国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)Terms-of-Commodity课件

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2020/11/30,SEIB OF GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of Commodity,国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of Commodity国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of CommoditySEIB OF GDUFS2Learning objectives After reading this chapter you should be able to,explain the different ways of quality stipulation,outline the quantity measurement units and systems,describe the approaches to weight calculation,understand the functions and features of different types of export packaging,identify marking on the packing of goods for international sales,compose quality, quantity and packing clauses properly 2020/11/30,Learning objectives,After reading this chapter you should be able to,explain the different ways of quality stipulation,outline the quantity measurement units and systems,describe the approaches to weight calculation,understand the functions and features of different types of export packaging,identify marking on the packing of goods for international sales,compose quality, quantity and packing clauses properly,2020/11/30,2,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.1 Name of commodity,Significance,CISG Article 35: The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and,description,required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract,Issues,concerning stipulating name in sales contract:,being clear, specific& precise,being practical,adopting the widely accepted name (HS Code),2020/11/30,3,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,Definition:,refers to the intrinsic elements of commodities including the internal properties or ingredients as well as the external appearance,.,2020/11/30,4,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality: ways of quality stipulation,2020/11/30,5,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Specification,comprise some important indicators such as composition, content, purity, length, size, etc.,Example,China Sesame Seed,Moisture: 8% max.,Admixture: 2% max.,Oil content: 52% basis,2020/11/30,6,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Sale by grade,be indicated simply by stating its grade, as presumably the seller and the buyer are supposed to have reached a consensus on the classification implication of grades.,to avoid misunderstanding and the subsequent disputes, however, it is recommended to lay down some major specifications,2020/11/30,7,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,sale by grade: example,Fresh Hen Eggs, shell light brown and clean, even in size,Grade AA: 60-65gm per egg,Grade A: 55-60gm per egg,Grade B: 50-55gm per egg,Grade C: 45-50gm per egg,2020/11/30,8,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Sale by standard,when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards.,Example,Tetracycline HCL Tablets (Sugar Coated) 250mg. B. P. 1973,China Northeast Soybean 2006 New Crop, F. A. Q:,Moisture 15% max.,Admixture 1% max.,2020/11/30,9,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Sale by standard: F.A.Q. & G.M.Q,F.A.Q.:,indicating that the quality of the a product offered is about equal to the average quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time (e.g. a year.),generally suitable for agricultural products.,G.M.Q.:,the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller,used sometimes as the bottom-line of quality requirement.,2020/11/30,10,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Sale by brand name or trade mark,to define the quality of some products by simply referencing to their brand names or trademarks,.,Examples,Sony Televisions,Haier Refrigerators,Tigerhead batteries,Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C,2020/11/30,11,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by description,Sale by origin,to use the name of the place of origin as the indication for quality,Example,West-lake Longjing Tea, Grade 1, Zhejiang Origin,2020/11/30,12,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality Sale by description,Sale by descriptions or illustrations,specific descriptions, sometimes with illustrations,Example,Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C, quality and technical data to be strictly in conformity with the instructions attached.,Haier Refrigerator, Model XXX ,quality and technical data to be strictly in conformity with the descriptions submitted by the seller.,2020/11/30,13,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation Sale by sample,Sale by sample,Definition: a sale when the seller and buyer agree that sample is used as the basis of quality and condition of the goods to be delivered.,Example,Teddy Bear Size 15, Quality as per Sample X071118A,2020/11/30,14,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality stipulation sale by sample,Sale by sellers sample,made on the basis of the sample provided by the seller,Sale by buyers sample,made on the basis of the sample provided by the buyer,Sale by counter sample,Counter sample: a replica made by the seller of the sample provided, normally by the buyer,counter sample used as the basis for quality,to remove the risk of the seller,a good substitute to sale by buyers sample,2020/11/30,15,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,Issues concerning quality clause in sales contract:,adopting the right way,avoiding double standard,being clear, practical and reasonable,making use of Quality Latitude or Tolerance,making price adjustment when necessary,inserting sellers protecting clause when necessary,2020/11/30,16,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,Quality latitude: definition,the permissible range within which the quality of the goods delivered by the seller may be flexibly controlled,Quality tolerance: definition,the quality deviation recognized in the trade, which allows the quality of the goods delivered by the seller to have certain differences within a range,2020/11/30,17,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,How to stipulate quality latitude/tolerance,to stipulate a certain scope,e.g. the width of the cotton cloth is 47/48 inches.,to stipulate “max” or “min”,e.g. Moisture: 8% max.,Admixture: 2% max.,to stipulate more or less,e.g. ducks down content 18%,1%,2020/11/30,18,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,Stipulating quality latitude: examples,“Quality shall be about equal to the sample”,“Quality is nearly the same as the sample”,“The quality of the goods shipped to be about equal to the sample”,“Shipment shall be similar to the sample.”,2020/11/30,19,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.2 Quality,Safeguard Clause: examples,“It is the buyer rather than the seller who shall be responsible for any disputes arising from the infringement of the third partys intellectual properties.”,For any cotton piece goods produced with the design, trade marks, brands, and/or stampings provided by the buyer, should there be any disputes arising from the infringement upon the third partys industrial property rights, it is the buyer to be held responsible for it.,2020/11/30,20,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Units of quantity calculation,Weight: metric ton, tonne, kilogramme, long ton, short ton,Number: piece, dozen, set,Length: meter, kilometer, yard, foot, inch),Area: km,2, yd,2, ft,2,Volume: km,3, yd,3, ft,3,Capacity: liter, gallon, quart, pint, bushel,2020/11/30,21,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Measurement systems,the Metric System,the U.S. System,the British System,the International System of Units (S.I.),2020/11/30,22,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Ways to stipulate weight,gross weight,net weight,gross for net,conditioned weight,theoretical weight,legal weight,2020/11/30,23,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,gross weight,gross weight = net weight + Tare,net weight,Net weight = Gross weight Tare,If not stipulated, considered to be net weight,tare calculation,actual/real tare,average tare,customary tare,computed tare,gross for net,Goods priced by their gross weight instead of the net,2020/11/30,24,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Conditioned weight,Conditioned weight: equals to the dry weight of a commodity plus the standard moisture content,Conditioned weight,= Dried net weight x (1 + Standard regain rate),2020/11/30,25,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Theoretical weight,Theoretical weight = Unit weight x Quantity,Legal weight,Legal weight,= Net weight + Tare (immediate packing),2020/11/30,26,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Issues concerning quantity clause in sales contract:,clear, specific and avoid ambiguity,quantity latitude (more or less clause),latitude: how much more or less?,decision: at whose option?,pricing: contract rate or market price?,2020/11/30,27,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.3 Quantity,Examples of more or less clause:,800 metric tons, 5% more or less at sellers option,20,000 metric pairs, the sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less, the price shall be calculated according to the unit price in the contract,1,000 metric tons 5% more or less, at Buyers option with more or less portion priced at the market price at the time of shipment.,2020/11/30,28,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Functions of Packing,Protecting Goods,Facilitating Delivery,Reducing Cost,Promoting sales,2020/11/30,29,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Factors determining packing,Nature Properties of Cargo,Mode of the Transport,Customs or Statutory Requirements,General Fragility of Cargo,Weather,Ease of Handling and Stowage,Insurance,Transportation Cost,2020/11/30,30,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Types of packing,Sales packing,Transport Packing,unit packing:,drums, cases, bags, boxes .,collective packing:,pallet, flexible container ,2020/11/30,31,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Types of marking,Shipping marks,Indicative marks,Warning marks,Supplementary marks,2020/11/30,32,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Functions of shipping marks,to quickens the identification,to help avoid shipping errors,Contents of Shipping marks,Consignees code,Destination,Reference No.,Number of packages,2020/11/30,33,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Example of shipping mark,2020/11/30,34,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Indicative marks,to draw attention for proper handling,Examples,FRAGILE,KEEP DRY,2020/11/30,35,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Warning marks,to indicate dangerous cargoes,Suitable for dangerous goods such as explosive, inflammable, corrosive and radioactive cargos,Examples,EXPLOSIVES,POSION,2020/11/30,36,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Relevant issues concerning marking,Neutral Packing,no marking of the name of the country producing the goods and/or the name of the manufacturer,OEM,short form of Original Equipment Manufacturer.,use the brand name or trade mark designated by buyers on their manufactured goods,issues concerning property right,.,2020/11/30,37,SEIB OF GDUFS,4.4 Packing & Marking,Contents of packing clause in a sales contract,packing method,the material, dimensions, unit weight, filling material and reinforcement conditions if applicable,Examples,In new iron drums of 175 kg net each,In new single jute bags, 100 kg net each,packing cost,shipping marks,at sellers option,at buyers option, the relevant shipping marks should reach the seller xx days before the time of shipment,2020/11/30,38,SEIB OF GDUFS,谢谢！,