Chapter 2 . Poe

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Edgar Allan Poe,(1809-1849),1,2,“The death of a beautiful woman is , unquestionably, the most poetic topic in the world.”,3,Edgar Allan Poe,1 Life,2 Literary Career,3 Literary Theories,4 Themes in his writing,4,1 His Life,1). Miserable childhood. Parents died early.,2). John Allan took care of him; but developed bad,relationship and broke.,3). At 17, entering University of Virginia, not finish. Entering the West Point expelled for misbehavior.,4).At 27, married his cousin, who died in 1847, leaving him inconsolable,.nknsolbl,and bitterer than ever.,5).At 40,died “in great distress”.,5,2. Literary Career,1). As a critic:,A Talk on “A twice-Told Tale”,The Philosophy of Composition,The Poetic Principle,(beauty, pure poetry and melancholy),6,2). As a short story writer:,good at psychoanalysis, and art for arts sake.,A. Detective stories,The Purloined Letter,The Murders in the Rue Morgue,B. Gothic stories,Ligeia,Black Cat,The Fall of the House of Usher,The Cask of Amontillado,7,3). As a poet:,The Raven,To Helen,Annabel Lee,Israfel,Sonnetto Science,8,3 His Literary Theories,3.1 theory of poetry,(1) the creation of beauty;,(2) the immediate object of poetry is pleasure, not truth;,(3) Music is essential,(4) Making good use of a number of poetic devices. (alliteration, assonance, repetition),9,The chief aim of poetry “is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.”,“beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears”,“The death of a beautiful woman is , unquestionably, the most poetic topic in the world.”,10,3 His Literary Theories,3.1 theory of fiction (Father of the modern short story）,1)He preferred the tale to other fictional forms, stressed the principle of concentration and,thematic totality,;,2) the writer must decide the effect first and then determine the incidents;,11,e.g. “The Fall of the House of Usher”厄舍古屋的倒塌,“During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher”,(Periodic sentence),12,那年秋天，一个阴沉、昏暗、岑寂的日子，乌云低垂，厚重地笼罩着大地。整整一天，我孤零零地骑着马，驰过乡间一片无比萧索的旷野。暮色四合之际，令人忧伤的厄榭府终于遥遥在望。,13,.,there was a long tumultuous shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters and the deep and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over the fragments of the “House of Usher”.,14,接下去是一阵长长的巨响，就像是千条瀑布同时倾泻。我身边的水塘逐渐恢复了平静，深深地潭水无声地吞下了“厄舍古屋”的碎石烂瓦。,我听到惊天动地的巨响经久不息，犹如万丈狂涛喧腾咆哮。脚下，那幽深阴冷的山湖，寂寂地淹没了砖残瓦碎的“厄榭府”。,15,“The Cask of Amontillado”一桶白葡萄酒,“The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.,Of the half of a century no mortal had disturbed them. In pace requiescat!”,16,对福尔图纳托加于我的无数次伤害，我过去一直都尽可能地一忍了之；可当那次他斗胆侮辱了我，我就立下了以牙还牙的誓言。,.,半个世纪以来没人再动过那些尸骨。愿亡灵安息！,17,3) truth rather than beauty is the aim of the tale;,4) the merit of a work of art should be judged by its psychological effect upon the reader,18,4. The Themes:,Death, Revenge, and Rebirth.,e.g.,The Cask of Amontillado,19,5. the most controversial and misunderstood figure in the history of American Literature,20,6,Father of modern short story,Father of psychoanalytic criticism,Father of detective story,Father of science fiction,21,To Helen,Helen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore，That gently, o er a perfumed sea,The weary, way-worn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.,On desperate seas long wont to roamThy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that was GreeceAnd the grandeur that was Rome。,Lo！In you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee standThe agate lamp within thy hand,Ah！Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land,22,To Helen,海伦，你的美貌对于我，,象古代奈西亚的那些帆船，,在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，,把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，,回到他故国的港湾。,惯于在惊险的海上流浪，,你风信子的柔发，古典的面孔，,你女神的风姿已招我回乡，,回到昨日希腊的光荣，,和往昔罗马的盛况。,看！那明亮的窗龛中间，,我见你象一座神像站立，,玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，,哦！赛琪，你所来自的地点,原是那遥远的圣地！,next,23,Stylistic appreciation,1.音律美,四步抑扬格格律：ABABB CDCDC EFFEF,第一诗节压韵的单词：me,yore,sea bore,shore,第二诗节压韵的单词：roam，face，home,Greece,Rome,next,24,2.,修辞美,头韵,（alliteration）,第一诗节中：Weary,way-worn,Wanderer.,明喻（simile）,第一诗节中：Thy beauty is to me like those Nicean barks of yore,双关（paronomasia）,第二节中：have brought home既指“把我带回家”，也表示深层含义“使我明白并感受到”,提喻（synecdoche）在第二节中以the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome用这一古典美代指欧洲整个古典美。,next,25,3.意境美,image，即用具体的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。,在第一节中bore,第二节中roam,给人强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。,第二节thy hyacinth hair和第三节brilliant window-niche直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。,用perfumed sea作用于我们的嗅觉，称为嗅觉意象,。,next,26,Gothic fiction,Prominent features of Gothic fiction include terror (both psychological and physical), mystery, the,supernatural,ghosts,haunted houses,and,Gothic architecture,castles,darkness,death,decay,doubles,madness,secrets, and,hereditary,curses,.,Back,27,