cult of personality, republicanism,political accountability,remaining above politics,Diamond jubilee,Anti-monarchist anti-royalist,The street party,Republican activist,The English civil war,Victorian era,Windsor,Westminster Abbey,apathetic accession,The Conservative party /Labour Party,Constitutional monarch monarchy,Elizabeth ,Summary,For members of the,anti-royalist,group Republic, the queens diamond jubilee is a chance to get their views hear .Only a handful of people have expressed their dislike for the monarchy.,the,turnaround, widely perceived to have started with the initially rather apologetic golden jubilee of 2002,a poll commissioned,by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal family and 69 per cent said worse off, a number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years.,It probably does more good than harm and makes more money than it costs. It gives the country,a sense of stability,语言解说：借喻和提喻(P189),Metonymy,借一事物的名称指代另一事物。,如：,the Crown,喻皇室事务,Synecdoche,以局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分。,如：,Broadway,指美国戏剧业等,Blue helmets,蓝盔帽 联合国维和部队,Downing Street,唐宁街（伦敦一街道） 英国政府，英国内阁,Fleet Street,舰队街（伦敦一街道） 英国新闻界，英国报业,Buckingham Palace,白金汉宫（英国,),英国王宫,The City (of London),伦敦城 英国金融界，英国商业界,Capitol Hill,国会山（国会大厦所在地）,美国国会,Hollywood,好莱坞 美国电影业或娱乐业,Oval Office,椭圆形办公室 美国总统办公室,Silicon Valley,硅谷 美国高科技集中地,Wall Street,华尔街 美国金融界,Zhongnanhai,中南海 中国政府,Pentagon,五角大楼美国国防部,Language points：New Meanings of Some Affixes,Anti-:,反传统的，,eg: anticulture,反托拉斯的，反垄断的,eg:antitrust,-Aid,救助，赞助：尤指义赛或义演的,eg:,Fashion-Aid,慈善时装义演,Sport-Aid,体育义演,Band-Aid,创可贴,-friendly,有助于,的。,对,无污染的或保护的,支持的,eg: customer-friendly,考虑顾客需要的,environment-friendly,Labor friendly,Thatcher -friendly,-ism,：,歧视：,ageism,年龄歧视,lookism,容貌歧视,-wise:,讲到,speaking of,在某方面,with regard to,从某点上看,from the standpoint of,eg: weatherwise strategywise,Timewise , Ive reached the age of 70, but ideawise or outlookwise , Im still 50 or less.,