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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,书面表达专题,-How to write a letter for advice,写作要点：,1.,建议信：,作者就,有关问题,进行,分析,并针对这些问题提出自己的,看法和建议,。,2.,对象：,1,）,写给,个人,，就其遇到的,某个问题,提出自己的,看法和观点,；,2,）,写给,某个组织和机构,，就改进其服务提出,建议或忠告,。,3.,基本框架：,开头（,beginning,）,-,开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点,.(state your idea),主体,(body),-,对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议,(reasons and evidence),结尾,(ending),-,呼应开头，重申观点,(restate your opinion.),4.,注意事项：,1,）,建议信要写出写信的,原因,，建议的,内容,，提出建议的,理由,，提出的,理由要入情入理,，语气一定要,礼貌当先,。因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力；,2,）,建议的,角度要多样化,，避免重复。可从政治、经济、文化、伦理、法律以及个人等多角度给出建议；,3,）,符合英文信件的,基本格式,；,4,）,基本时态多用,一般现在时和一般将来时。,常用套语,A,建议信开头常用句式,(,照应材料,表明写作意图,),1. After I read your letter in the newspaper, I am sorry to know that,2. I am very glad to hear that you want to,3. I know you have trouble in,after reading your letter,I am writing to you for the purpose of ,I am writing to share some advice/opinions with you.,You have asked me for some advice with regard to and I will try to make some conductive suggestions.,7. You have asked me for my advice about/on ,B.,表达建议（,body,）,1 .I think it would be more beneficial if you could ,2. I would like to suggest/recommend that,3. If I were you, I would,4. Why not ?/ How (What) about doing ,5. is a good/great idea.,6. You may consider doing ,7. It would seem/seems to me that you could ,8. In my opinion, it would be wise to take the,following action.,9. When it comes to such a situation, I would like to,suggest that you should,First,/Firstly,/ Secondly,/ Then,/ After that,/ In the end,/ Finally, /Meanwhile, /Whats more,/,In addition,/ Besides,/ Furthermore, ,C.,建议信结尾常用句式,I believe you will take my advice into account/ consideration.,I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions/ recommendations practical/ useful/ helpful.,I will be more than happy to see improvements in this,regard.,I would appreciate it very much if you could consider,my suggestions.,5. I feel that it would be beneficial if you stick to it.,In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions,useful.,假如你叫孙军，是红星高中的学生，要给市长写一封信，反映学校门前交通拥挤现象，包括以下要点：,参考词汇,:,穿行,thread ones way,天桥,overpass,问题,建议,学校和一所小学毗邻，对着大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小,家长接送。交通更拥挤；学生过街在车辆中穿行危险。,政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。,第一步：审题,养成重视审题的习惯。,虽然基础写作题是半封闭性的，但审题仍然十分重要。现以样题为例，谈谈如何审题：,思考的问题,样题分析,第几人称？（,person,）,文章的体裁是什么？,要写的文章主题是什么,(topic),怎样安排信息点的顺序？,(order),动作是什么时候发生的？,(,时态,),(when),第一人称,一封信,建议政府采取措施舒缓交,通拥挤的状况,说理逻辑性,一般现在时,书面表达如何写？,三个步骤,Step 1 List the key points,Step 2 Make sentences,Step3. Form a passage and polish,适当运用模板,模板二：,Dear _(,对象,),，,I am writing to express my views concerning _(,问题,).,First and for the most, _(,建议一,). In addition, _(,建议二,). Whats more _(,建议三,).,I hope youll find these proposals useful.,Yours sincerely,Li Ming,Dear Bob,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on,(,引出主题,).,Here are a few suggestions.,First, it is important to,.,Then, it also helps to,.,Besides, it should be a good idea to,. You can also,. (,此三句,不同,的句式提出建议,),As to, I suggest,(,有时根据需要具体到某一反面,). In addition,(,其他建议,). Im sure,(,预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心,).,Im looking forward to,(,表达愿望,).,Sincerely yours,Li Hua,第二步：搜索相关词组或句型,问题,建议,学校和一所小学毗邻，对着大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小,家长接送。交通更拥挤；学生过街在车辆中穿行危险。,政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。,学校与一所小学毗邻,对着大街,stand next to primary face/be faced with the main street,Theres,a primary school near our school,and,both schools face the main street.,Our school stands next to a primary school,faced with/facing,the main street.,推荐句型：,There be+,并列句,非谓语结构,Standing,next to a primary school, our school is faced with/faces the main street.,润色,小建议,可将,stand next to,替换为高级词汇,/,短语,be located next to (near/beside/by),border/adjoin vt.,be adjacent to,与,毗邻,在,对面,be opposite to,The traffic is busy during the rush hours.,高峰期交通繁忙,.,traffic. during the rush hours,During the rush hours, there are so many cars and buses going on the road that the traffic becomes extremely busy.,so. that,with,结构,With so many cars and buses going on the road during the rush hours, the traffic becomes busy .,加之孩子小,家长接送,交通更拥挤,sendto, fetch. , which ,非谓语结构,.,Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, which,makes the traffic heavier.,Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, which makes / making,the traffic heavier.,加之孩子小，家长接送，交通更拥挤,Whats more, pick up. make.,To make things,worse/ Whats worse, many parents,coming,to pick up their children,make,the street more crowded.,Whats more, parents often,attend,their kids to school,resulting in,more serious traffic jams.,What makes things worse is that,children have to be picked up by their parents owing to their young age.,making the situation more serious.,making the traffic heavier,可意译为：,so. that.=tooto,The children are so young that parents have to send them to school and fetch them home, which,makes/,making,the traffic heavier.,making,可替换为：,causing, leading to, resulting in,“sendfetch”,可替换为短语：,pick up,润色,小建议,学生过街在车辆中穿行危险,thread ones way,，,when doing,It is dangerous for the students to thread their way among buses and cars when crossing the road.,固定句型,It is +adj. for to do.,Students are,risking,their lives,to,thread their way among cars.,润色,小建议,2. Some,are exposed to,danger when crossing the,ocean/ sea of,cars.,灵活运用其它的短语进行意译：,适当增加形容词和副词：,it is,extremely,dangerous,，,it is of,great/ tremendous,danger,suggest/suggestion,take steps/ measures/ action to do such as,政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。,My suggestion,is that,the government should,表语从句,固定句型,It is high time that(,虚拟语气,),It is high time that relevant authorities took some measures like building,I suggest that the government should take steps such as building an overpass.,简单句,1. In order to,release the stress,of traffic problems, ,润色,小建议,2.,Aimed at,solving these problems, the government should,A.,适当添加一些意思（过渡句）,The government,should,pay more attention to,it and,try to,solve it,.,B.,语义的意译,3.,Seeing,these matters,never will I stop urging,our government to take some measures.,For the sake of,improving the quality of traffic, it is significant to build,C.,添加形容词和副词,I,strongly,suggest,active/effective,measures,第三步,.,连句成文,但要注意：篇章的连贯性,Next to a primary school stands our school, facing a main street. _, its crammed with cars during the rush hour. _ children have to be picked up by their parents owing to their young age. _, its of great danger for the students to go through the traffic. _, it is high time that relevant authorities took some measures like building an overpass.,A. As a consequence,B. According to the phenomenon stated above,C. When it comes to traffic jams,D. What makes things worse is that,A.,C.,D.,B.,反面范例,反面范例,反面范例,反面范例,不推荐字体,优点：考生能灵活地处理各个信息点，大量运用非谓语，介词短语，从句，连词等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显个性和语言功底。,优秀作文范例,1,优秀作文范例,2,优点：考生的书面整洁，字体美观，运用,there be,句型，介词短语，从句，非谓语，套用句式等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显内涵和语言功底。,优秀作文范例,3,优点：考生运用倒装句，,so that,句式，精彩的表达以及虚拟语气等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显内涵和语言功底。,优秀作文范例,4,优点：该考生最大的特色是运用了大量的高级词汇等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显深厚的语言底蕴。,如何给阅卷人以好的第一直观印象,整体三部分,Heading,点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性,2. Body,中心记述部分；层次分明,3. Ending,小结；呼应主题,假定你是李华，你的英国朋友,Peter,来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。,注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头语已给出。,Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice no how to learn Chinese well._,_,Best wishes,Li Hua,参加中文学习班；,看电视，报纸，杂志；,学唱中文歌曲；,交中国朋友；,Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.,Here are a few suggestions.,First, it is important to take a Chinese course,as youll be able to learn from the teachers and practice with your fellow students.,Then, it also helps to,watch TV and read books, newspapers, and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.,Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs,because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.,In addition, You can also make more Chinese friends.,They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.,Try writing to me in Chinese next time.,Best wishes,Li Hua,为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王丽的身份给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。,注意：,1.,词数：,120,左右；,2.,文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。,Dear Headmaster,Im writing to express my views concerning our schools decision that all physical education should be cancelled.,常见连接词,表时间关系：,when / after /,before,/ until /,not until,as soon as / later / afterwards / soon / lately /,recently,/ since / eventually / from then on /,in the meanwhile (meantime),/ then / finally/ at last / all of a sudden / after a while / since then /,immediately / instantly / every time / each time / the first time,常见连接词,罗列观点：,Firstly / First of all /,To begin with,/,Above all / In the first place / On one hand,For one thing, Secondly /,Besides,/,Apart from,/,Whats more, / In addition,，,/,Furthermore, /,Moreover,，,/,Worse still, /,To make matters worse, / as well / On the other hand / For another thing, / Next, Finally / In the end / At last / Last but not,least,常见连接词,表列举：,for example (instance) / such as /,take for example / thats to say /,in other words / as follows,表条件关系：,if / unless / as long as /,on condition that, /,only if,常见连接词,表因果关系：,since / as / because / for / thanks to / due to/,owing to / as a result of /,for the reason that,/,now that,/,therefore,/ so / as a result,表陈述事实,:,in fact /,actually,/,as a matter of fact,/,to tell you the truth / to be honest /,honestly speaking,常见连接词,表让步转折关系：,however / but / on the contrary /,nevertheless,/,instead,/,despite,/,in spite of (the fact that ),/ whereas / though / although / as /,even if (though),/ while / in contrast / after all,表目的：,For this reason / purpose,For the purpose of , so that ,in order to / so as to,常见连接词,表总结：,As I have shown, / In short, / In brief, / In,conclusion, / In a word, / On the whole, /,All in all, / In general, / In summary, /,As has been stated, ,表换种方式表达：,in other words / that is to say /,to put it another way,如何算是一篇好文章？,覆盖了所有的要点,应用了较多的语法结构和词汇,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。,要点全,词汇,句型 （高级）和语法多样化（较复杂）语言地道,连接词,
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