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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,时态,时态,时态,时态,常见八种时态,一般,现在,过去,现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式,过去时:谓语用动词的过去式,将来时:,will,/ be going to +,动词原形,进展时:am / is /are +动词的现在分词,完成时,:,have,/ has +,动词的过去分词,进展时:were / was +动词的现在分词,完成时,:,had +,动词的过去分词,将来时,:,would,或,was / were going to +,动词原形,时态,1,一般现在时,根本用法:,(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;,He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。,(2)表示现在的情况或状态;,He is a teacher. 他是个教师。,(3)表示客观事实和普遍真理。,The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。,构成形式:,am/is/are,或实义动词的原形,(,主语是第三人称单数时,,动词要用第三人称单数形式,),。,时态,与一般现在时连用的时间状语有:,always,,,often,,,usually,,,sometimes,,,once a week,,,every day,等。,动词第三人称单数形式的构成:,一般动词在词尾,直接加,s,,如,lives,,,works,等。,以,s,,,x,,,sh,,,ch,,,o,结尾的,,加,es,,如,goes,,,does, washes, passes,等。,以,辅音字母,y,结尾,的,把,y,变为,i,,再,加,es,,如,flyflies,,,studystudies,,,worryworries,;以,元音字母,y,结尾,的,直接,加,s,,如,enjoyenjoys,,,playplays,。,特殊情况:,havehas,,,am/areis,时态,MidAutumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.,中秋节通常都在每年的九月或十月。,考察热点:如果主句为一般将来时,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句和when,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。,What about going climbing if it doesnt rain tomorrow,如果明天不下雨,去爬山怎么样?,时态,2,一般过去时,(1),概念:表示过去发生的动作,存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。,(2)构成形式:,肯定式:be(was,were);行为动词(过去式),否认式:was/werenot;行为动词didnt动词原形,疑问式:was/were主语其他;行为动词did主语动词原形,(3)动词过去式的变化:,动词过去式有规那么变化和不规那么变化两种情况,不规那么变化应特别记忆。规那么变化有如下形式:,一般在动词后直接加,ed,。如:,climbed,,,worked,,,asked,等。,时态,以,e,结尾的动词在后面直接加,d,。如:,lived,,,described,,,agreed,等。,以辅音字母,y,结尾的,先把,y,变为,i,再加,ed,。如:,crycried,,,copycopied,,,trytried,等。以元音字母,y,结尾的,直接加,ed,。如,enjoyenjoyed,,,playplayed,等。,以重读闭音节结尾的单词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,那么先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopstopped,planplanned,preferpreferred等。,(4),与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:,ago,,,yesterday,,,last week,,,the day before yesterday, long long ago, once upon a time,等。,时态,(5),一般过去时的用法:,表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。,I bought the book last week.,我上周买的这本书。,表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常与,always,,,usually,,,often, never,,,sometimes,等连用,(,过去常常做某事也可用,used to do sth.,来表示,),。,since,从句常用一般过去时。,It is ten years since I came here.,自从我来这已经有十年了。,时态,3,一般将来时,(1)概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、方案或准备要做的事。,(2)构成形式:“will/shall动词原形或“am/is/are going to动词原形。,(3),与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:,tomorrow,,,next week,,,in,一段时间等。,(4)当主语是第一人称I或we时,问句中一般用shall,表示征求对方的意见。,When shall we finish homework,我们应该什么时候完成作业?,时态,(5)be going tov.(动词原形)表示方案、打算做某事,表示已决定的,很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象说明要发生的事。,Look at the clouds,there is going to be a storm.,看那些云,将会有暴风雨。,(6)以下几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来,而不可用be going to构造。,表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。,Will you please lend me your pen,请把你的钢笔借我用一下,好吗?,表示意愿时。,时态,We will help him if he asks us.,如果他愿意,我们会帮助他。,表单纯性的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。,The sun will set at 7,:,30 this afternoon.,太阳会在下午,7,:,30,落下。,(7)当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,I will call you as soon as I get there.,我一到那就给你打 。,(8)位移词的进展时表将来。,时态,(9)there be构造的一般将来时为there will be/there is going to be。,一般将来时的根本构造为“will/shall动词原形,表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。,be about to do 构造表示客观、马上就要发生的事,一般不与具体的时间状语连用。,be going to 构造表示必然或很可能发生的事情;be to do构造表示按职责、义务和要求必须去做或即将发生的动作。,(10),will/shall, be about to do,与,be going to,的区别,。,时态,4现在进展时,(1),概念:表示现在或现阶段正在发生或持续的动作。,(2),构成形式:,am/is/are,动词的,ing,形式。,(3)与现在进展时连用的时间状语及提示语有:now,these days, right now, at present, at this moment,look,listen等。,(4)当时间状语为now,these days等时或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,cant you see之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进展时。但应注意以下这些动词一般不用于现在进展时态的句子中:,表示感觉的动词。如:see,hear等。,表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如:like,love等。,表示希望的动词。如:want,would like等。,时态,表示状态的动词。如:,be,等。,表示归属的动词。如:,have,等。,表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如:,know,,,think,等。,时态,5,现在完成时,(1)概念:,表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,表示从过去某时开场一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,(2),构成形式:,have/has,动词的过去分词。,(3),与现在完成时连用的时间状语有,for a long time,,,recently,,,yet,,,lately,,,ever,,,never,,,already,,,since,,,by this time,,,before,,,just,,,in the past/last few years,,,since,过去的时间点,,since,时间段,ago,,,since,从句,(,一般过去时,),。,时态,(4),现在完成时与表示一段时间的,for,短语、,since,短语或从句等连用时,应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性的,而不能是非延续性动词,如:,comebe here,,,gobe there,,,diebe dead,,,borrowkeep,,,buyhave,,,joinbe in,,,leavebe away,,,begin to studystudy,等。,(5)have been to,have gone to,have been in 的用法区别:,have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在该地;have gone to那么表示“已去了某地,说话时不在说话地点,或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久,后面跟副词时不用in。,时态,Where is Mrs Smith 史密斯夫人在哪?,She isnt here.She_has_gone to England.,她不在这。她去了英国。,(6),现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:,现在完成时强调过去某一动作与现在的关系,对现在造成的影响、结果等,不与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示与现在的关系,可与表示过去的时间状语连用。,时态,6过去进展时,(1)概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进展的动作。,(2),构成形式:,was/were,动词的,ing,形式,表示往返、位移的动词的过去进展时常可用来表示过去将来时。,We wanted to tell her that the train was_leaving an hour later.,我们想告诉她火车将在一小时后开。,注意区别:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间“发生了的动作或“存在了的状态,而过去进展时那么强调在过去某一时刻或某一段时间“正在进展的动作。,时态,Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.,玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(说明信写完了),Mary was_writing a letter to her friend last night.,玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。(只说明“一直在写,不清楚“是否写完,也许信还没有写完),(3)常与过去进展时连用的时间状语有两类:一类是表过去的“某点时间,如:at that time,this time,last week,“when he came in类时间状语从句等;另一类是表过去的“某段时间,如yesterday morning等。,What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning,时态,上周日上午九点钟你在干什么?,While John was walking to school,,,he saw a cat in a tree.,当约翰步行上学时,他看见一只猫在一棵树上。,时态,7,过去完成时,(1)过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。它表示动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去,常用“助动词had过去分词构成。,By the time she got up,her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 她起床的时候,她的弟弟就已经进了盥洗室。,(2)过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间参照点不同:过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的时间;现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在。因此现在完成时中的很多规那么,也适用于过去完成时。,When I got to the cinema, the film had_been_on.,当我到达电影院时,电影已经开场了。,时态,(3),常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:,by (the end of),过去的时间,,for,时间段,,since,时间点,,when,引导的时间状语从句,(,从句中谓语动词用过去时,),等。,By the end of the match,they had_kicked two goals and we had kicked four.,到比赛完毕时,他们已踢进两个球,我们进了四个球。,时态,8,过去将来时,(1),概念:过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来。,(3)根本构造:,肯定形式:was/were going todo;should/woulddo,否认形式:was/werenotgoing todo;should/wouldnotdo,疑问形式:was或were放在主语前;should/would提到主语前。,过去将来时经常用在间接引语、宾语从句中。,Jim asked Lucy if she would buy the new book.,吉姆问露西她是否要买那本新书。,(2),与过去将来时连用的时间状语:,the next day (morning,,,year.),,,the following month(week.),等。,时态,自我检测,1.Amy, I called you yesterday evening,but nobody answered the phone.,Oh, I _ a walk with my mother at that time.,Atake BtookCam taking Dwas taking,2.When _you _reading Jane Eyre,Its hard to say.Im busy recently.,Adid;finish Bhave;finishedCwill;finish Ddo;finish,3.Alan,its late.Why not go to bed,Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _for her.,Awaited Bhave waitedCam waiting Dwas waiting,时态,4.Our math teacher _in our school for 20 years and he _here when he was 23 years old.,A,has taught,;,has come B,taught,;,comes,C,taught,;,came D,has taught,;,came,5.There _a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.,A,is going to be B,will haveC,are going to be D,is going to have,6.The population of the world _still _now.,A,will,;,grow B,has,;,grownC,is,;,growing D,is,;,grown,7.Yesterday evening,,,I _along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.,A,walk B,walkedC,was walking D,am walking,时态,8.If it had been fine yesterday,we could have watched that air show.But it _all day.,Ahas rained Bhad rainedCrained Drains,9.How was your trip to Hangzhou,Jim,Great! We _to Xixi National Wetland Park.,Ago Bam goingCwill go Dwent,10.Ive got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.,Cool! How_you _it,Ahad;got Bdid;getCwere;getting Dwill;get,11.Mary isnt here at the moment.She _later.,Acomes Bcame Chas come Dis coming,时态,12.Im now in New York with my friend Jenny.We _by plane on Monday.,A,arrive B,arrivedC,are arriving D,will arrive,13.Please turn off the TV.The baby _.,OK.Ill go out for a walk.,A,sleeps B,sleptC,is sleeping D,was sleeping,14.My sister wants a new dress.She _it to the party.,A,wears B,has wornC,wore D,is going to wear,15.I_my homework,,,I guess I cant join you.,A,dont finish B,didnt finish,C,havent finished D,wont finish,时态,Thank you,!,
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