蔓越莓的作用与发展

Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,1/2/2013,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Enter heading here,Body text here,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Centre for Metabolic Fitness,Optimising Health,Reducing Obesity,Modifying Lifestyles,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Mastertitelformat bearbeiten,Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,#,Health Benefits of Cranberries,蔓越莓的健康益处,Amy B. Howell, Ph.D,.,Marucci Center,for Blueberry Cranberry Research,Rutgers University,Chatsworth, New Jersey, USA,美国新泽西州查茨沃思市,How,eating,cranberries,benefits,our,health, especially,if we start when we are,young,食用蔓越莓（尤其是从年轻时就开始食用）对健康有哪些益处？,Range of,function,功能范围,Age,年龄,Early,Life,早期生活,Growth and,development,生长和发育,Adult,Life,成年生活,Maintaining highest level of,function,各项功能维持在最高水平,Older,Age,老年生活,Maintaining health and,independence,保持健康和独立性,Disability threshold,功能丧失界限,Physical and Mental,Health,身体健康和心理健康,Successful,Aging,成功老龄化,genes,基因,diet,饮食,lifestyle,生活习惯,Influenced by:,影响因素,Health Promotion,促进健康的方式,Pharmaceuticals,药物,Dietary,Supplements,膳食补充剂,Functional Foods,功能性食品,How to maintain health?,如何保持健康？,Pharmaceutical Drugs,药品,Can have toxic side effects,可能会有毒副作用,Over-use causes antibiotic resistance,过度使用会导致产生抗生素耐药性,Can be expensive,可能价格昂贵,Dietary Supplements,膳食补充剂,Not regulated can contain toxins,没有监管,可能含有毒素,Potency may be low,效力可能较低。,Dosage is uncertain,剂量不确定。,Functional,Foods,功能性食品,Whole food is consumed, benefit from mixture of phytochemicals,食用天然食品，富含多种植物化学物。,Nutraceutical effects (beyond basic nutrition,),除了基本营养之外，还具有保健品效果,Less chance of toxic,overdose,降低过量摄入有毒物质的可能性,Often,less,expensive,往往价格更为低廉,Cranberries,蔓越莓,An Original Functional,Food,一种原始的功能性食品,Native to North,America,原产于北美,Folklore,Uses,民间用途,- Scurvy,治疗坏血病,- Wound healing,加速伤口愈合,- Blood poisoning,治疗血液中毒,- Stomach ailments,治疗胃病,- Urinary disorders,治疗泌尿,系统疾病,Meat,Preservative,用作肉类防腐剂,Anthocyanins,花青素,Flavonols,黄酮,Catechins,儿茶素,Proanthocyanidins,原花青素,Phenolics,酚类物质,Flavonoids,黄酮类化合物,Plant,Pigments,植物色素,Anthocyanins,花青素,Carotenoids,类胡萝卜素,Lycopene,番茄红素,Carotene,胡萝卜素,Lutein,叶黄素,Zeaxanthin,玉米黄质,Coloration,着色,Protection,from,UV light damage,对紫外线损伤的保护,Health benefits,健康益处,Proanthocyanidins,原花青素,Tannins,丹宁酸,Plant defense compounds,植物防御化合物,Astringent taste,涩味,Complex, large molecules,复杂的大型分子,Many health benefits,许多健康益处,Cranberry has special benefits,蔓越莓具有特殊的健康益处,Cranberries,Considered one of the healthiest,fruits,蔓越莓是公认的最为健康的水果之一,Why,?,这是为什么呢？,Many different plant compounds,它含有许多不同的植物化合物,Numerous scientific studies and clinical trials,已经,得到大量科学研究和临床试验证实,Health Benefits,of,Cranberry,蔓越莓的健康益处,Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory,可以抗氧化,/,抗发炎,Heart health,有益于心脏健康,Anti-cancer,可以防癌,Anti-Bacterial,可以抗菌,Stomach ulcers,防止胃溃疡,Urinary tract health,有益于,尿路的,健康,Oxidation,Inflammation,氧化炎症,Diabetes,糖尿病,Pulmonary,Diseases,肺部疾病,Cancer,癌症,Cardiovascular,diseases,心血管疾病,Alzheimers,阿尔茨海默氏症,Autoimmune,Diseases,自身免疫性疾病,Arthritis,关节炎,Neurological,Diseases,神经系统疾病,Obesity leads to oxidation and inflammation,肥胖会导致氧化和炎症,Obesity rates in China increased nearly 50%,from 1992-2002,从,1992,年到,2002,年，中国的肥胖率上升了近,50,Aging and disease are influenced by a process called,Oxidation,人们之所以会衰老和患上疾病是因为受到了氧化这一过程的影响,“Body Rust,”,“身体生锈”,Damaging molecules called,OXIDANTS (Free Radicals),对身体造成破坏的分子称为氧化剂（自由基）,Attack,our bodies,Like bullets in our blood streams,Cause cell damage, disease,aging,氧化剂在我们的血液流动中像子弹一样攻击我,们的身体，导致细胞损伤、疾病、衰老。,Oxidants are made by,:,氧化剂的形成原因,：,Our own bodies, when cells grow and,die,在细胞生长和死亡过程中，我们体内自身形成的,How else are they formed,?,其他形成原因,Cigarette Smoking,吸烟,10,15,free radicals per,puff,每吸一口烟就会产生,大约,10,15,个自由基,Lifestyle Factors,Produce Oxidation and Inflammation,生活方式因素也会导致氧化和炎症发生,Pollution,污染,Poor Diet,不良的饮食习惯,Excessive alcohol,过量饮酒,Stress,压力,Illness,疾病,Diabetes,糖尿病,Cancer,癌症,Infections,感染,Obesity,肥胖,Metabolic Syndrome,代谢综合征,25% of US and 15% of Chinese have it!,25,的美国人和,15,的中国人均患有代谢综合征！,Abdominal,obesity,腹部肥胖,High,cholesterol,高胆固醇,High blood,pressure,高血压,Diabetes/Insulin,resistance,糖尿病,/,胰岛素,耐药性,Inflammation,炎症,Cognitive,decline/Dementia,认知能力的下降,/,老年痴呆症,Physical,incapacity,丧失劳动能力,Cognitive,decline,认知能力的下降,Depression,忧郁症,Endothelium,内皮细胞,Endothelial,damage,内皮细胞损伤,Obesity,肥胖,High blood,pressure,高血压,High blood,sugar,高血糖,High blood,fats,高血脂,Smoking,抽烟,High,BP,高血压,Heart,disease,心脏疾病,Stroke,中风,impaired blood,flow,血液流量受损,Can be improved/restored by regular,exercise,and,eating functional foods,这些状况,通过定期的运动和食用功能性食品可以,得到,改善,/,恢复,Negative Effects of Blood Vessel,Constriction,血管收缩的负面影响,China,中国,Economic development has led to:,经济发展已经导致：,Older more sedentary population,人口老龄化、缺少运动,Increases in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome similar to US and Europe,像美国和欧洲一样，肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征的患者数量上升,Unprecedented rise in the incidence of heart disease,心脏疾病的发病率出现前所未有的大幅上升,Rates predicted to rise over 50% in the next 20 years,据预计，在未来的,20,年，物价上涨幅度将超过,50,Chinese less likely to be diagnosed and manage diseases,中国人不大愿意,去看病,和管理,疾病,Shen, et al. 2012. Cardiol Res Pract,沈等，,2012,年，心脏病学研究与实践,How can we reduce oxidants and be healthier,?,我们怎样才能减少氧化剂，改善健康？,紫外线,新陈代谢,线粒体,炎症,白细胞,空气污染,吸烟,电离辐射,DNA,损伤,Our bodies have natural defenses against OXIDANTS,我们的身体会对氧化剂进行天然地防御,We,produce,ANTIOXIDANTS,to stop,damage,身体会产生,抗氧化剂,，防止造成损害,As,we age, our bodies produce fewer natural,antioxidants,随着年龄的增长，我们的身体产生的天然抗氧化剂数量越来越少,Cranberries are very high in,unique ANTIOXIDANTS,蔓越莓富含多种特殊的抗氧化剂,We can get extra antioxidants from eating fruits and,vegetables,我们可以通过食用水果和蔬菜获得额外的抗氧化剂,体内产生的抗氧化剂,Antioxidant Activity,*,抗氧化活性,*,Blueberry,and,Cranberry,22.3,蓝莓和蔓越莓,Blackberry,黑莓,20.4,Garlic,大蒜,19.4,Strawberry,草莓,15.4,Spinach,菠菜,12.6,Orange,橙子,7.5,Grape,葡萄,7.4,Tomato,西红柿,1.9,*Oxygen Radical Absorbance,Capacity,*,氧自由基吸收能力,Source: Ron Prior, U.S.D.A,.,数据来源：美国农业部罗恩普莱尔,Antioxidant Capacity Varies Among Fruits and Vegetables,不同水果和蔬菜的抗氧化能力各不相同,水果,/,蔬菜,土豆,胡萝卜,西红柿,西兰花,菠萝,香蕉,葡萄,苹果,猕猴桃,橙子,浆果,抗氧化能力（,FRAP,值）,;,微摩尔,100,克湿鲜重,Cranberries and,Cancer,蔓越莓和癌症,Inhibit cancer cell growth,抑制癌细胞生长,- breast, colon,esophageal,乳腺癌，结肠癌，食道癌,Induce,apoptosis (programmed cell death,),诱导细胞凋亡（程序性细胞死亡）, reduces tumor formation in,culture,减少培养细胞中肿瘤的形成,Cardiovascular Benefits,对心血管的益处,Improves Blood Flow,促进血液流动,Inflexibility of arteries,动脉硬化,LDL oxidation,低密度脂蛋白氧化,Inflammation (similar to aspirin),炎症（作用类似于阿司匹林）,Cranberries,蔓越莓可以改善,Cranberry increases plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in,men,蔓越莓可以使男性血浆中高密度脂蛋白,-,胆固醇的浓度上升,Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l,),血浆中高密度脂蛋白,-,胆固醇水平的变化（毫摩尔,/,每升）,Abdominally obese,men,腹部肥胖的男性,Increasing doses, 4 wks,each,每,4,周增加一次剂量,250mL,cranberry juice/day,每天饮用,250,毫升蔓越莓汁,8.6% increase in,HDL,高密度脂蛋白浓度上升,8.6%,Couillard - Laval,University,库伊拉德,-,拉瓦尔大学,血浆浓度,蔓越莓汁,(,毫升,/,每天,),Anti-Bacterial Effects of Cranberry,蔓越莓的抗菌效果,Bacterial Adhesion to,Cells,细菌粘附到细胞上,First,step in the infection,process,感染过程中的第一个步骤,Cranberry Prevents Bacterial Adhesion to Cells,蔓越莓可以防止细菌粘附到细胞上,Cranberry metabolites bind to,bacterial hairs and,block adhesion to,cell receptors,蔓越莓代谢物与细菌的毛发结合，从而阻止细菌粘附到细胞受体上,Cell,E. coli,大肠杆菌,细胞,What are the Anti-adhesion Compounds in Cranberry,?,在蔓越莓中有哪些抗粘附化合物？,A type of polyphenol (condensed tannin),一种多酚（缩合丹宁酸）,Produced by cranberry plant when under stress,Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal benefits for,plants,当蔓越莓植物处于压力条件下时，它会产生这种多酚，使植物具备抗细菌、抗真菌的能力,Provides astringent taste,of cranberry,使蔓越莓产生涩味,Anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,activities,具有抗细菌、抗发炎、抗氧化活性,Proanthocyanidins (PACs,),原花青素,A-linked,proanthocyanidin,A,型分子链原花青素,(,cranberry,),（蔓越莓）,B-linked,proanthocyanidin,B,型分子链原花青素,(,grape,chocolate,),（葡萄、巧克力）,PACs,Found,in,Some Other Foods,其他食品中也含有原花青素,Unusual Molecular Shape in Cranberry ,蔓越莓的分子形状与众不同,-,Anti-adhesion,activity,抗粘附活性,Helicobacter pylori,Bacteria Cause,Stomach,Ulcers,幽门螺旋杆菌会导致,胃溃疡,If untreated, ulcers can lead to stomach cancer,如果不及时治疗，胃溃疡会导致胃癌的发生,B,acteria adhere,to stomach,cells and cause infection which can lead to ulcer,细菌粘附在胃细胞上，引起感染，从而导致溃疡,H.,Pylori,幽门螺旋杆菌,Worldwide,H. pylori,Infection,全球幽门螺旋杆菌感染概况,Standard Ulcer,Treatment,is Long and Difficult,标准的溃疡治疗过程漫长，十分艰难,6-8 weeks of treatment with antibiotics and proton-pump,inhibitors,使用抗生素和质子泵抑制剂进行治疗需,6-8,周,H. pylori,are becoming RESISTANT to these,antibiotics,幽门螺旋杆菌现在逐渐对这些抗生素产生了耐药性,Stomach ulcer,tissue,胃溃疡组织,PACs prevent,H. pylori,adhesion to both mucus and gastric cells, and inhibit bacterial growth,原花青素可以防止幽门螺旋杆菌附着粘液细胞和胃细胞，并抑制细菌生长,Clinical in China (Zhang,Helicobacter, 2005,),中国的临床研究（张，幽门螺旋杆菌研究，,2005,年）,Cranberry Juice,27%,(500 mL/day) for 3 months, suppressed over 15% of,H. pylori,infections,在饮用纯度,27,的蔓越莓汁,3,个月后（,500,毫升,/,天），发现对,15,以上的幽门螺旋杆菌感染具有抑制效果,Clinical (on children) in Chile (Gotteland,Nutrition, 2008,),智利的（儿童）临床研究（戈特兰，营养学杂志，,2008,年）,Cranberry juice (200 mL/day) for 3 weeks, eradicated nearly 17% of,H. pylori,infections,在饮用蔓越莓汁,3,周后（,200,毫升,/,天），发现对近,17,的幽门螺旋杆菌感染具有根除作用,Clinical in Israel (Shmuely,Mol. Nutr. Food Res,., 2007,),以色列的临床研究（施穆利，分子营养与食品研究，,2007,年）,Cranberry,Juice,25%,(250 mL/day) combined with,triple,antibiotic therapy improved eradication,rate,饮用纯度,25,的蔓越莓汁（,250,毫升,/,天）结合三联抗生素治疗可以提高根除率,VLW Go,Cranberry and Stomach Health,蔓越莓和胃部健康,90% are caused by,E. coli,90%,的尿路感染都是由大肠杆菌引起的,11 million cases/year in U.S.A.,在美国，每年有,1100,万起尿路感染病例发生,25% recurrence rate,复发率为,25%,Cranberry,Prevents,Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs),蔓越莓可以,防止,发生尿路感染（,UTI,）,E. coli,bacteria in,urine trying to adhere to bladder cells,尿道中，大肠杆菌试图粘附到膀胱细胞上,Bacterial,fimbrial hairs,blocked by cranberry,compounds: no adhesion,细菌四周的毛发被蔓越莓化合物阻断：无法进行粘附,Cranberry Juice Prevents,Adhesion,of,Bacteria in Urine,蔓越莓汁可以防止细菌在尿道中进行粘附,Before consuming,cranberry,食用蔓越莓之前,After consuming,cranberry,食用蔓越莓之后,E.,Coli,大肠杆菌,E.,Coli,大肠杆菌,Bladder,Cells,膀胱细胞,Bladder,Cells,膀胱细胞,Almost no,E. coli,on bladder cells after consuming cranberry,在食用蔓越莓之后，膀胱细胞上几乎没有大肠杆菌,Elderly nursing home patients (50% red. bacteriurea) Avorn et al., 1994,JAMA,敬老院老人患者（约,50,的人患有菌尿症），阿沃恩等，,1994,年美国医学会杂志,Cranberry powder (significant red. UTI occurrence) Walker et al., 1997,J. Family Practice,蔓越莓粉（十分容易发生尿路感染,病例,），沃克等，,1997,年家庭医学实践杂志,Cranberry powder (significant red. UTI occurrence) Stothers, 2002,Can J Urol.,蔓越莓粉（十分容易发生尿路感染,病例,），斯托瑟，,2002,年加拿大泌尿学杂志,University women (20% red. In UTI risk) Kontiokari et al., 2000,British Med. J.,大学女性（,20%,的人存在尿路感染风险），康提卡利等，,2000,年英国医学杂志,Pregnant women (41-57% red. UTI) Wing et al., 2008,J. Urol.,孕妇（,41-57%,的人会发生尿路感染），,Wing,等，,2008,年泌尿学杂志,Young girls (50% red. recurrent UTI),Ferrara et al., 2009,Scand. J. Urol.,Nephrol,.,年轻女性（约,50%,的人经常发生尿路感染），费拉拉等，,2009,年斯堪的纳维亚泌尿学与肾脏学杂志,Children (43% red. UTI occurrences) Kontiokari et al., 2011,Clinical Infectious Diseases,儿童（,43%,的人会发生尿路感染），康提卡利等，,2011,年临床传染病,Major Clinical Trials Cranberry and UTI Prevention,主要临床试验,-,蔓越莓与尿路感染预防之间的关系,Current Management of UTIs,目前对尿路感染的管理,Antibiotics used for treatment,使用抗生素进行治疗,Low-dose antibiotics used for preventing recurrent infections,使用低剂量的抗生素，以防止,发生,反复感染,Antibiotic resistance increasing yearly,抗生素耐药性逐年增加,Antibiotic Resistance,Increasing in China,在中国，抗生素耐药性不断增加,Due to over-use of antibiotics for respiratory infections/colds, etc. caused by viruses (not bacterial),原因：过度使用抗生素治疗由病毒（不是细菌）引起的呼吸道感染,/,感冒等疾病,Ciprofloxacin:,70% resistance to,E. coli,in,China (Highest in the world),环丙沙星：在中国，,70,的大肠杆菌对环丙沙星具有耐药性（这一比例在全球最高）,60% of,Staphylococcus aureus,bacteria are methicillin-resistant (MRSA),60,的金黄色葡萄球菌对甲氧西林具有耐药性,Resistance to,Cipro,对环丙沙星的耐药性,Cranberries versus antibiotics to prevent urinary tract,infections,蔓越莓与抗生素在预防尿路感染方面的效果比较,Beerepoot et al.,Archives of Internal Medicine,2011,比尔雷柏等，内科医学档案，,2011,年,Prevention of UTI for 12 months with low-dose,antibiotic,or cranberry,使用低剂量的抗生素或蔓越莓,12,个月后，尿路感染的预防效果,High resistance rates after just 1 month of,antibiotic use,使用抗生素短短,1,个月后，出现高耐药率,Resistance,to TMP/SMX, trimethoprim and amoxicillin increased from 21-28% to 73-91% in both feces and urine,在粪便和尿液中，对甲氧苄氨嘧啶,-,磺胺甲基异恶唑，甲氧苄氨嘧啶和阿莫西林的耐药率从,21-28,上升至,73-91,Cipro in,urinary,E. coli,isolates increased from 8% at baseline to 23% after 12 months of TMP/SMX,在服用甲氧苄氨嘧啶,-,磺胺甲基异恶唑,12,个月后，环丙沙星在尿液中大肠杆菌菌株的含量从,8,（基本水平）提高至,23,Cranberry,almost as,effective as low-dose antibiotics, but preferred due to absence of substantial antibiotic resistance,issues,蔓越莓和低剂量抗生素的效果几乎相同,。,但是,，,由于蔓越莓不存在大量的抗生素耐药性问题，,它,是更合适的选择,。,Cranberry does not kill the bacteria, as an antibiotic would,蔓越莓不能像抗生素那样杀死细菌,Prevents initial bacterial adhesion step, which keeps bacteria from growing and causing infection,蔓越莓只能防止最初的细菌粘附步骤的发生，从而阻止细菌,生长，不引起感染,。,Greatly reducing selection pressure for growth of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains,具有抗生素耐药性的细菌菌株种类不断增多。蔓越莓极大地降低了选择压力,。,May encourage growth of probiotics,可以促进益生菌的生长,Cranberry Juice 27% (240 mL) Prevented Adhesion of,Antibiotic Resistant,E. coli,by 80%,饮用纯度,27,的蔓越莓汁（,240,毫升）可以防止,80,的具有抗生素耐药性的大肠杆菌发生粘附,Preventing infections with cranberry could,:,使用蔓越莓预防感染可以：,Reduce the need for antibiotics,减少对抗生素的需求,Slow pace of,antibiotic resistance development,减缓抗生素耐药性的发展,Howell and Foxman, 2002,JAMA,豪威尔和福克斯曼，,2002,年，美国医学会杂志,How much cranberry each day for health benefits,?,每天要食用多少蔓越莓才能有益健康？,?,Cranberry juice,25-27%,8-10 ounces,盎司,(Regular or “Light”),纯度,25-27,的蔓越莓汁（普通规格或“轻度”）,Dried cranberries,蔓越莓干,cup,杯,Cranberry sauces,蔓越莓酱汁,cup,杯,Cranberry powders (pills),2501000 mg,毫克,蔓越莓粉（片）,PACs (in products),36-72 mg,毫克,（产品中的）原花青素,Stability of Cranberry Products and,PACs,蔓越莓产品、原花青素的稳定性,Processing cranberry into products can impact,stability,将蔓越莓加工成产品可能会影响稳定性,Extraction,temperatures,提取温度,Storage of raw materials and finished product,原料和成品的贮存,Keep in cool, dry storage,在阴凉、干燥处贮存,Reasons to Use Cranberry to Prevent Bacterial Adhesion and Infections,使用蔓越莓防止细菌粘附和细菌感染的原因,Reduced antibiotic resistance issues,不会出现抗生素耐药性问题,Inexpensive, convenient functional food,蔓越莓是价格便宜、食用方便的功能性食品,Effective at reasonable serving sizes,以,合理,的分量服用，,效果显著,Additional health benefits,possible,可能具有其他健康益处,Anti-adhesion in,multiple,sites in the,body,在体内多处具有抗粘附作用,Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory/heart,health/anti-cancer,具有抗氧化剂,/,抗炎,/,抗癌作用，有益心脏健康,Any Questions,?,有问题吗？有问题请举手！,