资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 3 Conversion,英语多用名词表示动作与行为，叙述呈静态（,static,），汉语多用动词，叙述呈动态（,dynamic,）。,英语的静态倾向,1.,用名词表达原来属于动词、形容词甚至副词所表达的概念。,E.g.1)The effect of the overuse of nouns in writing is the placing of too much strain upon the verbs and the resultant prevention of movement of the thought.,2)One who overuses nouns in writing places too much strain upon the verbs and as a result prevents the thought from moving along.,写作时过分使用名词，势必给动词增加太多的负担，因而阻碍思路畅通。,2.,用名词表示施事者，以代替动词,E.g He is a hard worker.,他工作很努力。,3.,名词优势造成介词优势,E.g.He has someone behind him.,有人给他撑腰。,He is at his books.,他在读书。,4.,动词的弱化与虚化,常用,be,动词,由“,it”,或“,there”,与“,be”,构成的句式,更具静态意味,.,E.g.1)There was a tropical storm off the east coast of Florida.,佛罗里达东海岸有一场热带风暴。,2)A tropical storm lashed the east coast of Florida.,一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸。,此外，英语还常常把动词转化或派生成名词置于虚化动词（,have,，,make,，,take,，,do,）之后作宾语，使其缺乏动态感。,E.g.1)After he had a quarrel with his boss, Jack quit.,2)After he quarreled with his boss, Jack quit.,杰克与老板争吵之后便辞职了。,1.,动词连用是汉语常用的现象，构成各种各样的多动词谓语句。,E.g.,张三,打算进,城,买,驴,推,磨,做,豆腐,挣,钱,娶,媳妇。,Zhang San,decided,to,go,to the market to,buy,a donkey, which would then,help,him,make,bean curd by,turning,the mill so that he could,earn,enough money to,get,a wife.,你去教室叫他回来。,Go to the classroom and call him back.,2.,动词词组可以充当汉语句子的各种成分。,E.g.,实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。,To translate ideals into reality needs hard work.,他不停地来回走着，激动得说不出话来。,He Kept on walking back and forth , being too excited to say a single word.,3.,汉语动词常常重复或重叠,E.g.,来的来，去的去。,Some come here and others go away.,说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。,Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.,词类转译（英译汉）,由于英汉语言的不同特点，英汉互译过程往往是静态动态相互转换的过程。,1.名词、形容词、副词和介词短语译为动词,1),名词译为动词,He is the murderer of his boss.,他谋杀了老板。,He has been the ruler of the region for as long a,s,twenty years.,他统治那个地区长达,20,年之久。,词类转译,It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.,要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。,A better understanding of the molecular structure of living organisms and of their functioning at molecular level gives prospects for entirely new possibilities.,更好地了解生物体的分子结构及其在分子水平的功能，将为崭新的前景提供希望。,词类转译,2,）,形容词译为动词,This program was not popular with all of the troops.,并不是军队里所有的人都喜欢这个计划。,He is content with such kind of life.,他满足于这样的生活,。,John is quite familiar with the machine.,约翰十分熟悉这台机器的性能。,词类转译,He was an able and a successful one.,他为人能干，事业成功。,His ill health has been a very anxious business.,他身体不好令人十分担忧。,I am quite ignorant of what they intend to do.,我的确不知道他们打算干什么。,You shouldnt be sensitive about ones clothing.,你不要太注重衣着了。,词类转译,3,）副词译为动词,We must be off now.,我们得走了。,The performance is on.,演出已经开始了。,Their experiment has been over.,他们的实验已经结束了。,I saw you out with a boy yesterday.,昨天我看见你和一个男孩上街了。,词类转译,4,）,介词译为动词,Dinner is on me.,这顿饭我请。,The FBI is after me for fraud.,因为诈骗，联邦调查局正在追捕我。,It is beyond me why they ever got married at all.,我不明白他们当初为什么要结婚。,2.译为名词,The products of this factory,are chiefly characterized,by their fine workmanship and durability.,该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用,。,This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high- energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.,这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业难以以高能量消耗这种美国耕作形式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。,Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.,当然，企业管理人员要想做出明智的决策，就必须懂得数学。,3.译为形容词,We found difficulty in solving this,complicated problem.,我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是,很困难,的。,I suppose boys think differently from girls.,我想男孩和女孩的思维方式,是,不同,的。,4.译为副词,He was a regular visitor.,他以前经常来,。,I had the fortune to meet him.,我幸运地见到了他。,I succeeded in persuading him.,我成功地说服了他,。,5.句子成分的转换,Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.,成千上万的观众目瞪口呆，心怦怦直跳 (定语转为谓语),The ocean was filled with turtles and fish.海洋里鱼鳖成群，张网可得(主语转为状语，宾语转为主语),The earth has the shape of a spheroid.,地球的形状是椭圆形的。（宾语转为主语）,With the introduction of the new method, the products decreased in cost.,引进了新方法，产品的成本降低了。（介宾转为主语）,Matter is anything that occupies space.,凡占有空间的都是物质。（表语转为主语）,Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.,各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。（主语转为定语）,Hydrogen is found in many compounds.,许多化合物中都有氢。（主语转为宾语）,Its limited thickness and youthful age are other discoveries.,它厚度有限，年代短，这是另外两个发现。（定语转为谓语）,The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.,分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。（状语转为补语）,Physical changes do not result in formation of new substances ,nor do they involves a change in composition.,物理变化不生成新物质，也不改变物质的成分。（宾语转为谓语）,词类转译（汉译英）,1,）汉语动词译为英语名词,你必须好好地照顾病人。,You must take good care of the patient.,他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。,In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.,一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。,All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.,词类转译,2),汉语的动词译为英语形容词（表知觉、情感等心理状态的动词）,获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。,We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.,我为他的健康担忧。,I am anxious about his health.,我们绝不满足于现有的成就。,We are not content with our present achievements.,词类转译,3),汉语的动词译为英语的介词或介词短语,“那么怎么办呢？孩子们都上一个学堂。”,“,Well, what is to be done?the children are in the same school.”,我们全体赞成他的建议。,We were all in favor of his suggestion.,他们不顾一切困难，挫折，坚持战斗。,They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.,词类转译,4）汉语的形容词或副词译为英语的名词,朱延年用,热情的,款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。,Zhu Yannian covered up his embarrassment with the,enthusiasm,of his hospitality.,街中的一切逐渐消失在,灰暗的,暮色里。,Everything was gradually disappearing into a pall of,gray,.,空气是这样的清香，使人胸脯里感到分外,凉爽、舒畅。,The air was fresh and fragrant;it gave people a feeling of exceptional,coolness,and comfort.,英译汉练习,I.pay attention to conversion of parts of speech in translating the following sentences,.,1.I marveled at the relentless,determination,of the rain.,2.For doctors, the computer is a far more careful and industrious,inspector,than human beings.,3.The report should be,before,the boss tonight.,4.He was old now, and,full of,the wisdom of one who is born to the sea.,5.They were news,hungry,.,6.he said that the meeting was,informative,.,7.They argue that regimes,come and go, that political issues are always transient, that the Olympic spirit is transcendent.,8.He was,motivated,by a desire to reach a compromise.,9.In Europe, his name was well-known, if not a household,word,.,10. As the war went on, there was increased,demoralization,among the soldiers.,英译汉练习,II.Translate the following article into Chinese.,In,international trade, sometimes it,s,eems necessary for the importer to arrange,with,his bank to cable the money,to,the exporter or,to,the exporters bank. This, the bank is able to do by sending their correspondent a coded message,by,cable or wireless, authenticated,by,a secret cypher known only,to,himself and that correspondent, ordering the payment of the amount of money,to,the named exporter, or,to,that exporters bank for,payment,i,nto,his banking account. This method is called,for,short, “T/T”.,汉译英练习,一、把下面的句子翻译成英语,1.,请把这句话确切地,翻译,出来。,2.,现在他们真是,快乐,到了极点。,3.,这姑娘,兴高采烈,地对他们说她带来了好消息。,4.,他去小店,买,一瓶酒。,5.,她对他们越来越,憎恨,。,6.,他,酷爱,古典音乐。,7.,他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟,作出决定,。,8.,他们教导我们要,珍惜,每一个机会。,9.,十一点时，他已,睡,在被窝里了。,10.,他妹妹老是,说谎,。,汉译英练习,二、把下面的一段话翻译成英语。,从岗位上退了下来，生活环境和心理状态都发生了变化。老实说，最快慰的事莫过于不再纠缠在人际关系中。可以无须乎观察上峰的脸色行事，再也用不着在同僚的摩擦中周旋，更不必防范别人的暗算，从名缰利锁中挣脱开来，精神顿时宽松了。,（杨大辛,从心所欲析,）,
展开阅读全文