Module6语法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Module 6,Old and New,Grammar,非限定性定语从句及定语从句的省略,Learning Aims,1. 知识目标,：,掌握非限定性定语从句的用法，及其与限定性定语从句的区别；掌握定语从句的省略情况。,2. 技能目标,：,通过练习巩固概念，促使知识向能力过渡,Lead-in：比较下面两个定语从句,1. Football is a game,which,is very interesting.,_定语从句,2. Football,which,is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.,_定语从句,限定性,非限定性,一,、,Non-defining attributive clauses非限制性定语从句,Football,which,is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.,非限定性定语从句往往用,_,(标点符号)与主句隔开，对先行词只做附加说明，它与主句的关系,_,(密切/不密切)，如果被去掉，_(影响/不影响)主句内容。,逗号,不密切,不影响,非限定性定语从句的引导词,关系代词：,which; who; whom; whose; as,关系副词：,where; when;,关系代词：,which,1. His new house,which,lies at the foot of the mountain, cost him nearly ten thousand dollars.,2. This novel,which,I have read twice, is very moving.,which 指_，在定语从句中作_语或 _语；,物,主,宾,关系代词：,who,1. Tom,who,is our gardener, says that there will be no apples this year.,2. Mr. Zhang,who,my father is talking to, is a famous actor.,who指_，在定语从句中作_语或_语,人,主,宾,关系代词：,whom,whom指_，在定语从句中作_语,宾,人,Her employer,whom,she dislikes, says he is not satisfied with her work.,关系代词：,whose,The writer,whose,books are best loved, once lived in this district.,2. The house,whose,windows are broken, is unoccupied.,whose一般指_，也可指_，,在从句中做_, 起限定作用。,人,物,定语,关系代词：,as,1. To write a dull book,as,many poor writers could do, was unworthy of him.,2.,As,is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health.,as指_或_，在从句中作_语、_语。,人,物,主,宾,相同点,：(1)在从句中都可充当主语或宾语；,(2)修饰的可以是整个主句或主句的一部分；,(3)当先行词是整个主句，且as/which在定语从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。,不同点,：(1)as引导的从句在可位于,主句之前或之后,，且as意为“正如”,(2)which引导的从句要放在,主句之后,，且which意为“这就是”,as/which在引导非限时的异同点。,A.,_,is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health.,翻译：,B. He turned out to be very successful,_,was we expected.,翻译：,C. We shall have our final exams next month,_,has been announced.,翻译,D. He lives in Beijing, which _ about four hours ride from here.,完成下列句子,As,众所周知，吸烟有害健康。,which,结果他非常成功，这正是我们所期望的。,as/which,我们下个月要进行期末考试，这正如宣布的那样。,is,误区提示,1. 关系代词在,非,限定性定语从句中充当,宾语,时,不能,省略。,2. 关系代词,that不能,引导非限定性定语从句。,关系副词,:,where,1. We went to Qingdao,where,I ever swam in the sea.,2. He has gone to America,where,he will spend two years.,where,在从句中作_语。,地点状,关系副词,:,when,1. Sunday is a holiday,when,people do not go to work.,2. We will put off the picnic until next week,when,the weather may be better.,when,在从句中作_语,时间状,注意：,介词+which/whom可替换关系副词,A. This is the house where I lived two years ago.,= This is the house,_,I lived two years ago.,B. Do you remember the day when you joined our club?,=Do you remember the day,_,you joined our club?,in which,on which,注意：,介词+which/whom可替换关系副词,C. The two things,_,Carl Marx was not,sure,were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about),D. This is the pilot,_,I bought a camera.,about which,For whom,小结：介词+ which/whom结构中介词一般由以下几个方面决定：,根据先行词确定；,根据从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配确定；,根据从句中做表语的形容词确定；,根据全句的意思确定。,关系副词,why,不能引导非限定性定语从句,误区提示：,1. She is the person,(who/whom),youve been expecting to meet.,2. This is Miss Li,who/whom,youve been expecting to meet.,小结,：非限定性定语从句用,_,(标点符号)与句子隔开，与主句关系,_,(密切/不密切)，且关系代词在从句中做宾语时,_,(可省/不可省)；限定性定语从句不用标点符号与句子隔开，且与主句关系,_,(密切/不密切)，关系代词在从句中做宾语时,_,(可省/不可省)。,限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别,逗号,不密切,不可省,密切,可省,2. My son failed again in the exam,which,made me very angry.,小结,：非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是,_,，而限定性定语从句不行。,3. My house,which,I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.,This novel,which,I have read twice, is very moving.,小结,：当先行词是专有名词，或由,_,和,_,修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限定性的。,整个句子,物主代词,指示代词,一、,限定性,定语从句中关系代词做,宾语,可省略。,Is that the address,to which,you sent the telegram?,注意,：,当关系代词whom/which,位于,介词,之后时，,不能省略。,二,、定语从句的省略,二、将定语从句变为非谓语动词。,1. This is the best thing,that,we can do,in memory of our beloved teacher.,=This is the best thing,to do,in memory of our beloved teacher.,ex. The farmers use wood to build a house,in which,they can store grain,.,=The farmers use wood to build a house _ grain.,小结：定语从句可转换成,_,短语。,to store,不定式,2. The train,that,leaves from Platform 5,goes to Beijing.,=The train,leaving from Platform 5,goes to Beijing.,ex. Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours.,= Yesterday we had a meeting,_,two hours.,小结,：当关系代词为定语从句的主语，从句中的谓语又是主动时，可转化成,_,短语，但是要注意主从句的时态保持一致。,lasting,现在分词,3. The house,which,was damaged in the fire,will be rebuilt soon.,= The house,damaged in the fire,will be rebuilt soon.,小结,：当关系代词为定语从句的主语，从句中的谓语又是被动时，可转化成_,短语，表被动或完成，其动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。,过去分词,