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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,3,2,Iron and Effects of Exercise,Problem,Analysis,Solution,Evaluation,The whole essay is written in a typical,problem-analysis-solution-evaluation pattern.,I. Structure Analysis,Part I,(Para. 1-3),Central Topic:,Supporting details:,Exercise, even moderate exercise,may lead to reduced iron in the blood,of women.,A new study is cited to support the,topic.,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Part II,(Para. 4-6),Effect (Para. 4):,Iron deficiency is very common among women.,Cause 1 (Para. 5),Cause 2 (Para. 6),(As to Cause & Effect writing, please go to Structure Writing),Text StudyStructure Analysis,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Part III,(Para. 7-12),3 stages of iron deficiency (Para. 7-8),Check iron deficiency (Para. 9),Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency (Para. 10-12),II. Understanding Main ideas,Text StudyUnderstanding,The text looks into the question of iron and how exercise can affect its levels,in the human body. With the help of the given hints and according to the text, use your own words to elaborate the,relevant points.,Main Idea of Part I (Para 1-3),Three groups,of people who are likely to suffer from iron deficiency,1.Endurance athletes, particularly females (Para.1),2. Inactive women who started a program of moderate exercise (Para.2),3.The new exercisers who followed their normal diet (Para.3),Text StudyUnderstanding,Main Idea of,Part II (Para. 4-6),take in; only 2/3 of the recommended daily allowance,iron,loss,1. Too many women,ignore the amount of iron,they take in;,2.,Womens monthly bleeding,is a major source of iron loss;,3. Many women increase their risk of iron loss by,rejecting red meat,;,4. Women are liable to experience a deficiency as a result of,restricting their diet in weight control,4 general,causes,for iron deficiency (Para 4-6):,Text StudyUnderstanding,Main Idea of,Part III (Para. 7-12),3 stages of iron deficiency (Para. 7-8),Stage 1,symptoms,Stage 2,Stage 3,+,fatigue and,poor performance,often feel weak, tired and out of breath,Text StudyUnderstanding,Check iron deficiency (Para. 9),checking,the blood protein,a different compound,Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency (Para. 10),+,iron-rich foods,Best sources of irons?,Main Idea of,Part III (Para. 7-12),meat, chicken, fish,beans,leafy green vegetables,dates,supplements,Text StudyUnderstanding,Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency (,Para 12,),+,No,Yes,No,Main Idea of,Part III (Para. 7-12),iron-added cereals,or,Yes,ceramic cooking pot,iron pan,+,or,III. Summary,Text StudySummary,It is not infrequent for the bodies of endurance athletes to be deficient in iron. In particular, female athletes often have this problem. Even _ exercise can cause the problem. A study indicated that formerly _ women showed a _ in iron levels. Iron deficiency _ many women, including exercising women, health-_ women,etc.,moderate,inactive,decrease,affects,conscious,There are _ stages of iron deficiency. However, most people with low iron _ dont know they have a deficiency. So its advisable for people to have a _ blood test. In addition, people are suggested to _ their diet or take _,such as adding more,_,foods.,III. Summary,Text StudySummary,3,reserves,yearly,modify,supplements,iron-rich,But the new exercisers who,followed their,normal diet,showed a decrease in iron levels.,(L11),But those women who began a program of exercise while,going on with their diet as usual,showed a,decrease in iron levels.,IV. Focus Study,但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。”,2.,Plus, many,health-conscious,women increase their risk by rejecting red meat (L19),In addition, many women who,care much about their health,refuse to eat red meat such as beef and mutton and thus increase the danger of losing iron ,此外，许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉,3. And because women often,restrict their diet,in an effort to control weight, they may not,consume,enough,iron-rich,food, and are,liable,to experience a deficiency. (L22),And because women often,limit their food, trying to control weight, they may not,eat,enough food,containing much iron, and therefore are,likely,to have less iron than necessary.,而且，由于女性常常为了控制体重而节食，从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物，结果可能导致缺铁。,4. For a woman who already,has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to,tip her over the edge,into a more serious deficiency (L27),For a woman who,is already lack of iron, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to,bring about,a more serious deficiency ,tip over the edge:,bring about a noticeable change,对于那些,已经缺铁,的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁离子流失都足以,导致,体内缺铁状况的恶化。,5. and exercise performance is severely compromised. (L38),运动成绩大打折扣。,be compromised = be affected,severely = badly,Notes to the TextFocus Study,6.,The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase,the level going up nearly 30,times,. (L67),absolute structure 独立结构,used to add more information to the object “a striking increase”,consume,vt.,(L10),1. eat or drink,2. use, esp. in large amounts,V. Words & Phrases,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,assume,presume,His old car consumed much gasoline.,(.耗油很多。),This is time-consuming work. (,需要时间的工作.,),Use It,假定,推测,派生词,consumption consumer,n.,近形词,Translation,a multiple vitamin and mineral,supplement,a special,supplement,to,a monthly financial magazine,The money they get from fruit-picking is often a,supplement,to,incomes earned in the town.,复合维生素和矿物质,补剂,一份金融月刊的,特别增刊,他们靠采摘水果所得的钱常常是城里所挣收入的,补贴,。,supplement,n.,(L10),Words and ExpressionsWord Using,respectively,ad.,(L14),separately in the order mentioned,同根词,respective:,respectful:,respectable:,respecting:,Practice,(对某人/某物,表示尊重,),恭敬的;,尊敬的,有礼貌的,(与“尊重”无关),各自的; 分别的,值得尊敬的,受人尊敬的, 高尚的,(,prep.,),关于；由于， 鉴于,respective respectful respectable respecting,Blank Filling,1. They listened in _ silence.,2. He was born in a _ family.,3.,These are problems _ population control.,4. They became successful in their _ fields.,5. _ the heavy rain, we had to put off the match.,6.,The older generation are _ of tradition.,7. He is a _ professor and we are _.,respectful,respectable,respecting,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,respective,Respecting,respectful,respectable,respectful,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,ratio , rate,n.,(L14),e.g.,ratio,n.,+of/to a figure showing the number of times one quantity contains another, used to show the relationship between two amounts 比，比率，比例,The ratio of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1.,The,ratio of,nursing staff to doctors is 2:1.,MORE,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,ratio , rate,n.,(L14),e.g.,rate,n.,+of a quantity such as value, cost, or speed, measured by its relation to some other amount 比率,We drove at a,steady rate,.,The,birth rate,is the number of births compared to the size of the population.,The drug has,a high success rate,in curing the disease.,他们为了消除蝗灾正设法把十万只母鸡运往家乡。,They were trying to transport one hundred thousand hens to their hometown,in an effort to wipe out,the plague of locusts.,9. 为了,in an effort to (do sth.) (L. 23),为了,e.g.,毫不费力,勇敢地做某事,下功夫做某事,without effort,to do,sth,. by an effort of will,to make effort to do,sth,.,Phrases with “effort”,不仔细调查研究，你,就会得出错误结论。,Without careful investigation, you _ _.,上一页,to be,likely,to,可能；有倾向,to be liable to (L. 24),Translation,are liable,to come to a wrong conclusion,派生词,liability,(n. ),Words and ExpressionsWord Using,allowance,n.,(L26),the amount allowed or granted,sth. such as money, given at regular intervals or for a specific purpose,Most of our flights have a baggage,allowance,of 20kg per passenger.,The manager traveled on business with an,allowance,that covered hotel and restaurant bills.,MORE,Translation,我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客带20公斤行李。,这位经理出差时有包括食宿的补贴。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,随汗液流失/埋头工作沉思不胜惊奇,Translation,我们大家都被眼前的美景所吸引。,to be lost in sweat / ones work / thought/ amazement (L30),We were all lost in admiration of the beauty before our eyes.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,compromise,v.,(L38),Translation,你如果与这些人交往就会,损害,你的好名声。,他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受到,损害,。,You will,compromise,your good name if you associate with these people.,They refused to,compromise,their principles by doing a deal with the terrorists.,Key,1),expose somebody or something to danger,连累,危及,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,compromise,v.,(L38),Translation,他拒绝,放弃,原则。,政府是否准备向工人就其工资要求进行,妥协,呢,?,经过一番讨论后我们在贸易问题上达成了,妥协,。,Key,He refused to,compromise,his principles.,Is the government prepared to,compromise,with,the workers,over,their pay demand?,After some discussion we reach we reach a,compromise,on,the trade.,2),settle by concession,妥协, 折衷,compromise with sb. on/over sth.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,sufficient,adj.,(L46),enough,e.g.,There is no sufficient evidence to show that he is guilty.,近形词,派生词,sufficiently (ad.),sufficiency (n. ),近形词,efficient,有效率的,（efficiency n.),反意词,insufficient (a.),throw up,(L57),vomit; be sick,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Translation,这强烈的气味使我呕吐了。,The strong smell made me throw up.,Key,More Phrases,throw away,放弃，丢掉；,throw out,否决，不接受；,throw over,放弃，跟（某人）吹了,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,derive from,(L66), obtain (especially a feeling or an advantage) from,e.g.,He is one of those people who can,derive,pleasure,from,helping others.,有些人,从,帮助他人中,得到,快乐，他便是其中之一。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,derive from,come from,Translation,The town,derives,its name,from,the river on which it was built.,这个市镇沿河而建，,由此得,名,。,Key,近形词,deprive: take away from,剥削，夺去,deprive sb./sth. of sth.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,interfere with,(L70),prevent sth. or slow down the progress, touch or change sth. without permission,Translation,很多人认为科学家不该做,干涉,大自然的事。,Many people feel that scientists shouldnt interfere with nature.,Key,interfere with,Comparison,interfere in,e.g.,I have never,interfered in,his affair.,我从不,干预,他的事。,interfere in sth.,指别人未请而自己主动参与,interfere with sth.,指阻碍事情发生,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,1. I,turned down the radio lest it should interfere _ his lessons.,2. We have no right to interfere _ the internal affairs of other countries.,3. Every time the telephone rings it,interferes _,my work.,with,in,with,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,remedy,v./ n.,(L74),v.,correct or improve a situation,n.,a solution to a problem; a cure for pain or minor illness,Translation,Efforts,to remedy,this fault must begin right away.,Warmth is,the best remedy,for a cold.,要立即,纠正,这个错误。,热疗是治疗感冒最好的,方法,。,Key,运动医学专家,a sports medicine expert,耐力运动员,耐力运动,缺铁,an endurance athlete,endurance exercise,iron deficiency/iron loss,iron supplements,铁离子补充剂,women of child-bearing age,育龄女性,含铁丰富/加铁的食品,iron-rich food;,iron-added food;,food with fortified iron,Words and Expressions E to C,VI. English to Chinese,(To be continued),消化系统,digestive system,血管,疲劳,血蛋白分子,blood vessel,fatigue,molecules of blood protein,iron reserve,铁离子储量,blood test,验血,physician,内科医生,surgeon,外科医生,substance,物质,Words and Expressions E to C,(To be continued),适度的锻炼,反弹,四人中有一人,多达，直到,吸入，吞入,而且有保健意识的,羊肉、牛肉,有. . 倾向的,呼吸急促，气喘吁吁,大打折扣,长跑运动员,验血,铁锅,弥补不足,moderate exercise,bounce back,one in four,up to,take in,plus health-conscious,red meat,be liable to,out of breath,be severely compromised,long distance runners,blood test,iron pot,remedy the deficiency,iron deficiency (L13),reduced iron in the blood (L3),iron loss (L6),a decrease in iron levels (L12),缺铁的几种表达方式,Structure W,riting,Practical Writing,From effect back to causes,From cause to effects,I. Structure Writing,1. Structure Analysis,Cause and effect is one of the most commonly used writing techniques.,There are two types:,WritingStructure Writing,2. Sle Paragraph,WritingStructure Writing,Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, Lyle says, that “too many women,ignore the amount of iron they take in”.,Women of childbearing age are at greatest risk, since their,monthly bleeding,is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by,rejecting red meat, . And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may,not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a,deficiency.,Effect,Causes,3. Tips for writing,Write an effect.,Offer some causes.,WritingStructure Writing,or,Write an cause.,Offer some effects.,4. Your Task,Write a paragraph with Cause & Effect method.,Topic:,Human population has increased rapidly.,(from effect to causes),2. The knowledge economy brings a lot of,benefits to a country. (from causes to,effects),WritingStructure Writing,For your reference,From effect back to causes,Sle,Human population has increased rapidly.,There are two major reasons for this rapid growth of population in modern times.,First, the industrial and agricultural revolutions, starting in 1650, led to increases in supplies of food and other necessities so that a bigger population can be sustained.,Second, the emergence of modern medicine, starting in 1850, enabled people to live longer and healthier lives and produced more children. These two reasons show why human,population increases a lot.,WritingStructure Writing,(For reference) From effect to causes,The knowledge economy brings a lot of benefits to a country.,Compared to other forms of economic activity, the knowledge economy is,energy-saving,and,environment-friendly,. It also,accounts for,a growing percentage of each countrys gross domestic product, as well as providing jobs for more and more people.,In addition, it can help raise the overall quality of a countrys labor force,and training more specialized personnel.,(For reference) From cause to effects,WritingStructure Writing,
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