第五章 分译与合译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第五章,分译与合译,By,Xu,Xiaomei,November, 2013,Teaching Objectives,To learn translation skills of division and combination,Division and Combination,英译汉时，如果一个英语句子不能用一个汉语单句清楚地表达出来，我们可以把原句拆开，用两个或两个以上汉语单句来表达，这叫做,分译,(Division),.,1) So I swam and, presumably,because of,the long absence of foreigners from Sichuan,before,an,undeservedly,large and enthusiastic audience.,于是我就下水游泳了；大概在四川省人们很久没见过外国人了，所以我游泳时，旁边有一大群热心的观众；而单凭我的游泳技术是不配引来这样一大群观众的。,2) When someone asks me what business I am in, I become embarrassed. I stutter and stammer. My face feels hot.,当有人问我从事什么职业时，我感到很尴尬，脸发烫，结结巴巴地难以启齿。,I,分译法的使用,A,单词的分译,将原文中的一个单词分离出来单独译为汉语的一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个以上的汉语单句。可能进行分译的单词有：,(1),形容词,3) He is having an,identifiable,trouble with his teeth.,他正患牙病，,这是大家都看得出来的,。,4) The day dawned,misty,and,overcast,.,那天天亮时,雾气很重，天上布满乌云。,5) As a,shy,young visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,” I have something to show you.”,小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作客，由于,我很腼腆,，他就对我说：“我有样东西给你看。”于是我便感到不拘束了。,(2),副词,6),Frankly,are you interested in going?,你说实话,，有兴趣吗？,7,) Not surprisingly,those who were praised improved dramatically.,那些受到表扬的人进步显著,，这是不足为怪的,。,8),Characterically,Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.,哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。,这是他的性格。,9) The year began,auspiciously,with good trade figures for January.,一月的贸易额不错，今年一开始就有好兆头。,（,3,）动词,10) We recognize and,share,Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.,我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国家寻求建立全球霸权和地区霸权的企图，,我们也有这样的决心,。,（,4,）名词,11)She left home a child and came back,a mother,of three children.,离家时她还是个孩子,，回来时,已是,三个孩子的妈妈了。,12) As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site,its remoteness,effectively masking its activity.,作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是一个非常理想的地方；,因为它地处边陲,，人们不容易了解其中的活动。,B,短语分译,将原文中的一个短语译为一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。可能进行分译的短语有：,（,1,）分词短语,13) He was dressed, sitting by the fire,looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.,他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。,这个,9,岁的男孩看上去病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。,14) He handed me my draft of the plan,completely modified,.,他把我的计划草案交还了我，,内容全改动了,。,（,2,）介词短语,15)The fire started,during the workmens dinner hour.,工人们吃饭时,，发生了火灾。,16),With all his faults, I like him.,尽管他有种种缺点,，我还是喜欢他。,（,3,）名词短语,17) Alice,normally a timid girl,argued heatedly with them about it.,阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘,，现在也和他们热烈地辩论起来。,18) You should consult your advisor, Dr. John H. Olson,Room 125D Science Wing, Phone,715 232-2604, concerning the planning of your program.,你应找你的指导教师约翰,.H.,奥尔森博士商量你的计划。,他在理科侧楼,125D,房间，电话是,715232-2604,。,C,长句分译,长句分译这里主要是指将含有一个或多个定语从句的英语长句分译为两个或多个汉语句子。,19) But underneath the sympathetic talk, they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds, rain, snow, cold, and storms upon the restless water.,然而，在这种富于同情的闲聊下面，他们实际上都有着一种强烈的羡慕之情；他们羡慕那些在惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们。,20) A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent.,一位年轻女士与一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然。,21) We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on the main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle, a businessman, is going to give him work in the store which he owns.,我们与戴维,.,斯旺本来毫无关系。直到有一天，我们见到,20,岁的他离家上了大路，去波士顿他舅舅家。他舅舅是做生意的，开了个店，安排他去那里做事。,II,合译法的使用,所谓合译法就是把结构松散的句子合并到一起，按照译语习惯加以构句的一种翻译方法。一般说来，英文行文严谨，翻译成中文多用分译，而中文行云流水，翻译成英语多用合译。但这只是一般规律，在实际翻译过程中，要应势而异，根据具体情况需要而定。合译主要有以下两种情况：,1.,合并简单句,A.,将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为一个汉语单句,1) It was 2 a.m. on a hot August night. In a San Francisco suburb, a man staggered out of a bar.,一个炎热的,8,月夜晚凌晨两点钟，在旧金山郊区，有个人摇摇晃晃的走出酒吧间。,2) People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die.,各地的人都是一样的。人们生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年人直至衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。,3) This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler.,这部小说纯属胡编乱造，没有多大文学价值。,4) A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy.,住在新郊区的人，觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡下，非常开心，因为这种城乡中和之地是他喜欢的。,5) They talked, they laughed, and they sat up the whole night.,他们又说又笑，通宵达旦。,注： 合译时，可以充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用。,6) Young people dont hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection.,年轻人总是不停地探索，渴求实验，乐于接受新思想，他们有朝气，思进取，永不满足，最求完美。,7) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.,她很有才智，雄心勃勃，工作努力，还善于解决问题。,B.,将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为汉语的一个联合复句,8) Pitcher was a quiet man. He didnt usually let his face show his feelings.,皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在脸上显露喜怒哀乐。,2.,合并并列句,将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句,9,）,Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her body nicely.,她一身素装简单而合身。,10,）,He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.,他喜欢热情文雅的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。,3.,合并复合句,将英语的主从复合句译合并译为汉语单句,11) Thats the only thing we can do now.,目前我们只能这样做。,12) Thats why you should put one item of information on each of information card.,因而每张资料卡上只应记一条资料。,13) When we praise her, we are not merely being polite.,我们对她的赞扬不仅仅出于礼貌。,14,）,Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Marthas.,许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。,15,）只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。,A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.,16),还是热，心里可镇定多了。 凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。,It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.,Practice 1,I was slow to understand the deep grievances of woman. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. (p. 94 E-C),I wasnt an enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was an ally. (p.93 E-C),When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes (,尼姆,), France(p. 93 E-C),Practice 2,Translate the following sentences:,1) We have decided to place a,trial order,for the following on the terms stated in your letter.,2) It is already dark, and the,chorus of insects and frogs,is in full swing.,3) Up the street they went,past,stores,across,a broad square, and then entered a huge building.,4) Please let us know if our terms are,acceptable,.,5) We are especially,thankful,to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.,6)The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan,was,not,settled,in the course of negotiations between the two countries (US & China) on establishing diplomatic relations.,Key,1) We have decided to place a,trial order,for the following on the terms stated in your letter.,根据来函条款，我公司决定,试订,下列货物。,2) It is already dark, and the,chorus of insects and frogs,is,in full swing,.,天已经擦黑，,虫鸣蛙噪,，,一片喧闹,。,3) Up the street they went,past,stores,across,a broad square, and then entered a huge building.,他们沿着大街走，,经过,许多商店，,穿过,一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。,4) Please let us know if our terms are,acceptable,.,请告是否接受我方条款。,5) We are especially,thankful,to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.,我们特别感谢你们在时间那么短促的情况下安排我们与机械交易团会见。,6)The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan,was,not,settled,in the course of negotiations between the two countries (US & China) on establishing diplomatic relations.,美国向台湾当局出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中没有得到,解决,。,In-class practice,1. Most prisons are the kind of place youd be,desperate,to escape from, not somewhere youd possibly conceive of escaping to.,大部分的监狱都是人们拼命想要逃离的地方，而不会是你想要逃去的好地方。,2. But this former Oxford prison has been converted into a boutique hotel by the fashionable,Malmaison,chain and offers the kind of luxurious living that former convicts could only have dreamed of.,不过这座维多利亚时期的监狱被时尚的玛拉玛逊酒店连锁改建成了一座精品酒店，提供着豪华舒适的住宿环境，这应该是以前的那些犯人做梦也想不到的吧。,3. Rates: Double room 140 (US$233), suite from 195, duplex suite from 250, executive suite 350. Breakfast 12.95.,房价：双人间,140,英镑，套间,195,英镑，双层套间,250,英镑，商务套房,350,英镑，早餐,12.95,英镑。,4. The lodge can accommodate two couples and is,kitted out,with showers, a microwave and a fridge.,这座小屋可以招待两对夫妇，小屋,配备,有淋浴设备、微波炉和冰箱。,5. The real attraction are the fish; the lodge is like a goldfish bowl in reverse, where you sit and watch,angelfish,parrotfish, barracuda and snappers peering in at you through the window.,真正吸引眼球的地方是各种各样的鱼。住在小屋里就像你待在金鱼缸里一样，静静地坐着，你可以看到,神仙鱼,、鹦嘴鱼、梭鱼和鲷鱼透过窗户偷窥你哦。,6. The drainpipes are two meters in diameter and two and a half meters long, with a porthole to look out of, a front door to close and a cozy nest to,snuggle into, which includes a low-slung,futon, bedside lamp, woolly blanket and light sleeping bag.,这些排水管直径有,2,米，,2.5,米长，可以通过一个舷窗看到外面。有一个前门可以关上，还有一个舒适的窝可以,蜷缩着躺进去,。管道房间里还有,床垫,、床头灯、羊毛毯和一个轻便的睡袋。,7. Its novel, its bold, and the best part is that you pay as much, or as little, as you want.,这是新奇也是大胆的想法。最好的地方是：你想付多少钱就付多少钱，价格你说了算。,她婆婆挑起她与丈夫间的不和,Her mother-in-law,drove a wedge between,her and her husband.,盛气凌人的,，以恩人态度自居的,patronizing,我对他没感觉。,I dont have,the chemistry about,him.,我想追求她。,Im trying to,make a pass at,her.,