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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lesson 33,Out of the darkness,darkness n.黑暗,explain v. 解释，说明,coast n.海岸,storm n. 暴风雨,towards prep. 朝，向，接近,rock n. 岩石,shore n. 海岸,light n. 灯光,ahead adv. 在前面,cliff n. 峭壁,struggle v. 挣扎,hospital n. 医院,New words and expressinos,darkness n. 黑暗；暗,out of the,darkness,冲出黑暗,We couldnt see the houses,in the darkness,.,The room was,in darkness.,房间一片漆黑,dark (黑暗的)+,ness,(名词后缀)=,darkness,careful(细心的)+,ness,=,carefulness,(仔细),good+,ness,=,goodness,(仁慈), explain vt解释,辩白,The girl was able to explain what had happened,The manager explained to the customer why the goods were late.,Explain what this word means.,Can you explain why you were late？,explain away 搪塞过失,疑心,explain oneself 说明自己的意思，为自己辩白,explain sth as sth 把解释为,explaination n.说明解释,You must give me an explanation.,辨析：explain interpret,都含有“解释的意思,explain 指解释不明之事，,interpret侧重用特殊的知识，信念，判断，了解去说明特别难懂的事情,1He is explaining how a machine operates.,2How do you explain this poem？, coast n. 海岸,She set out from a coast. 他从海岸出发,辨析：,coast 邻近海的比较宽阔或狭长的地域,We live on the coast,shore湖或者海的边缘或水边的狭长陆地,比coast范围小,She swam to the shore.,beachshore的倾斜局部往往在涨潮时候被漫过,The little beach hotel has a pleasant environment., storm n. 暴风(雨),搭配： be caught in a storm 遭遇暴风雨,storm in a teacup 小题大做 take by storm 突然巧夺,1在暴风雨中横渡海峡,cross the Channel in a storm,2一阵弹雨,a storm of bullets(子弹),3一阵暴风雨般的掌声,a storm of applause,4我们应该经风雨，见世面,We ought to face the world and brave the storm.,5雨过天晴，否极泰来,After a storm comes a calm.,联想：,a rainstorm 暴风雨 a snowstorm 暴风雪,a duststorm 沙尘暴,towards prep. 向, 朝, 接近,We have to try hard,towards,success.,我们要努力朝成功前进,He is walking,towards,here.,他正朝这边走来。,rock n. 岩石,礁石;摇滚乐;摇摆 v, 摇摆;震惊,n.岩石，大石头,The house is built on,a rock,Mountains are made of rock.,climb up a rock爬上岩石,v.摇摆 震动,当我走到船的一边时，船摇晃了,When I stepped onto the side of the boat，,it rocked.,rock a baby to sleep / rock a baby asleep,摇婴儿睡觉,Our boat rocked to and from on the waves.,The Presidents death,rocked,the nation.,prezd()nt,总统的死震动了全国,搭配：,as firm as a rock 屹立不动的，值得信赖的,rock the boat 破坏团体的合作,light n. 灯光，光线灯,n. 光 引火物 为人所知的情况 方面，见解,白天太阳给我们光亮,The sun gives us,light,during the day.,能借个火吗？,Can you give me,a light,，please？,Please,turn on the light,. 请开灯,light tower,灯塔,From the TV tower, we can see the lights of Beijing.,从电视塔上，我们可以看到北京的万家灯火。,To look at the matter in,a new light,以新见解看这个问题,light v. 点亮，点灯，点火,light,a cigarette 点燃一支烟,You,light up,my life. 你照亮了我的一生,light adj. 轻的，温柔的=gentle, ahead adv. 在前面, 放在被修饰词的后面作定语, 定语后置,There is a light ahead 前方的灯光,Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.,一直朝前走到河边,Full speed ahead！全速前进, ahead of 在前面,He went ahead of me., go ahead 朝前走；请随便(答复请求时用),-Would you mind my using your phone,/ Can I use your telephone,-Ok, go ahead.,-Can I smoke here,-Go ahead. /Sorry, youd better not.,cliff,n.悬崖,eg：站在悬崖上,stand on,the edge of,a cliff, struggle n. v. 斗争，挣扎,1) v斗争,struggle with sb / fight with sb和打斗,The landlord struggled with the thief.,struggle for sth 为斗争，努力,struggle against sth 反对而斗争,fight for freedom /struggle for freedom为自由而战,The people are struggling for freedom.,Chinese people struggle against Japanese for eight years.,2)v挣扎，困难的前进,She struggled up the cliff她困难的爬上悬崖。,The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out.,3) n挣扎，手脚乱动，奋斗,Don t give up without a struggle.,搭配： struggle against/with 与做斗争,struggle along 挣扎着生活下去,struggle for 为了而斗争,struggle on 拼命活下去，继续努力, hospital n. 医院,field hospital 战地医院,be in hospital 住院,go to hospital & go to the hospital,去住院 & 去医院,+the 只表示地点,in hospital & in the hospital,在住院&在医院,hospitality nu殷勤招待，厚待hspitliti,give hospitality to a person,show hospitality to a person款待某人,Nearly a week,passed,before the girl,was able to,explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she,set out,from the coast in a small boat and was,caught in,a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.,During that time,she,covered,a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light,ahead,. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.,On arriving,at the shore, the girl,struggled up,the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she,woke up,a day later, she,found,herself in hospital.,几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇.,一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。,天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。,她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。,在那段时间里，她游了8英里。,第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。,到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。,她所记得的就是这些。,第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。,1.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.,He passed my house this morning.,Past past不是动词，它可以用作介词、形容词、副词和名词：,He walked past my house. (介词),He told me about his past experience. (形容词),He seems似乎 to live in the past. (名词),be able to and Can,can表示总的能力或客观存在的能力，而be able to 表示的是特定的、具体的能力，强调不仅具备了某种能力，而且还实际做到了或将会做到。,He could walk forty miles a day in the past.,(具备这种能力，但不一定实际去做。),He was able to walk forty miles a day last year.,不仅具有这种能力，而且实际做了。,We will be able to finish the work next month.,You might be able to persuade him. pswed 说服,2. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.,set off 出发，使爆炸,Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.,这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。,set to 动手干, 认真开场干,Having enough data in hand, we can set to work.,手头有足够的资料我们可以开场工作了。,set about 开场, 着手,He set about learning Chinese at age ten.,be caught in往往是指遇上“灾难、困难。,I was caught in a snowstorm.,3. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.,towards & to的区别,Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards / to a passing boat .,上句可知，towards和to都有朝什么方向去的意思，但towards可以表示时间，含义为 “接近 或 “将近，而 to 并无此含义,如文中的 towards evening,4. Then she swam to the,shore,after,spending,the whole night in the water.,Shore ：,是这三个词中最普通的一个，可指湖、海等的,the western shore of the Pacific 太平洋西岸,Bank,：河岸,Some children were playing games on the bank,Coast,：海岸，通常特指与海洋相接的整个一长条陆地；还常与地图、气候及海防有关,China has a very long coast. 中国的海岸很长。,Coast guard 海岸警卫队,5. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.,during that time 是一般过去时的标志词,During that time she was responsible for typewriting. 在那段时间里，她负责打字.,cover vt.覆盖;采访,报导;涉及;包括 vi.代替;覆盖,n.盖子,覆盖物;(书等的)封面;隐蔽,遮蔽;(保险公司的)保险,不管是“游过，还是“飞过，还是“爬过等等，都可以用“cover覆盖来表示,the bird covered three miles in three minutes.,The front cover of the novel has been torn off.,6. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.,Go ahead of her.动态走在她的前面,She sits in front of me.静态 她坐在我前面。,ahead of time 事先,Can you tell me ahead of time if youre coming,go ahead,Go ahead and do what you like.,去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。,7. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the,cliffs,.,那人跳下悬崖自杀。,The man committed suicide by jumping off the cliff.,8. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.,on+doing相当于as soon as,On hearing the news, she fainted.,= When she heard the news, she faint .,On arriving home, it began to rain.,When she arrived home,it began to rain.,如果是两个不同的主语，那么不能使用“on + 动名词的构造 ！,struggle vi努力，斗争 n. 努力，斗争,他努力控制住自己的脾气。,He struggled to control his temper.,在打斗中，有几个人受伤。,Several people were hurt in the struggle.,9. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.,she found herself in hospital.,主 谓 宾 宾补,I find myself stupid 我发现自己很笨。,I found the film boring 我发现这部电影很枯燥。,I found him dishonesty 我发现他不老实。,We found him a liar 我们发现他是个大骗子。,He is finding the trip very exciting.,他发现旅途非常刺激。,关键句型Key structures,表方向介词：,to，from， into，out of， for， towards，at等与动词的搭配问题。,to and from,from door to door 挨家挨户,from cover to cover 从头读到尾,from beginning to end 从头到尾,from hand to mouth 所挣的钱仅够糊口,He flew to Washington last night.,He will be flying from Washington to Chicago on Wednesday.,他在昨天晚上飞往华盛顿。他将于周三从华盛顿飞往芝加哥。,into and out of,1)into:,entrance 进入,in: position 在.里在.地方,2) out of:,exit 离开，出去,Where is Carol,She has just gone into the kitchen.,Where did you throw that piece of paper,I threw it out of the window.,for,for:,the destination,for,journey 一个旅途的目的地,We set out,for,the village at six o clock next morning.,我们第二天早上6点出发去那个村庄。,George has left,for,Scotland.,乔治己动身去苏格兰了。,leave somewhere离开某地,leave,for,somewhere离开去某地,towards,towards:,The car came,towards,me,车朝我开来了。,She swam,towards,the shore,她朝岸边游了过去。,She swam to the shore,她游到到了岸边。,at,at 放某些动词后含有“不礼貌“攻击性的含义。,She threw the ball to me,她把球扔给了我。,The boy threw a stone at the dog.,这个男孩拿石头砸向了狗。,Don t shout at others 不要对别人大喊大叫。,It is so noisy that we have to shout to each other.,这里太吵了，以至我们不得不喊着说话。,It is rude to point at people,用手指着别人是不礼貌的。,用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词(也被称为小品词),(1)表示“上、“下的两对小品词是on和off，up和down：,Jims standing on the roof. I hope he wont fall off.,吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。,Toms climbing up the tree. I hope he wont fall down.,汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。,表示“来、“去 的一对小品词是from和to、towards的意义与to相近，表示“朝、“向、“接近等;for在有些动词后面也表示“往、“向的意思：,He came from Moscow. Hes going to New York.,他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。,He went towards the shop quickly.,他快速地向商店走去。,He left/ set out for New York yesterday.,他昨天动身去纽约了。,(3)表示“进去、“出来“这两种方向的介词为into和out of;表示“在某个地方或“在里面/外面可用 at，in，out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at：,When did you come into the restaurant,你什么时候进的餐馆,We arrived in the country on Sunday.,星期天我们到达乡下。(范围大时用in),We arrived at the station in the evening.,晚上我们到达车站。(范围小时用at),(4)表示“穿过等动作时，往往用 through, across, under, over, round等,We plan to travel through Japan (to travel in Japan) this summer.,我们方案这个夏天去日本旅游,Go across the brige and you will see a red house,过了桥你会看到一座红房子。,I looked back _the girl, who was giving me a smile.,The plane flies Moscow New York.,从莫斯科飞往纽约,We ran the house.从屋里跑出来,You werent the restaurant when I come .,(我进来的时候你不在餐馆。),语法小测,out of,from,to,to,in,in,Special Difficulties,past/passed与next/other的练习：,1. I tried to telephone you the other day. You must have been out. (the other day / the next day),我前几天给你打 ，你出去了。,2. Have you passed your driving test (past / passed),你通过驾驶考试了吗？,3. On the first day all went well. But on the next day there was a storm. (next / other),第一天还是一切正常，但是第二天就有暴风雨。,4. The crowd cheered as the soldiers marched past. (past / passed),当士兵队伍经过的时候，人群欢呼雀跃。,Thank you!,See you next time!,
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