油藏工程课程设计(计算实例)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,油藏工程课程设计,（计算实例）,一,.,油区基本资料,1.,油藏基本参数,(,以,2,班,18,号同学为例做具体实例分析,),含油面积：,地层压力梯度,:,0.1MPa/10m,地温梯度,:,3.7/100m,由上表可计算得,(,厚度加权法,):,油藏有效厚度之和为,:,序 号,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,有效厚度,m,2.61,2.85,3.31,3.27,4.05,3.15,3.42,4.28,4.38,4.23,孔隙度,0.345,0.3552,0.3378,0.3352,0.3366,0.3328,0.3358,0.3367,0.3427,0.3438,渗透率,mD,202.5,364.3,451.4,582.1,605.4,668.8,516.9,402.6,348.2,284.9,平均孔隙度为,:,平均渗透率为,:,2,.,流体物性,地面条件下,:,地层条件下,:,地层泡点压力,:,原油体积系数,:,水的体积系数,:,3.,油水相渗关系,:,S,w,k,ro,K,rw,0.320,0.6500,0.0000,0.352,0.5861,0.0017,0.384,0.5244,0.0059,0.416,0.4651,0.0120,0.448,0.4082,0.0198,0.480,0.3538,0.0292,0.512,0.3021,0.0402,0.544,0.2532,0.0527,0.560,0.2300,0.0595,0.576,0.2072,0.0666,0.592,0.1853,0.0741,0.608,0.1644,0.0818,0.624,0.1439,0.0900,0.640,0.1251,0.0984,0.656,0.1062,0.1072,0.672,0.0895,0.1162,0.688,0.0728,0.1257,0.704,0.0581,0.1353,0.736,0.0316,0.1557,0.768,0.0112,0.1773,0.80,0.0000,0.2000,Swi=0.32 Sm=0.8 Sor=0.2,4,.,油水井操作条件,:,注采压差,P=,3MPa;,排状注水的排距与井距之比为,2:1;,初期采油速度为,3;,油水井正常生产时间为,300,天,/,年,;,5.,井眼半径,:,0.1m,6.,常用经济指标：,钻井成本,:,1000,元,/,米,;,注水单价,:6,元,/,米,3,;,输油单价,:,60,元,/,吨,;,生产维护费,:,150,元,/,吨,;,作业费用,:,20000,元,/(,井,年,),;,地面工程建设费,0.5,钻井费用,;,原油的商品率,:,95;,原油价格,:,1200,元,/,吨,;,贷款利率,:,5.48;,存款利率,:,1.98;,二,.,设计内容,1.,分析油藏的纵向非均质性,并计算储量,常用的一种处理纵向非均质性的方法是看反映渗透率非均质程度的参数,变异系数,(V),因此地层非均质性不大。,储量为：,带入具体数据得,2.,根据油藏特点论证划分开发层系的可行性,划分开发层系,是将特征相近的油层合在一起,用一套生,产井网单独开采,根据开发层系划分的原则,油层特性相近的油层组合在同一开发层系,以保证各油层对注水方式和井网具有共同的适应性,减少开发过程中的层间矛盾,单层突进,.,油层性质相近包括,:,沉积条件,渗透率,油层分布面积,层内非均质程度等,.,根据油区各小层基本资料,该油藏各小层渗透率多在 到 间分布,属于高渗油藏,且各小层孔隙度都比较接近,变化不大,均质程度较好,因此将此,10,小层作为一个开发层系进行开发,.,3.,注水方式的选择,选择,排状注水方式,进行开发,.,采油速度要达到,3,，,而排,状注水适用于高速开采油田,.,4.,利用排状注水开发指标计算方法,计算相应的开发指标,.,计算初始产量,并根据油田产量要求确定油井数及水井数,.,初始产量为,设井距为,X,m,则排距为,截面积,;,由相渗关系数据表知,束缚水饱和度 对应的 为,0.6500,化为地面产量为,初期采油速度为,5%,故初始年采油量为,所以油井数为,取套数,n=241,口,.,因为油井与水井数比为,1:1,故水井数量,n=241,口,.,计算井距与排距,设井距为,X,则排距为,2X,如右图,:,（,2x+2x,）,x,n=S,则,排距,求前缘含水饱和度,根据相渗关系表中数据,计算含水率,及 随,的变化率,.,X,2X,2X,所用公式,:,其中,所有计算结果数据见下表,:,SW,Kro,Krw,fw(Sw),fw(Sw),0.32,0.65,0,0.0000,0,0.352,0.5861,0.0017,0.2086,7.8997,0.384,0.5244,0.0059,0.5056,7.6941,0.416,0.4651,0.012,0.7010,4.8364,0.448,0.4082,0.0198,0.8151,2.8332,0.48,0.3538,0.0292,0.8824,1.6957,0.512,0.3021,0.0402,0.9236,1.0535,0.544,0.2532,0.0527,0.9498,0.7411,0.56,0.23,0.0595,0.9592,0.5347,0.576,0.2072,0.0666,0.9669,0.4381,0.592,0.1853,0.0741,0.9732,0.3582,0.608,0.1644,0.0818,0.9784,0.2965,0.624,0.1439,0.09,0.9827,0.245,0.64,0.1251,0.0984,0.9862,0.2033,0.656,0.1062,0.1072,0.9892,0.1685,0.672,0.0895,0.1162,0.9916,0.1391,0.688,0.0728,0.1257,0.9937,0.1156,0.704,0.0581,0.1353,0.9953,0.0855,0.736,0.0316,0.1557,0.9978,0.0626,0.768,0.0112,0.1773,0.9993,0.0348,0.8,0,0.2,1,0.0219,应该绘制的曲线,:,1,、,关系曲线,Swi,Swf=0.384,2,、,关系曲线,根据表中数据 和 及,在坐标纸中以 为横,坐标,以 为纵坐标,分别绘出 关系曲线和,关系曲线,在含水率与含水饱和度曲线图中,通过束缚水饱和,度 点对 先作切线,得到的切点所对应的含水饱和,度即为水驱油前缘含水饱和度,因此求得的,前缘含水饱,和度,(,见图,).,计算见水前开发指标,求非活塞因子,B,由数据知,则,束缚水饱和度为,残余油饱和度为,最大含水饱和度,积分,以一年为一个点计算见水前开发指标,(,以下,q,均为单井日产量,),公式,:,其中,为初始产量,为油水前缘位置,.,第一年,:,未见水,.,第二年,:,将第一年中求得的 有因次化,作为第二年的初始产量,.,同理求得,:,故在第二年见水,.,无因次见水时间,根据 的 定义,将 有因次化得见水时间,.,设见水时刻为第二年的第,X,天,则,6,故见水时间,t=300+218=518,即在第,518,天见水,.,见水时刻无因次产量为,将其有因次化为,计算见水后开发指标,公式,:,第二年,(,之后,),将 作为此,82,天的产量,.,对应 曲线,找到,5.5315,对应 的 为,0.416,由数据表中数据可计算,无因次开发时间,第三年,:,将第二年中计算所得的年末产液量作为第三年的产量,用同样的步骤计算,及对应的,有因次产量,直 到,若在 曲线图中查到的 不是数据表中的含水饱和度,则利用插值法求得的对 应,的计算结果如下,:,A,B,C,近似认为,若 在 与 之间,即可求出 ，然后可得出相应的,用插值法求,S,we,：,将计算结果汇总,制成开发指标汇总表,其中,:,日产液,=,单井日产量,井数（,以第,0,年为例,）,采出程度,=,累计产油量,地质储量,含水率,=,上一年的年末来计算求得的含水率,.,在第二年见水,故将第二年分成两部分,:,见水前,和,见水后,对应表中第,1,年,.,见水前,后开发指标汇总表,见水前,见水后,经济评价,原油销售额,=,年产油量,原油商品率,原油价格,原油的商品率,:95;,原油价格,:1200,元,/,吨,;,生产维护费,=,年产油量,生产维护费,生产维护费,:150,元,/,吨,;,注水费,=,年注水量,注水单价,注水单价,: 6,元,米,3,;,输油费,=,年产油量,输油单价,输油单价,:60,元,/,吨,;,作业费,=,n,（油井数）,作业费用,作业费用,:20000,元,/(,井,.,年,);,钻井及地面建设费用,=,钻井成本,(,油井数,+,水井数,) ,井深,（,1+0.5,）,钻井成本,:1000,元,/,米,;,纯收入,=,收入,-,支出,第,i,年的累计现金流量,=(,第,i-1,年的累积现金流量,) (1+,利率,),计息周期,+(,第,i,年的纯收入,),当累积现金流量为,负,时，利率用贷款利率,;,贷款利率,:5.48,当累积现金流量为,正,时，利率用存款利率,;,存款利率,:1.98,经济评价结果表,根据计算结果中含水率在,70%98%,间的数据,进行下列,2,个方面的计算,利用水驱特征曲线方法,计算该油藏的的可采储量和,采收率,.,第五型水驱规律曲线方程为,根据见水后开发指标中累积产油量,含水率资料,可求,出水油比,R,及,.,结果见下表,根据上表绘图,:,如图所示,:,将曲线向左延伸,在横坐标,获得 这就是该油田的可采储量,由此得,其最终水驱采收率为,:,绘成直线,利用相应的油藏工程方法,判断该油藏的递减类型,确定相应的递减规律,并计算该油藏的可采储量和采收率,(,以概算指标中含水量为,98%,对应的日产油量作为极限油量,),利用图解法判断是否属于指数递减或调和递减,如果都不是,则是双曲递减,.,由开发指标汇总表可知第八年末,(,即第九年初,),含水率已达到,97.8%,通过进一步计算得在第九年末,对应图中,有因次化,.,得第九年年末产液量为 ，,产油量为,则年产油量为,即对应含水率,98%,的极限产量为,指数递减,的半对数直线关系为,调和递减,的半对数直线关系为,因此,将时间,t,产量,累积产量 及 计算并列数据表下：,依据数据表,分别绘出,如下,:,其中 为递减期,的累积产油量,.,绘成直线,绘成直线,比较两图可知,递减类型更符合调和递减,基本为一直线,利,用数据表中,t=3,和,t=6,时两点可求得调和递减类型的斜率为,即,令,可求得对应的截距为,2.802,即,因此可得递减初期产量为,则初始递减率为,方程为,含水率为,98%,对应的极限产量为 代入上式,得到,:,即递减期的最大累计产油量为,而总的最大累积产油量为,可得采收率为,