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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,添加页脚,Review of Noun Clauses,名词性从句专题,英语句子,简单句,复合句,并列句,形式：主语,+,谓语,You are students.,The students are taking some classes.,形式：简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句,形式：主句,+,从句,I am really fond of reading books, and that is why my,favorite subject is literature.,What he said is not true.,简单句,简单句就是单句，是英语的句子单元。,基本结构：通常由一个主语和一个谓语构成。,e.g.,You are students.,The students are taking some classes.,并列句,由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连接在一起构成的句子。,基本结构：简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句。,并列连词通常为：,and, but, or, so,，,not onlybut also, neithernor; as well as,等。,并列句：简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句,e.g.,I am really fond of reading books, and that is why my favorite subject is literature.,He wanted to take the English class, but he couldnt afford the time.,Dont take pictures of the exhibits in the museum, or you will get fined.,We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.,_,_,_,and,but,or,so,指并列句、复合句混在一起的句子。,e.g.,I admire Tim,but,he doesnt admire me,although,I try hard to impress him.,My parents are coming tomorrow,but,I hope they wont stay very long,because,I have a date tomorrow evening.,并列,-,复合句,_,_,_,状语从句,状语从句,复合句,定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句,复合句：主句,+,引导词,+,从句,搞定“名词性从句”原来如此简单,The news,surprises me.,He announces,the news,.,主语,宾语,The news,is,a secret,.,I know the book,The Little Prince.,表语,同位语,它,是单词中的劳模，除了谓语和修饰，啥都想演,相关概念,名词在从句中可以做什么成分？,名词在从句中主要做 主语 宾语 表语 同位语,名词性从句,:,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。,换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。,技巧,:,位置判断,KING,SOFT,What kinds of clauses are they?,Your mother thinks,that playing computer games too much is harmful to your eyesight.,Subject,主语,P,redicate,谓语,Object,宾语,宾语从句,We hope,that the COVID-19 will be overcome by we human soon,.,Subject,主语,P,redicate,谓语,Object,宾语,宾语从句,We are proud of what the young 1990s have done in the epidemic.,Subject,主语,P,redicate,谓语,Object,宾语,宾语从句,The question is,when we can return to school.,Subject,主语,Link verb,系动词,Predicative,表语,表语从句,Our best wishes are,that,we can defeat the COVID-19 as soon as possible.,Subject,主语,Link verb,系动词,Predicative,表语,表语从句,What I want to do now,is,to return to school and see my classmates as soon as possible.,Subject,主语,Link verb,系动词,Predicative,表语,主语从句,Its very important,we should wear a mask when we go out.,形式主语,真正主语,主语从句,I have no,idea,why my parents always scold me.,Why,后面引导的从句是对前面名词,idea,的解释说明，他们的内容是一致的。,同位语从句,We were very excited at the,news,that Zhang Weili won the champion in UFC.,that,后面引导的从句是对前面名词,news,的解释说明，他们的内容是一致的。,同位语从句,1.We hope,that,the COVID-19 will be overcome by we human soon,.,2.We are proud of,what,the young 1990s have done in the epidemic.,3.The question is,when,we can return to school,.,4.Our best wishes are,that,we can defeat the COVID-19 as soon as possible,.,5.,What,I want to do now,is to return to school and see my classmates as soon as possible.,6.,It,s very important,that,we should wear a mask when we go out.,7.I have no,idea,why,my parents always scold me.,8.We were very excited at the,news,that,Zhang Weili won the champion in UFC.,主语从句的引导词,连接词：,that, whether, if,连接代词：,what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose,连接副词：,when(ever), where(ver), how, why,步骤一,步骤三,步骤二,首先把主句和从句区分开来,分析从句缺何种成分,根据分析，选择恰当的连词,Lets do Exercises!,what which when why how,1.,The Chinese people are hopeful about _ 2020 will bring for their families and the country.,2.,A childs behavior is most easily influenced by his parents.,True.Thats_ we should set a good example to our kids.,3,.,The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize.,4,.,I dont exactly know _ she is coming this time.,By bicycle, of course.,5,.,He cant tell_ method they will use for the experiment.,what,why,when,how,which,6,.,Please tell me _ poem won the first prize.,8.,We dont know _ will be sent to solve the problem.,9.,My question is _ I can take a day off tomorrow.,1,0,.,I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.,1,1,.,We must face the fact _ we had spent all our money.,that which who whether,which,who,whether,that,that,1. I can see my English teacher makes me happy.,2.That he will be able to come is not yet known.,3.I am interested in that he said.,4.The fact which Polly didn,t ask for the man,s name is a pity.,5.,Who breaks the law will be punished.,二、单句改错,That,Whether,what,that,Whoever,6.I want to know if or not the bus goes to the King,s street.,7.He asked where had I been before I came here.,8.I,ll give you how much money you need.,9.The question has been raised at the meeting that each member country should share the expenses of the committee.,10.The manager decided to give the job to who he believed had a strong sense of duty.,二、单句改错,whether,I had,however,whether,whomever,He didn,t go to the lecture.,It was a pity.,三、合并句子,That he didnt go to the lecture was a pity.,It was a pity that he didnt go the lecture.,We need to discuss the problem.,How can we get enough money?,三、合并句子,We need to discuss the problem how we can get enough money.,Who let out the secret?,This worries us.,三、合并句子,Who let out the secret worries us.,He has a heart disease.,That is because he has been smoking too long.,三、合并句子,The reason why he has a heart disease is that he has been smoking too long.,Can you come back at 8:00 tomorrow?,I want to know it.,三、合并句子,I want to know whether you can come back at 8:00 tomorrow.,名词性从句连接词的选择可从连接词在从句中的作用（即成分）和意义两个方面入手：,考点一 连接词的选择,连接词在从句中作不作成分，如果作成分，是什么成分；,连接词在从句中有无意义，如有意义，是何意义。,1.,that,引导名词性从句,that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，也没有任何意义。,1. Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body. （2019江苏）,A. what B. that C. which D. where,【解析】这是一个复合句。连词引导同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故用that。,2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.,（2016北京）,A. what B. that C. whether D. why,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。句意：雨季最惬意的事情就是人们可以远离尘土。,3. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. （2016天津）,A. whether B. that C. which D. what,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。句意：经理提出一个建议：我们应该聘一个助手。因为有太多的事情要做。,4. It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. （2016江苏）,A. why B. what C. as D. that,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句后置，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。,5. I truly believe _ beauty comes from within. （2015北京）,A. thatB. whereC. whatD. why,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。句意：我确实认为美来自内在。,6It is believed _ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning(2015江苏),Awhy Bhow Cwhen Dthat,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。句意：人们认为，小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。,7. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (2013浙江),A how B that C which D whether,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故用that。,2.,if/whether引导名词性从句,if/whether引导名词性从句时，在从句中,不做成分,，但表示,“是否”之意,。,1. She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt. （2017天津）,A. when B. where C. whether D. what,【解析】引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”，故用whether。句意：她问我把书还给图书馆没有，我承认还没有。,2. It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. (2013陕西),A. that B. which C. what D. whether,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”，故用whether。句意：新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。,3. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there for a short or a long time. (2012湖南),A. why B. howC. whetherD. when,【解析】whether引导主语从句后置，whether在从句中不作成分，表示“是否”。,4. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it. (2011山东),A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. which,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”，故用whether。句意：我们已经给予她这项工作，不过不知道她是否接受。,_ the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions. (2012湖北),A. If B. Which C. That D. Whether,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”，故用whether。句意：这里的大楼是否要推倒仍然有争议，人们仍然在寻找其它可能的解决方法。,注意,if与whether,引导名词性从句的区别：,1.,主语从句置于句首时,，,用whether引导，不用if,。例如：,2. if不能引导,表语从句和同位语从句,。,3.,引导宾语从句时,，,if与whether通常可以互换,，,但在下列情况,只用whether，不用if：,1）从句作介词宾语时；,2）与or not连用时。,It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. (2012天津),A.whether B. how C. if D. when,【解析】连接词引导主语从句后置，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”之意，故用whether。if也可以引导名词性从句，表示“是否”，但不能与or或or not连用。,3.,what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever),等引导名词性从句,What(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever),等引导名词性从句时，在从句中可作,主语、宾语、表语或定语,，并分别表示“（无论）什么/哪一个/谁”等意思。,1. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.（2018北京）,A. howB. which C. thatD. what,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故用what。,2. The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycler.（2018天津）,A. who B. wherever C. whoeverD. whatever,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。,3. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a price in the Kite Festival.（2017北京）,A. whatever B. whoever C. who D. whichever,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。,4. Your support is important to our work.,you can do helps. （2016北京）,A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论什么”，故用whatever。,5. Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. (2014北京),A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论什么”，故用whatever。,Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please?,A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who,【解析】这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。,注意,whoever/whatever,等与,no matter who/what,等的区别：,whoever/whatever,等可引导,名词性从句,，也可引导,状语从句,，,但,no matter who/what等只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句,。如：,巩固练习：,1. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.,A. why B. how C. that D. whether,【解析】这是一个复合句。felt后是个宾语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故用that。,2. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.,A. why B. which C. that D. whether,【解析】这是一个复合句。 the idea后是个引导同位语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故用that。,3. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.,A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why,【解析】这是一个复合句。 whether引导主语从句后置，whether在从句中不作成分，表示“是否”。,4. Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?,No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.,A. who B. that C. what D. which,【解析】这是一个含有主语从句的复合句，连接词在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故用 what。,5. We promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.,A. who B. whomC. whoeverD. whomever,【解析】promise后接一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。,6It suddenly occurred to him,he had left his keys in the office.,AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat,【解析】主语从句后置，it作形式主语；连接词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故用that。,7. When the news came,the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.,A. since B. which C. that D. because,【解析】the news后接一个后置的同位语从句，连接词在从句中不做成分，也无意义，故用that。,8. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.,A. thatB. howC. whoD. what,【解析】to make out后接一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中作express的宾语，且表示“什么”，故用what。,9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.,A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever,【解析】连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，因有选择的范围as many as five courses，故用whichever，意为“无论哪一个”。,10. _,she,offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.,A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom,【解析】这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。连接词在从句中作宾语，且表示“什么”，故用what。,11. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.,A. what B. that C. which D. why,【解析】这里是主语从句后置，it是形式主语。连接词在从句中作表语，且表示“什么”，故用what。,12. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.,A. whose B. what C. which D. that,【解析】to see后接一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中做定语，且表示“什么的”，故用what。what use又在从句中作介词of的宾语。,13. Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.,A. what B. which C. that D. where,【解析】evidence后接一个后置的同位语从句。连接词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故用that。,14. Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money.,A. why B. when C. which D. what,【解析】what引导表语从句，并在从句中做do的宾语，表示“什么”，故用what。,15. Our teachers always tells us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.,A. why B. how C. what D. which,【解析】连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作do的宾语，表示“什么”，故用what。,Homework,1.,完成选修八三维设计,P1113,语法练习,2.,学习,选修八三维设计,P1013,的语法讲解， 做好整理,单击此处添加标题,D,riven by,your,dream,s,act your glorious youth.,以梦为马，不负韶华！,
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