英语句子成分及五种简单句

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,句子成分,英语的基本成分有八种：,主语（,subject,） 谓语（,predicate,） 宾语（,object,） 表语（,predicative,） 定语（,attribute,） 状语,(adverbial),补足语,(complement,）,同位语（,appositive,）,句子成分,意义,充当词类,例句,主语,表示句子说的是什么人或什么,事,名，代，数，不定,式，动名词，短语或,句子,We study in,168,Middle,School.,谓语,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎,么样,动词或动词词组,She is dancing under the tree.,宾语,表示动作行为的对象,同主语,Both of us like English.,表语,与联系动词连用，一起构成谓,语，说明主语的性质或特征,同主语,Her father is a chemist.,His words sound reasonable.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词,形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子,We have eight lessons every day.,状语,修饰动词，形容词，副词，表,示动作发生的时间，地点，原,因，目的，方式，结果等,副词，介词短语或句,子,He works very hard.,They held a party in Hollywood.,宾语,补足语,逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系,形容词，名词，介词,短语等,She always keeps the house,clean.,主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！,句子成分详解表,主语,：,是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在,there be,结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。,1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.,2) He reads newspapers everyday.,3) Two and ten is twelve.,4) Smoking is harmful to the health.,5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.,6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.,谓语,:,说明主语的动作或所处的状态。,谓语,(predicate),或谓语动词,(predicate verb),的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由,简单动词,或,动词短语,（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。,1) The new term begins on the 1,st,of September.,2) I would like to invite all my friends here.,3) I have tried this way three times.,4) We should pay attention to the English idioms.,5) He is working in the garden.,表语,：,是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词,(,如,be,become),之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。,1)Wangs father is a doctor.,（名词）,2) He is always careless.,（形容词）,3) The basketball match is on.,（副词）,4) All the pupils are on the playground now.,（介词短语）,5) Our aim is to win more medals.,（不定式）,6) His work is teaching French.,（动名词短语）,7) The question is who can really repair the machines.,（从句）,形式宾语：,若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从 句，可用,it,作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之后。,I found it difficult to finish the task in time.,Do you consider it any good sending more people there?,We have made it clear that we disagreed.,Wang Ling lent,me,a novel,to read in the bus.,（双宾语）,me,间接宾语,表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。,a novel,直接宾语,表示动作的直接承受者或结果。,宾语,:,表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面,.,1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.,（双宾语）,2) The medicine is good,for,this boy.,3) Do you understand what I mean?,4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.,5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?,定语,:,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用,的,表示。,Mary is,a chemistry,teacher.,（名词作定语）,He is,our,friend.,（代词作定语）,We belong to,the third,world.,（数词作定语）,He was advised to teach the,lazy,boy a lesson.,（形容词作定语）,The man,over there,is my old friend. (,副词作定语,),The woman with a baby,in her arms,is my sister. (,介词短语作定语,),The boys,playing footbal,l are in Class 2.,（现在分词短语作定语）,The trees,planted,last year are growing well now.,（过去分词作定语）,I have an idea,to do it wel,l.,（不定式作定语）,You should do everything,that I do,.,（定语从句作定语）,状语,：,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，,说明,方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,1)She sings quite well.,（副词）,2)On Sundays, there is no student in the,classroom.,（介词短语）,3)Arriving there, call me up.,4)The boy needs a pen to do his,homework.,5)If I have some spare time, I will take up German.,6)He is very handsome.,补足语,：,用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。,主补：对主语的补充。,He was elected,monitor,.,She was found,singing in the next room.,He was advised,to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,宾语补足语,:,在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征,.,We elected him,monitor,.,（名词作宾补）,We will make them,happy.,（形容词作宾补）,We found nobody,in,.,(,副词作宾补,),Please make yourself,at home,.,（介词短语作宾补）,Dont let him,do that.,（省,to,不定式名词作宾补）,His father advised him,to teach the lazy boy a lesson,.,（带,to,不定式名词作宾补）,Dont keep the fire,burning.,（现在分词名词作宾补）,Ill have my bike,repaired.,（过去分词名词作宾补）,同位语,是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：,We,students,should study hard.,(students,是,we,的同位语，都是指同一批学生）,We,all,are students.,(all,是,we,的同位语，都指同样的我们）,The news,that were having a holiday tomorrow,is,true.,（从句作同位语）,独立成分：,与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的,独立成分。,感叹词,:,oh, hello, aha, ah,等。,肯定词,:,yes,否定词,:,no,称呼语,:,称呼人的用语。,插入语,:,一些句中插入的,I,think,I believe,等。,如,:,The,story, I think, has never come to the,end,.,我相信,这个故事还远没结束,.,指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：,On the left of my house is,an old church,.,Why could,the boiling point of water,be,lower at the top of a mountain?,3. I,am not going to work,today.,4. This thing is for,peeling potatoes,.,5.,What time,will you arrive?,6.The Genie promised that if anyone should,come and set him free, he would make him,very rich,.,7.,What nationality,are you?,S.,S.,V.,Prep.O.,Adv.,O.C,.,Predicative,8. I couldnt understand,why he had,decided to retire at 50,.,9. I am terribly confused,by all this information,.,10. We,had already reached,9000 feet by then.,11. She reminded me,to switch off all the lights,.,12. Ill be able to pass,my driving test,after I have had a few lessons.,13. I love swimming. It keeps me,fit,.,14. It is obvious,that money doesnt grow on trees,.,Adverbial,V.,O.C.,O.,O.C.,S.,O.,什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须,大写,，结尾要有,？ ！,I am a teacher.,Are you a student?,How beautiful the girl is !,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种,基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一,:, ,(,主谓,),二,:, ,(,主系表,),三,:, ,(,主谓宾,),四,:, ,(,主谓间宾直宾,),五,:, ,(,主谓宾宾补,),基本句型 一,:,(,主谓,),主语,:,可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语,:,谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态,变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词,(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如,: We,come.,(,不及物动词,),1. The,sun,rose,.,2. Who,cares?,3. What he said,does not matter.,4. They,talked for half an hour.,5. The pen,writes smoothly,此句型的句子有一个,共同特点,即句子的谓语,动词,都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做,不及物动词,，,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,主语,可有修饰语,-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语,-,状语,。,如,:,1.,The,red,sun,rises,in the east.,2. So they had to travel,by air or boat,.,3.We got up,early so as to catch the first,bus.,4. She sat,there,alone,reading a novel.,5. He came back,when we were eating.,6.,Weak,buildings will fall down,in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,巩固练习：,1,她昨天回家很晚。,2,会议将持续两个小时。,3,在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化,.,4,1919,年，在北京爆发了“五,.,四”运动。,5,每天八时开始上课。,2. The meeting will last two hours.,3. Great changes have taken place in my home,town in the past ten years.,4. The May Fourth Movement broke out,in Beijing in 1919.,5. Classes begin at eight every day.,1. She went home very late yesterday evening,.,巩固练习,：,6,这个重五公斤。,7,五年前我住在北京。,8,秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。,9,我的爷爷早晨起得很早。,10.,每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,6. This box weighs five kilos.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books,.,基本句型二,:,(,主系表,),此句型的句子有一个共同的特点,:,句子,谓语,动词,都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上,一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合,谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类,动词,叫做,连系动词。,系动词,分两类,:,be, look, keep,seem,等,表情况,;,get, grow, become, turn,等属另一类,表变化。,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的,作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,感官动词,多可用作连系动词,: look,well/,面色好,sound,nice/,听起来不错, feel,good/,感觉好,smell,bad/,难闻,(,是系动词,),(,表语,),1.,This,is,an English-Chinese dictionary.,2. The,dinner,smells,good.,3.,He,fell,in love.,4.,Everything,looks,different.,5.,He,is,growing,tall and strong.,6. Our,well,has,gone,dry.,7. His,face,turned,red.,*,There be,结构,:,There,be,表示存在有。,这里的,there,没有实际意义,不可与副词,there,那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示,“,(,存在,),有某事物”。,试比较,:,There,is a boy,there,.,(,那儿有一个男孩,),前一个,there,无实意,后一个,there,为副词那里。,系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语,。,一、系动词的分类：,常见的系动词大致可分为三类。,第一类：表示特征或状态的，有,be,，,look,，,feel,，,seem,，,appear,，,smell,，,taste,，,sound,，,turn out,（结果是、证明是）等。,You,ll be all right soon.,You don,t look very well.,I feel rather cold.,He seems to be ill.,It appears that he is unhappy.,The roses smell sweet.,The mixture tasted horrible.,How sweet the music sounds!,The day turned out (to be) a fine one.,第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有,become,，,get,，,grow,，,turn,，,fall,，,go,，,come,，,run,等。,He became a world-famous scientist.,It is getting warmer and warmer.,It grew dark.,The food has turned bad.,Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.,Mary,s face went red.,His dream has come true.,The boy,s blood ran cold.,第三类：表示保持状态的，有,keep,，,remain,，,continue,，,stay,等,。,Keep quiet, children!,The weather continued fine for a long time.,It remains to be proved.,系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句，系动词,be,可用于上述所有情况。,The news was surprising.,（分词）,His job is teaching English.,（动名词）,The only method is to give the child more help.,（不定式）,I must be off now.,（副词）,The bridge is under construction.,（介词短语）,That would be a great weight off my mind.,（词组）,This is why he was late.,（从句）,所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。,Our future will be beautiful.,She looks unhappy today.,Do you feel cold,？,You seem/appear ill.,The food tastes delicious.,The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold.,He often went hungry.,3,.,能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear， seem， get， prove， remain， turn,out等,。,She appears/ seems to be very young,.,He appears/ seems to have caught cold,.,They got to be friends。,The meeting turned out to be successful,.,The theory proved to be right,.,Much remains to be done,.,4.,能接从句的有：,be,，,seem,，,appear,，,sound,，,look,等。,That,s why he fell ill.,My idea is that we should help him.,It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong.,It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.,Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,5,.,能接介词短语的有：be,， feel， look， sound，,taste，remain等,。,be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接很多介词短语作表语,。,He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday,.,They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave.,The road is under repair.,其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如,：,It feels like a rain,.,It looks like a rain,.,It sounds like a train going under my room,.,It tastes of,apples,.,（这有苹果的味道,。）,The concert remains in my memory,.,6,.,能接分词的系动词有：be,， become， get， grow， seem，,appear等,。,His report was surpri,si,ng/ disappointing/delighting/moving/ astonishing,The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished。,He has become/ got/ grown/ interested in modern physics。,He seems/ appears drunk。,系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组，基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用,。,page43,一,.,纵观历年的高考题，对系动词的考查一直是高考中非常重要的热点之一，对于考生来说也是难点所在。,高考对系动词考查的覆盖面广，涉及的系动词较多，重点考查的是,get,，其次是,feel,和,remain,，考查的难度在逐年增大。,二,.,对表示状态变化的系动词的考查,英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有,get,，,turn,，,turn out,（结果是,），,go,，,come,（成为），,fall,，,become,等。,1.,对,get,的考查,get,表示状态的改变，意为,“,变成，变得，做成,”,，它后面可以接形容词,、,v-ing,形式、过去分词等,。,Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.,A. get changed B. get change,C. get changing D. get to change, Be careful when you cross this very busy street, if not, you may _ run over by a car.,A. have B. get C. become D. turn, As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.,A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,分析：例,中考查的是“,get,过去分词”构成的系表结构。例,get changed,意为“换衣服”，例,get run over,意为“碾过，压过”，例,get separated,意思是“冲散，分离”，所以正确答案分别是,A,、,B,、,B,。,2.,对,go,的考查,系动词,go,的意义是,“,变成，成为,”,，后多跟形容词，如,go bad, go mad, go wrong, go hungry, go sour,等。例如：,On hearing the news of the accident in coal mine, she _ pale.,A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared,分析：该题考查的是“,go+adj,. ”,系表结构。,got,和,changed,不能与,pale,搭配起来表达这一状态的变化，而,appeared,是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是,C,。,3.,对,fall,的考查,系动词,fall,表示,“,（不知不觉地或突然地）进入,状态,”,，后常跟形容词、副词或介词短语等，如：,fall ill,（生病），,fall apart,（散开），,fall asleep, fall into a deep sleep,（睡熟）。,例如：,As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.,A.read,; was falling B. was reading; fell,C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell,分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词“,fall+adj,. ”,结构，,fall asleep,是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，故正确答案是,B,。句意是“她读报时，奶奶睡着了。”,三,.,对表示状态存在的系动词的考查,常见的有,be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie,（处于某种状态），,stand,（处于某种状态）等。,1.,对,remain,的考查,系动词,remain,的意思是,“,保持，继续，依然不变,”,，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,A. to see B. to be seen,C.seeing,D. seen, Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor.,A. proves B. remains,C. maintains D. continues,分析：例,中的,remain,是个半系动词，“有待被看，证实”，所以应用不定式的被动式，故答案是,B,。例,中,remain poor,意为“仍然很差”，,maintain,意为“维持，保持，继续”，不与形容词,poor,连用，所以正确答案是,B,。,2.,对,stay,的考查,stay,意为,“,保持原状，维持,”,，后面可以接形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。,The weather has,stayed,warm all week., Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days.,A. be stayed B. stay,C. be staying D. have stayed,分析：该题考查的是系动词,stay,后接形容词（,fresh,）的系表结构，它表示一种存在的状态，主动形式表示被动意义，这种结构一般不能用于进行时态，所以正确答案是,B,。,3.,对,appear,的考查,appear,的含义是,“,似乎，好像，看来（如关于某人的性格、感情或意图）,”,，此时不用进行式，后接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。,She,appeared,rather upset about something.,看来有些什么事使她心烦。,Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.,（上海,2001,）,A. to tell B. to be told,C. to be telling D. to have been told,分析：句意是,“,一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。,”,句中,tell,后面没有宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为,“,知道一切,”,发生在,“,告诉真相,”,之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是,D,。,4.,对,feel,的考查,feel,的意思是“感觉是，似乎”，后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。,I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.,A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes,- Do you like the material?,- Yes, it _ very soft.,A.is,feeling,B.felt,C.feels,D.is,felt,分析：这两道考题考查的是“,fell+adj,. ”,的系表结构。例,中,feel good,意为“感觉舒服”；例,feel soft,意为“摸上去软和”，此时，主动结构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分别是,B,和,C,。,5.,对系动词,look,的考查,look,有,“,看来，显得,”,等意，后面常接形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。,The plan looks good on paper, but will it work?,这个计划从表面上看来不错，但能行得通吗？,-You dont look very _. Are you ill?,-,No,Im,just a bit tired.,A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy,分析：尽管提供的四个备选项都是形容词，但,look well,的意思是“看上去气色好”，符合对话的语境，故正确答案是,B,。,6.,对,sound,的考查,sound,有,“,听起来，令人觉得，似乎,”,等含义，后面可以接形容词、名词短语、介词短语、不定式等。,She,sounds,to be a very strange woman.,听起来她似乎是一个非常古怪的女人。,What he said sounds _ .,A. nicely B. pleasantly,C. friendly D. wonderfully,分析：四个选项中只有,friendly,是形容词，可以和,sound,连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词，只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是,C,。,7.,对,taste,的考查,taste,在使用时不用进行时态，含义是,“,尝起来，有某种特殊的味道,”,，一般接形容词构成系表结构。,These oranges,taste,nice.,这些橙子味道很好。,These oranges taste _ .,A.good,B. well C. to be good D. to be well,分析：,taste,是系动词，所以要用形容词,good,作其表语。,well,作形容词时，意思是“健康的”，只能形容人，不能形容物。故正确答案是,A,。,8.,对,smell,的考查,smell,经常与形容词连用，意思是“闻起来，有,气味，发出,的气味”。,This book,smells,old.,这本书有一股霉味。,We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _ .,A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly D. badly; bad,分析：第一空前的,smell,是不及物动词，意为“嗅，闻，有嗅觉”，副词,badly,修饰,smells,；而第二空前的,smell,是系动词，与形容词,bad,构成系表结构。,答案为,D,基本句型 三,:, ,(,主谓宾,),此句型句子的,共同特点,是：谓语动词,都,具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能,表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。,这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 三： （主谓宾）,构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：,me,，,him,，,them,等, （及物动词） ,1. Who knows the answer?,谁知道答案？,2. She smiled her thanks.,她微笑表示感谢。,3. He has refused to help them.,他拒绝帮他们。,4. He enjoys reading.,他喜欢看书。,5. They ate what was left over.,他们吃了剩饭。,6. He said Good morning.,他说：,早上好！,7. I want to have a cup of tea.,我想喝杯茶。,8. He admits that he was mistaken.,他承认犯了错误。,巩固练习：,1,昨晚我写了一封信。,2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3,这本书他读过多次了。,4,他们成功地完成了计划。,5,那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,巩固练习：,6,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。,7,Jim,还不会自己穿衣服。,8,我们大家都相信,Jack,是一个诚实男孩。,9.,他不知道说什麽好。,10.,我开窗户你在意吗？,I received a letter from my,penfriend,in Australia.,Jim cannot dress himself.,All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,He did not know what to say.,Do you mind my opening the window?,基本句型 四,:, ,(,主谓间宾直宾,),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.,give/pass/bring/show,。,这两个宾语通常一个,指人,(,间接宾语,);,一个指物,(,直接宾语,),。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,-Show this house to Mr. Smith.,-Bring it to me, please.,(,及物,),(,多指人,),(,多指物,),She,ordered,herself,a new dress.,2.,He,brought,you,a dictionary.,3.,I,showed,him,my pictures.,4.,I,told,him,that the bus was late.,5.,He,showed,me,how to run the machine.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着,某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，,表示为了某人，替某人,。,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助,to,的）,bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等；,（需借助,for,的）,buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,巩固练习：,1,Johnson,先生去年教我们德语。,2,奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3,请把那本字典递给我好吗？,4,他把车票给列车员看。,Mr,Johnson taught us German last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,巩固练习：,5,我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,6,新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,7,他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,Shall I call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a lot of,labour,.,7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,基本句型 五,:, ,(,主谓宾宾补,),此句型的句子的,共同特点,是,:,动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上,一个,补充成分,来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语,:,位于,宾语之后,对宾语作出说明的成分。,可以用作,宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,说明,:,此结构由“,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”,构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有,逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。,The sun keeps us,warm.,I heard him,singing.,You must get your hair,cut.,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）, （及物） （宾语） （宾补）,名词,/,代词宾格,+,名词,The war| made| him |,a soldier,./,战争使他成为一名战士,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,形容词,New methods |make |the job|,easy,./,新方法使这项工作变得轻松,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,介词短语,I |,often,find| him |,at work,./,我经常发现他在工作,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,动词不定式,The teacher| ask |the students |,to close the windows,./,老师让学生们关上窗户,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,分词,I |saw |a cat |,running across the road,./,我看见一只猫跑过了马路,.,用,it,做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：,主语,+,谓语,+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,。如：,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,双宾语和宾补的区别,He gave me a book.(,他给我一本书） 在这个句子中，,me,作间接宾语，,a book,作直接宾语。 如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这,两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系,，,如，你不能说,I am a book.,如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系。例：,We,elected him,monitor.,在这个句子中，,we,作主语，,elected,作谓语，,him,为宾格，作宾语，,monitor,作宾语的补足语，而且，,此句的宾语,him,可以和后面的,monitor,构成逻辑上的主谓关系,，即：,he is a monitor.,巩固练习：,1,我们叫她,Alice.,2,我们大家都认为他是诚实的。,3,他们把小偷释放了。,4,我要你把真相告诉我。,5 .,卫兵命令我们立即离开。,6.,每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。,7,他每个月理一次发,8,我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut every month.,We wont let her go out at night.,9,那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了,10,她正在听人家讲故事。,11,我从来没看见这个字这样用过。,12,他感到很难跟你交谈。,13,我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。,14,学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem,in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students,should stand up when class begins.,英语基本句型,6,There be,句型,说明： 此句型是由“,there+be,+,主语,+,状语”,构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“,有,”,。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词,be,之后，,there,仅为引导词，并无实际语意。,此句型有时不用,be,动词，而用,live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。如：,There,stands,a hill in the middle of the park.,Once upon a time there,lived,an old king in the town.,Be,与其后的主