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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4,Helping people around the world,Grammar and usage,Objectives,To get a further understanding of unreal conditionals,To learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionals,To learn other cases that need to use unreal conditionals,虚拟语气,1概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,Revision,2在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示,与事实相反的条件和结果。,1) 与现在事实相反：,If 主语 , 主语 +V原,was/were,/V-ed,should (would,could, might),2) 与过去事实相反：,If 主语 , 主语 +have V-ed,3) 与将来事实相反：,If 主语 , 主语 +V原,should (would,could, might),should,were to,should (would,could, might),had been /V-ed,件从句条,If 从句中的谓语形式,主句中的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,Revision: If,虚拟语气,过去时(did/were),would/could/should/might +V.原,过去完成时,would/could/should/might + have + p.p.,1. 过去时,2. should+V.,3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.原,Read the points and examples on Page 56.,Please find out:,1.How the tenses are used in the if-clause and,the main clause in Point 1,2.Which words can be used to replace if-,clauses in implied conditionals,3.How to express unreal conditionals in,adverbial clauses,4.How to use unreal conditionals in object,clauses introduced by that,1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气(mixed conditionals)。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.,If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,We use mixed conditionals when the main,clause and the if-clause are about different tenses.,e.g. If you,had come and attended,the,meeting,yesterday, you,would know,what we are doing,now,.,If you,had followed,my advice, you,would not be,in trouble now.,1. If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. 如果我昨晚完成了作业，现在就被允许看电视了。从句说明过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。,2. If you told me the truth now, I would not send for your parents tomorrow.,如果你现在告诉我实话，我明天就不请你家长来了。从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。,If I_ business at university, I_ a manager now. If I had taken an alternative path and_ medicine, I_ a lot of medical knowledge. If I _ a lot about medicine, I _ able to help my sick mother. If I _ my sick mother, I _ so upset.,had not studied,would not be,had studied,would have,knew,would be,could help,would not be,Complete Part A on page 57:,2. We use,otherwise,or,and phrases,beginning with,with,without,and,but,for,to replace an if-clause in implied,conditionals.,Without air , there would be no living things.,But for your help, I couldnt have done it.,(If there were no air),(If it hadnt been for your help),Implied Conditionals:,含蓄虚拟语气,有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如 with, without, but for 等，或者通过副词or, otherwise等上下文表示。,1. Without your encouragement, I,wouldnt have succeeded,. (=If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.),没有你的鼓励，我不会,成功的。,例如：,2. With (if I had) more money, I,could help,more people in need.,3. But for the (if there was no) money you sent me, I,would starve,now.,4. I am too hungry, or/otherwise I,would not try,to eat you.,(=If I were not so hungry, I would not try to eat you.),3. In adverbial clauses introduced by,even if,as if,as though,and,if only,we can use unreal conditionals.,Introduced by even if, as if/though, if only,在even if, as if/though, if only引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时也使用虚拟语气。与现在事实不符用一般过去时，与过去事实不符用过去完成时。,即使生了病，他也去办公室。,Even if he were ill, he would go to his office.,他那样对待我，好似我是陌生人似的。,He treated me as if I were a stranger.,她谈论那部影片，就好似她确实看过一样。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,Imitation:,1. 即使你有钱也不能这么浪费。,You should not waste even if you were rich.,2. 看上去他们好似吃错药似的。,It looked as if they had taken some wrong medicine.,3. 我女朋友逛起街来好似永远不知道累一样。,My girl friend goes shopping as though she never felt tired.,4. 要是我现在就知道明天考试的答案就好了。,If only I knew the answers to the exam to be held tomorrow.,注意：,上述连词也可以引导事实或者具有很大可能性是事实的从句，此时不必使用虚拟语气。,例如：,It looks as if it,is,going to rain.,It seems as though he,is,lost.,虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish/if only,现在：,过去：,未来：,didwere,had done,would do,1) I wish I were a bird.现在,2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.过去,3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish,us. 将来,If only I,knew,his name!,If only we,had followed,your advice!,If only I,could see,him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents,could live with,us!,If only I,hadnt missed,the train!,I wish I,were,as tall as you.,我希望和你一样高。,He wished he,hadnt said,that.,他希望他没讲那样的话。,I wish it,would rain,tomorrow.,我希望明天下雨就好了。,wish to do; wish sb./sth. to do 想要，希望,I wish to see the manager.,=,I want to see the manager.,I wish the manager to be informed at once.,=,I want the manager to be informed at once.,2.,would rather (that),现在：,过去：,未来：,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather you,had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,did,did,had done,3. Its (about/high) time + that,should do,did,你该走了。,我们该去,睡觉了。,Its high time that you went.,Its high time that you were going.,Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.,Its time that we should go to bed.,4. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,1) 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个,命令，三个建议，四个要求。即,1. insist 2. order, command,3. advise, suggest, propose,4. demand, desire, require, request,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词,原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。,他坚决要求我到场。,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom,have,a rest.,He insisted that I,(should ) be,present.,The king ordered that the prisoners,be,killed,the next day.,They requested that we,(should) send,them to work there.,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议 或“坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、说明、或“坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,The guard at gate insisted that,everybody _ (obey) the rules.,2. He insisted that she _ (be),seriously ill and that _(send),to hospitals at once.,3. He suggested that we _ (have) a,meeting at once.,4. His pale face suggested that he,_ (be) ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气，即：,(should) + v-原形。,名词形式: order, advice, suggestion,proposal, demand, desire,request, requirement,The suggestion is that the plan,be,carried out,at once.,My demand is that she,should come,to see me once a week.,All of us are for the advice that the,chemical factory,should be,closed,down.,5. Its necessary/strange/natural/,important + that-clause 从句中的动,词要用虚拟，即should+ 动词原形,It is important that we,(should) master,a,foreign language.,It is strange that she,refuse,to come to the,party.,Its necessary that we,should study,hard.,6. 某些简单句的固定句型：,Heaven,help,him!,God,bless,you!,May,you,succeed,!,Long,live,the Peoples Republic of China!,Answers ( P57 Part B),B (1) Without (2) otherwise,(3) wish (4) suggest,(5) if only (6) as if,课本练习,Reflection time,If the tense of the main clause is different,from that of the if-clause, we can use _.,2. Tell some other cases that can use,unreal conditionals:(1) _;,(2) _;,(3) _; (4),_.,mixed conditionals,otherwise, with,even if, as if, as though, if only,wish, would rather,suggest/suggestion, require/requirement,Practice,1. If I _ to school tomorrow, I _ my lessons now.,A. were to go; would do,B. would go; would do,C. went; did,D. should go; am doing,A,2._ today, he would get there,by Friday.,A. Would he leave,B. Was he leaving,C. Were he to leave,D. If he leaves,3. If it _this afternoon, the,English party would be ruined.,A. rains B. rained,C. will rain D. was raining,C,B,4. Id rather you _ their invitation yesterday.,A. not accept B. wouldnt accept C. didnt accept D. hadnt accepted,5. It is important that you _ sports every.,A. have B. would,C. must have D. will have,C,A,6._ the English examination I would,have gone to the concert last Sunday.,A. In spite of B. But for,C. Because of D. As for,7.Yesterday Jane went away from the discussion, otherwise she _ something she would regret later.,A. had said B. said,C. might D. might have said,B,D,8. Im glad you told me about the match,being cancelled. _ Id have traveled,all the way to London for nothing.,A. Therefore B. Otherwise,C. Besides D. However,9. - I hope you enjoyed your food very,much, sir.,- Yes, not bad. But the chicken _a,little tender.,A. could have been B. can be,C. must be D. should be,B,A,10. _,_ your timely help, we could not have finished the task ahead of time last week.,A. With B. Without,C. But for D. Otherwise,.,11. If anyone _ this way, we would,be caught like rats in a trap.,A. would come B. had come,C. should come D. comes,B,C,12. _ the job on the farm, the older,Men _ find it difficult to get a new job.,A. With; should,B. Without; should,C. Without; would,D. With; would,C,13. If Mr. Smith had realized the danger, he_ more children run out of the classroom.,A. would help,B. would have helped,C. will help,D. had helped,B,If we a table earlier, we couldnt,be standing here in a queue.,have bookedB. booked,C. book D. had booked,【2021北京】,【答案】D,【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据句意：如果,我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里,站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，,用过去完成时态。,高考链接,2. -Do you think George has passed the,driving test,-No. If so, he _ his car to our college,yesterday.,A. would drive B. drove,C. would have driven D. had driven,【2021福建】,【答案】C,【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话乔治已经通过驾照考试，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选C。,3. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.,thought B. would think,C. had thought D. have thought,【2021江苏】,【答案】C,【解析】考察虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。,你对她提议我们周末外出玩耍是怎么想的？,What do you think about her,suggestion that we should go outing,this weekend,2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很,忙。,He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.,II: Translation.,3. - 如果可能的话你会不会打 给,她？,- 会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭,作业呢。,- Would you have called her up,had it been possible,- Yes, but I were busy doing my,homework.,4. 如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的,话，你现在就不会那么困了。,If you hadnt seen the film that late,last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.,5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同,了。,Without electricity, human life would,be quite different today.,6. 那位年老的妇女要求这个年轻人向她,抱歉。,The old woman demanded the young,man should say sorry to her.,7. 你有啥建议可以帮我们除去家里的苍,蝇？,What do you suggest we should do to,get rid of the flies in the house,Homework,1. Fill in the blanks on page 57 (Part B).,2. Finish the exercises on page 125 in the workbook.,Thank you !,
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