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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,浅析英语答题数据 直击备考策略,关键词,命题原则,试题特征,答题数据,试题浅析,备考策略,命题原则：一点四面,立德树人,核心价值,传统文化,依法治国,创新精神,“,考查综合语言运用能力，落实立德树人根本任务”（中国考试，,2016,年第七期）,一是突出考试育人功能，通过选材和题目设置落实立德树人任务；,二是强调以语篇为基础，结合具体语境深入考查考生的综合语言运用能力。,两个基本特征,弘扬中华优秀文明， 引导树立民族自信,选材 （语法填空）,有关成都熊猫基地的文章 （,I,卷）,一位来自英国的记者讲述了自己与,国宝熊猫的不懈之缘,从侧面反,映出我国在生态资源保护方面,的突出成就,弘扬中华优秀文明， 引导树立民族自信,选材 （语法填空）,筷子的演化历史 （,III,卷）,体现了中华民族祖先的智,慧和文明对亚洲乃至世,界的广泛影响,渗透中外文化知识， 助力文化品格培养,“,美国社会对老人帮忙带孩子现象的反应,”,的报道作为素材，展现美国的变化中的家庭文化。,“,沉默在不同国家文化中的含义和用途,”,考查考生理解中外文化差异的能力。,从语篇层次考查语法,注重考查考生的精细阅读能力和准,确运用语法的能力。,书面表达 ，真实任务写作,突出交际目的的达成,突出行文逻辑的连贯,突出英语表达的得体,我们的思考,如何把握命题方向？,如何做到有效复习？,选择什么样的语篇？,几组数据,省平均分,优秀率,主观题得分,文科平均分,理科平均分,文理平均分,难度系数,2016,76.68,87.31,84.26,0.56,2015,80.83,90.32,86.53,0.57,-3.15,-3.01,-2.27,表一,2016,与,2015,年湖南省英语平均分对照,表二,2016,与,2015,年湖南省英语成绩优秀率对照,文科,理科,文理科,2016,1.33%,2.37%,1.97%,2015,2.18%,3.95%,3.25%,表三 主观题得分情况,语法填空,改错,作文,61-70,3.7,13.49,7.38,（含,0,分）,9.26,（不含,0,分）,4.6,14.33,我们的发现,高分人数少了，少多了,主观题增分空间还很大,听力相关数据,考核内容,考核目标,考核内容,1,）,以,言内信息,为主（,分），,也涉与,言外信息,（,分）；,2,）,答案涉与,层,面以,句子,为主（,分），,兼顾,句群,（,分）与,语篇,（,6,分）；,3,）答案涉与范围以,细节,为主（,27,分），兼顾,主旨,（,3,分）；,4,）,答案与原文表述的关系：以,显性,为主（,分），,隐性,为辅（,分）。,考核目标,1,）获取信息,类型以,识别,（,12,分）和,推理,为主（,12,分），兼顾,归纳,（,6,分）；,2,）获取信息方式：以,直接,为主（,18,分），,间接,为辅（,12,）,听力有一定难度，源于以下几个因素：,考查了言外信息（分）；,在答案涉与层面上，句群和语篇层面（分）与句子层面（分）几乎平分秋色。,在答案与原文表述的关系上，隐性占分。,在获取信息类型方面，推理和归纳占,18,分，多于识别（,12,分）。,在信息获取方式上，间接占,12,分，几乎为一半。,应对策略,全面涵盖话题,诊断听能障碍,选择仿真练习,训练听能技巧,强化训练第一节,突破语篇,4,小题,主要测试具体细节和主旨大意的识别、推理和归纳等；试题表述隐蔽性大（,26,分），而获取信息的方式以间接为主（,26,分），致使试题难度较大。,阅读理解,阅读理解难度大的几道题,21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32,用英语解释、转述、替代、提炼与归纳的能力，对词汇的要求也高。,21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?,note: mention sth because it is important.,be noted for: be famous for,题干表述隐蔽,提炼、归纳,22. What was the reason for O,Connor,s being rejected by the law firm?,C. The discrimination against women.,she couldn,t find work at a law firm because she was a woman.,提炼、归纳,24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?,C. They are pioneers.,Addams became,the first,American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.,If it,werent for,Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.,When Sandra Day OConnor.She became an Arizona state senator(,参议员,) and ,in 1981,the first,woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.,But it also,set off,the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and,kicked off,the civil-rights movement.,pioneers,提炼、归纳,25. Why was Garza,s move a success?,A. It strengthened her family ties.,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.,提炼、归纳,26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson,s decision?,D. The majority thought it was a trend.,Two -thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama,s family.,提炼、归纳,28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?,A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.(,表述隐蔽,),Moving is not for everyone,.but sometimes it is wiser to say no,but giving up the life you know may be harder.,完形填空,2016,完形填空获取信息的方式,识别,推理,归纳,4,13,3,句子,句群,篇章,5,12,3,词汇衔接,语法衔接,复现,同现,时间,转折,5,11,2,1,增补,1,衔接手段,2016,完形究竟难在哪？,话题词汇,?,语用能力,?,词汇意义,?,语境意识,?,语篇理解？,话题熟，情节简单，认知要求低，短文的意义一看就懂，而选项中的,80,个语汇除了极个别外，基本上是一些小词，因此显得容易。,貌似容易,其实不易,local,层次的少，,global,层次的多,我成长于缅因州的一个小镇，不久前，村里的一位男士在,3,年的时间里分别,“,marry,”,了,3,位不同的女士。他既没有和任何一位女士离婚，,3,位女士也都尚在人间，这位男士也并没有违法。为什么会这样？,轻松时刻,我们太多关注了,“,marry,”,的主要释义，即,“,与某人结婚,”,，而遗漏了另一种释义，即,“,为某人主持婚礼,”,。这就是僵化知识。,注意一词多义,41. travel (to go or move at a particular speed, in a particular direction,),行进,46. disabled (sth be made unable to work so that it cannot be used),使无效，使不能运转,其实不易：基于,global,层面，基于语用,51. approach (to come near to sb/sth in distance or time),靠近，接近,52. still (not moving; calm and quiet),56. back v.(move backwards),59. for certain /for sure (without doubt),60. efforts (attempts to do sth especially when it is very difficult to do),其实不易：基于,global,层面，基于语用,其实不易,需依靠语境（,context,）,或百科知识,(,话题,),的多,41. walk, travel,与,rush,42. passengers,与,customers,44. another,与,that,45. flames,与,smoke,46. disabled,与,abandon,其实不易：基于语境、话题（语义场）、语用 和常识,47. get hold of,与,prepare,48. come down,与,come over,52. quiet, still,与,calm,54. explode,与,crash,56. step forward,与,back off,60. skills,与,efforts,其实不易：基于语境、话题（语义场）,、语用和常识,完形备考策略,词汇复习,语篇意识,逻辑思维,词汇衔接,词汇复习,除掌握考标词汇的基本意义之外,还要同时注重同义词、一词多义和各种派生词即中学生应该掌握的各种构词法知识，运用构词法知识推断更多新词的意义。,优化词汇复习的方法，重视在语境中复习词汇，在语境中理解词汇意义。（为什么词汇表里的单词没有汉语意思？）,提倡词块复习策略。将词汇语法化即将某个单词与其他单词构成具有语法意义的词组或句子,。,related persons,a heroic(/careless/drunk/injured )driver, passenger, pedestrian, road-user, cyclist, policeman, firefighter, doctor, emergency personnel,A Heroic Driver,话题词汇,/,词块复习,related vehicles,a burning/broken down/disabled/,abandoned/vehicle (car, bus),related action,travel, walk, tour, deliver, pull over, set the brake, crash, roll down, run into, get hold of the fire extinguisher, put out the fire, explode, have lights on, make an emergency call, come over, approach the car, get out of the broken car,calm sb , stay still, don,t move, make efforts to, save one,s life, run away,语境意识训练,依据语境盲填训练法,Many airlines sell cheap tickets. But you must be careful. You need to be sure that you (21),want these tickets before buying them. If changes need to be made it will cost a lot of (22),. The airlines will not (23),any money by selling these cheap tickets. They believe that many people will (24),them. They will sell more (25),now because they cost less money.,（模联小题卷一）,依据语境盲填,In cities all over the world, people go to cafs to relax alone or with friends. But in many (21),in Korea, you can do more than that. You can (22), and play with (23),. The Snoopy Caf is one of them. The dogs there are in(24),around the room. First, you choose a dog. Then it comes out of its cage and you can (25),it.,（模联小题卷二）,词汇衔接,完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，,行文中词语的重复、替代、同现和复现现象是不可避免的。,根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中,同现或复现的相关词,，考生可以依据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。,词汇同现,“,词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场,”,。语义场中词与词之间的语义关系是相互依存的。意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其共同出现的倾向性，叫词汇同现，也有人称之为,“,词场,”,。,词汇同现,Larry works with Transport Drivers,Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was,41,along,165 north after delivering to one of his,42,.,41. A. walking B. touring,C. traveling D. rushing,42. A. passengers B. colleagues,C. employers D. customers,能够与,Transport Drivers,Inc,，,along,165,，,delivering,形成同一个语义场，构成词汇链的词是,traveling,和,customers,词汇复现,词汇的复现关系指的是某一个词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中。,One more look and he noticed,45,shooting out from under the,46,vehicle.,46. A. used,B. disabled,C. removed D. abandoned,They,50,heard a woman,s voice coming from the,wrecked,(,毁坏的,) vehicle.,表三 主观题得分情况,语法填空,改错,作文,61-70,3.7,13.49,7.38,（含,0,分）,9.26,（不含,0,分）,4.6,14.33,语法填空存在的问题,单词拼写错误,officialy, permited,词语搭配不当,include to introduce,时态语态混淆,语用能力欠缺,建构型题型（,constructed-response item formats) CR,题型,需要考生生成答案而非选择或匹配答案,测试语言知识、涉与词法和句法,立足语篇，在语篇中测试语言知识,重视语用能力考查,语法填空题与短文改错,语用能力,语言在具体语境下（语篇为基点）得体的运用。主要表现在词汇、语块、语法知识的实际运用中。,语用的基础既是,“,词汇深层知识,”,，又是基于语篇的知识运用能力。,语用能力的培养必须以语篇为基础。,不论是理解还是表达，都需要以语篇为基础，最终落实到语用上。,语用能力,从词汇到句子到语篇的各个层次的循序学习和贯通学习是形成语用能力的保障。,试题设置,考点设计宜考虑到选择合适的考点进行测试，尽量避免答案过于多元的考点,语法测试应避免引导学生陷入对语法形式的死记硬背而忽视意义表达的语言本体功能,填空，注意时态与语态形式,We have an old musical instrument. It _(call) a clavichord(,翼琴,). It _ (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord _(keep) in the living-room. It _(belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument _( buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it _( damage) by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She _(strike) the keys too hard and two of the strings _(break). My father _(shock). Now we _(not allow) to touch it. It _( repair) by a friend of my fathers now.,专项复习 反复提取,填空，注意时态与语态形式,We have an old musical instrument. It is called (call) a clavichord(,翼琴,). It was made (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept (keep) in the living-room. It has belonged (belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought ( buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged ( damage) by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck (strike) the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken (break). My father was shocked (shock). Now we are not allowed (not allow) to touch it. It is being repairing ( repair) by a friend of my fathers now.,短文改错,句子结构知识,时态语态,形容词与副词,名词与形容词,逻辑关系,语用能力,短文改错,测试语言使用的准确性，在语篇中测试语言基础知识,错误设置为写作中典型性错误,错误应有似乎可能性和避免诡题,(,太隐蔽微妙）,命题素材得语言无误，原始素材无语言错误或瑕疵。,考虑大多数学生的知识层次和知识储备,短文改错考点设置,动词：时态语态、非谓语动词、,主谓一致,方式：错词、多词、缺词,名词：单复数 方式：错词,方式：错词,形容词与副词：混淆,方式：错词,短文改错考点设置,代词：不定代词、关系代词,方式：错词、逻辑错词、多词、少词,连词：并列连词、从属连词,方式：逻辑错词、多词、缺词、,介词、冠词,方式：错词、缺词、多词,训练策略,培养语感：开展形式多样的英语背诵活动,读懂句子：意群、意义与结构,先大量正确的语言输入，到一定时候再进行改错练习。,在不同的语境中以不同的方式重复提取语法知识。指向明确，指明考点。,On Wednesday evening, we go to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people has gathered under the Town Hall clock. It will strike twelve in twenty minutes,time. Fifteen minutes have passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock was stopped. The big minute hand does not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happens. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock have stopped! I looked my watch. It was true. The big clock refused welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sang.,改正下面短文中的动词方面的错误。（时态，语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，搭配等）,On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes,time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.,改正下面短文中的动词方面的错误。（时态，语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，搭配等）,书面表达,假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历,(resume),。给外教,Ms Jenkins,写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式,(format),。,注意：,1.,词数,100,左右；,2.,可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,书面表达,审题错误,遗漏要点,生搬硬套,过分发挥,用词不当,缺少礼貌、委婉,湖南省自主命题时的书面表达测试中所暴露的问题是基础较差的同学，在最基本的句子层面写不出符合英文表达的完整的句子。而全国卷所暴露的问题更多的体现在语篇层面和交际意识上，尤其是语篇层面上语言在交际情景中的得体运用。,书面表达（,2016,）,写作要点：,1,）暑假到外企做兼职；,2,）写好了申请书和简历；,3,）请外教修改。,书面表达,支撑内容：,1,）做暑假工或请外教修改的原因。,2,）功能意念项目,请求、意愿与打算、忧虑、感谢,功能意念语言,I,d like to ask you to help me revise,Would you mind polishing,Would you please help me improve,I,m writing to ask you for help.,I am afraid of,I am afraid that,I am not sure,It,s kind of you to,I would appreciate it if you,I,ll express my sincere thanks to you for,备考建议,重视词汇教学，以语用为着眼点,构建知识体系，提升语言迁移能力,重视阅读分析，提升理解与表达能力,构建立体复习，培养语用能力,重视文化知识，注重跨文化交际的得体性,以语篇为基点，以句子为中心，掌握基本知识,点,（词汇、语块和基础语法），穿点成,线,（句子和各类句型），以线构,面,（词汇、语法专题知识和段落与其知识）、连面成,体,（语篇）,构建知识网络,词汇,+,语法复习,语块（词汇、功能、语境、语音、语法、语义）（词汇,+,语法）,词汇（语音、语义（多义）、拼写、搭配、联想、用法）,语法 （形式、意义、语境、功能）,阅读分析（读得懂）,文体,主旨要义,文章结构,具体信息,长难句,作者的意图、观点和态度,阅读分析,根植于基础语篇知识,构成语篇的要素（话题、语境、语义、语篇衔接手段）,根植于语篇训练,考点针对性训练（信息查询、推理、主旨大意归纳、猜词等）,立体式复习,以词汇为基础、以句子为中心、以语篇为基点、以语用为着眼点、以培养学生英语核心素养为目的的立体式复习架构。,
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