专四A talk 技巧

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,TEM 4,听力辅导,-,TALK,第一部分：考试介绍,第二部分：题型分析,第三部分：,语言特征分析,（重点）,第四部分：应试技巧 （重点）,2,1.,考试介绍,要求：“,能听懂英语国日常生活、社会生活和学习的演讲和会话。,理解大意,，领会,说话者的态度、感情和真实意图,。能做,简单笔记,，能辨识各种英语变。,”,设计：一篇,500,字,长度的微型讲座和一项填空任务，要求考生边听边做笔记，然后完成,10,题填空,；填空以,提纲形式,出现。,3,1.,考试介绍,选材特点：自,2004,新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容,2005,Writing a Research Paper (,科研,),2006,Meaning in Literature,（文学）,2007,What Can We Learn from Art?,（艺术）,2008,The Popularity of English,（语言）,2009,Writing Experimental Reports,（科研）,4,1.,考试介绍,2010,Paralinguistic Features of Language (,语言,),2011,Classifications of Cultures,（文化）,2012,Observing Behavior,（科研）,2013,What Do Active Learners Do,（学习）,2014,How to Reduce Stress,（,通识）,2015,Understanding Academic Lecture,（学习）,2016,What is Grit,（通识）,5,1.,考试介绍,文体特点：,讲座,文体正式,（但话语标记有时正式有时非正式），,语言规范，逻辑严密，结构分明,；,含有,专业名词或术语,（,e.g.,lingua franca,）；,时间分配（一般）：,8,分钟左右讲座（边听边记录）,2,分钟检查笔记,6,2.,题型分析,2.1,关键信息题型*,一级要点：讲座提纲的大标题,二级要点：讲座提纲的小标题,2.2,推理判断题型*,根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，一般会有多种正确答案,2.3,概括总结题型*,在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结，有一定难度,7,2.1,关键信息题型,一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点,/,大标题,要点排列有序，此类题目一般笔记不遗漏要点就能准确回答,II. Reasons for the popular use of English,1),(3),2) Economic reasons;,3),(6),in international travel;,4) Information exchange;,5) Popular culture;,2008,8,2.1,关键信息题型,二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点,/,小标题,二级要点在一级要点之下，一般是列举、阐述、解释、分类等细节信息；题目很直观，解题有赖于认真仔细的记录和准确记忆,II. Types of Information,A. Information in history is (2)_,- facts, but no opinion,B. Information in art history is subjective,-,(3)_,and opinion 2007,9,(1),熟悉一般学术讲座的结构,Opening,开场白,Thesis,主题,Connection,承接,Body,正文,Summary,总结,Closing,收尾,10,3.,讲座结构和标记话语,讲座的结构实例分析,2008 (1),Opening,开场白,：,“Good morning, everyone.”,Thesis,主题,：,“Todays lecture is about the popularity of English.”,Connection,承接,：,“,Although English is NOT the language with the largest number of native or “first” language speakers, .what is a lingua franca? The term refers to,”,“Then, actually how many people speak English as either a,first,or a,second,language”,11,讲座的结构实例分析,2008 (2),Body,正文,“Then, we may ask a question”,“First is the historical reason ”,“Now, the second major factor ”,“And the third factor related to the popular use of English is ”,“Another factor has something to do with information exchange ”,“The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture”,12,讲座的结构实例分析,2008 (3),Summary,总结,“Now, to sum up, in today,s lecture, we have reviewed some of the reasons”,Closing,收尾,“OK, this brings us to the end of today,s lecture. Thank you for your attention. ”,13,Practice,Please identify the following parts in the manuscript of Section A Talk in TEM4-2016,Opening,开场白,Thesis,主题,Connection,承接,Body,正文,Summary,总结,Closing,收尾,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,(,十二类,),Introducing,介绍,/,导入,Giving background information,交代背景,Defining,定义,Listing,列举,Giving examples,举例,Emphasizing,强调,Clarifying/Explaining,解释,Moving on/Changing direction,承接,/,转接,Giving further information,递进,Giving contrasting information,转折,Classifying,分类,Concluding 总结,15,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Introducing,介绍,/,导入,Today,，,what I intend to say is,Today,，,what I,d like to do is to discuss,Today,，,what I intend to do is to explain,In my talk today, / my topic today is,Today, I,m going to talk about,Today,，,I,m going to talk to you about,In this talk, I would like to concentrate on,Today,，,the subject of this talk is,Indirect Way: I think,as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that, and in the end, you,have to write a research paper. 2004,16,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Giving background information,交代背景,As we know,As we have already seen,As we have all read,It,s clear that,It goes without saying,We all understand,It is understood,You,ll remember,17,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Defining,定义,X,is,is called,is known as,may be defined as,is a type of Y that/which,18,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Listing,列举,Firstly,Secondly,Next,Then,Thirdly,Lastly,Finally,First of all,In the first place,For one thing,To begin with,In the second place,For another thing,The,first/second/,next/last,point I,d like to make is,19,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Giving examples,举例,For example,For instance,You only have to think of,Remember,Say,Take something for example,20,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Emphasizing,强调,I want to stress,I,d like to put emphasis on,It,s important to remember that,We should bear in mind that,Don,t forget that,The essential point is,21,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Clarifying/Explaining,解释,In other words,That is to say,To put it another way,By which I mean,Or you could say,The point I,m making is,That is, Namely, i.e.,That means,It turns out that,22,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Moving on/Changing direction,承接,/,转接,That,s all I want to say about X.,OK / Now / All right,Having looked at , I,d now like to consider,I,d like now to move on to,Turning now to,So let,s turn to,Moving on now to,23,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Giving further information,递进,Furthermore,Another point,A further point,In addition / Moreover / Similarly,Apart from,Not only , but,We can add / I could add that,Further / As well as / Besides,24,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Giving contrasting information,转折,Although,However,On the other hand,Whereas,Despite,Nevertheless,But,Alternatively,25,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Classifying,分类,There are,N,types,kinds,classes,categories,sorts,varieties,of,X,26,(2),熟悉讲座常见的话语标记,Concluding,总结,That completes my lecture.,We,ve seen that,First we looked at and we saw that,Then we considered . . and I argued that,In short,To sum up,In conclusion, I,d like to emphasize that,27,2017,考题，话语标记标注实训,请将,2017,讲话中的录音文稿进行话语类型标记，之后请同学们举一反三，将往年真题进行总结归纳，平时听力训练中注意有意识地对这些“信号”形成积极回应。,28,4.,应试技巧之：如何记笔记,如何记,记什么,实际操练,如何记笔记,养成良好的版面布局和工整习惯。,形成个性化的简写和符号体系。,养成良好的笔记习惯,形成个性化的简写和符号体系,一是多用简写。,简写方法：,1.,只记前几个字母。,2.,使用撇号代替中间字母。,3.,利用常用的缩写。,4.,根据发音改变拼写。,5.,用汉字。,形成个性化的简写和符号体系,二是多用符号。,1.,数学符号,2.,惯用符号,3.,图形符号,4.,趋向符号,5.,英文字母,6.,英文小写缩写,7.,数字笔记,8.,逻辑结构记录,常用符号,*,= important, = less or equal, = more or equal, = increase, = decrease, = because, = therefore, = belong to,=,= conclude,& = and,记忆常见符号，熟练运用，多用箭头，线条表示逻辑组织关系。,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,o,表示,“人”,people/person,，因为,“,o,”,看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：,Jo,。,P,表示政治：,politics,那么,politician,就可以表示为,Po,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,Q,表示,通货膨胀,：,inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,O,圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等,: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,表示,错误,、,失误,和,坏,的概念：,wrong/incorrect,，,something bad,，,notorious,，,negative, etc.,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,=,表示,同等,概念：,means,，,that is to say,，,in other words,，,the same as,，,be equal to, etc.,表示,不同,概念：,be different from, etc.,表示,大约,概念：,about/around,，,or so,，,approximately, etc.,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,:,表示各种各样,说,的动词：,say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.,Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,?,表示,问题,：,question,，,issue,，例如：台湾问题：,tw?,记什么,记关键词或 关键信息,记数字,记专有名词,记列举信息,记逻辑关系,其一：记关键词,And second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification, because it is based on assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area.,记录重点：,And second, the,undertaking,of a,project,that,lacks,any,research justification, because it is,based on assumptions,that are,contradicted,by existing,findings,in the area,其二，记数字,Some research suggested a few years ago that between,320-380 million people spoke English,as a first language and anywhere between,250-350,million,as a second language,.,记录重点：数字和数字代表的内容。,其三,:,记专有名词,A low-context culture,is one in which,the message, the event or the action,is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the,surroundings,or the context. That the message, the event, the action has meaning in itself.,记录重点：在听到一个新的概念时，要做好记录的准备。,Low-context culture, message, event, action ,meaning, surroundings.,记举例信息,Some scholars argue that the formal properties of the text,like,grammar, diction, uses of image and son on and so forth, contain and produce the meaning,记录重点：听到,like,这类词是要尽量记录下来。,记逻辑关系,By contrast, one of the aim characteristic of art in the Middle East was, and still is, its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy.,记录重点：逻辑关系词,by contrast,显示的是,转折的关系,。,技巧,4,：不要给生词和外来词吓倒,录音：,second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychromic attitude toward time.,Here “poly” means multiple and “chronic” means time.,常见失误：听到生词,polychromic,就卡在那里，导致后面的内容也听不到，于是恶性循环。,对策：讲座中会有相应的解释。,4.,应试技巧之：怎么填？,技巧,1,：学会归纳总结,技巧,2,：灵机一动猜答案,技巧,13,：瞻前顾后看语法,听后,录音播放完毕后，应该尽快（十分钟其实很快过去）根据笔记现将有把握的空填上；后对不是十分确定的空结合提纲联系上下文和笔记全局考虑,注意词性转换,注意单词大小写,注意书写工整，不要违规涂改,50,PS:,平时的学习建议,深：多听有深度的材料,积累单词，巩固和推展专业知识,勤：勤做听写和速记练习,将速记和缩略符号熟练运用，听力水平的提高有赖平时的刻苦训练,广：注意对人文学科知识的广泛涉猎,扩大阅读面，拓展视野,51,推荐资源：,http:/itunes.berkeley.edu/,http:/www.archive.org/details/audio,http:/www.TED.com,http:/lectures.eserver.org/,52,