高中英语词类及用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语词类,英语中的单词可以分为十大词类：,1,名词,n.,teacher, book,等。,2,代词,pron.,we ,me, he,等。,3,数词,num.,two, fifth,等。,4,动词,v.,work, study, live,等。,5,形容词,adj.,good, big, beautiful,等。,6,副词,adv.,fast, quickly, hard,等。,7,冠词,art.,a, an, the,等。,8,介词,prep.,in, on, by, with,等。,9,连词,conj.,and, but,等。,10,感叹词,interj.,Oh,ah,等。,词类,意义和作用,句法功能,实词,名词,人或事物的名称,主、宾、表、定,代词,代替名词、形容词或数词,主、宾、表、定,形容词,表示人和事物的性质和特征,表、定、宾补、状,动词,表示动作或状态,谓语,数词,表示数量或顺序,主、宾、表、定,副词,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子,状语,虚词,词类,意义和作用,句法功能,冠词,用在名词前，表示名词的特指或泛指,不能独立作句子成分,介词,表示名词或代词与句子中其它词的关系,连词,连接词、短语、从句或句子,感叹词,表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感,名词作主、宾、表、定,My friend,is from Shanghai.,He asked,a lot of questions,.,Mr,Smith is,our teacher,.,There are some,school,things in my bag.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,代词作主、宾、表、定,We,like to play football after class.,Read after,me,These magazines are,ours,.,I saw the accident with,my,own eyes.,主,宾,表,定,形容词作表、定、宾补、状,The tea is very,strong,.,Harbin is a,nice,city,in north China.,Theres,nothing,serious,at all.,Dont make your parents,angry,.,Hungry and tired, he had to stop working.,表,定,定,宾补,伴随状,副词修饰,动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,作状语,He works,hard,on his subjects.,Im,quite,busy these days.,Tom always writes,very,carefully.,Luckily, she had got another chance.,修饰动词,修饰形容词,修饰副词,修饰全句,名词,(noun - n.),注意：名词使用要分清可数或者不可数,可数名词,C,不能单独使用，正确形式：,a book, the book, my book, this book, books,不可数名词,U,可单独出现，或用量词修饰,paper, some paper,a piece of paper, some pieces of paper,名词,(noun - n.),可数名词有单、复数之分,单数 复数,shop shops,bus buses,library libraries,图书馆,toy toys,玩具,man men,tooth teeth,牙齿,datum data,数据,代词,(pronoun -,pron,.),代指一类人,事或物。,1.,人称代词，如：,I, you, they, it,等；,2.,物主代词，如：,my, his, their, our, mine, hers,等；,3.,反身代词，如：,myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself,等；,4.,相互代词，如：,each other, one another,等；,5.,指示代词，如：,this, that, these, those, such, same,等；,6.,疑问代词，如：,who, whom, whose, which, what,等；,7.,关系代词，如：,who, whom, whose, which, that,等；,8.,不定代词，如：,some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything,等；,代词,(pronoun - pron.),代指一类人,事或物。,注意： 代词使用必须和它所代替的名词在,人称、数、性、格上取得一致,。,Mary,has,two cats,.,She,loves,them,so much.,She,often feeds,her,cats fish.,She,thinks,she,can look after,them,by,herself,.,The bigger cat is black.,It,is older, too.,Its,eyes are blue.,Its,beautiful.,动词,(verb - v.),表示动作或状态：,sign(,签字,),，,support(,支持,),，,have(,有,),，,exist(,存在,),等。,根据意义和作用可分为,:,实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。,实义动词,有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语，例如：,explain(,解释,),，,stay(,停留,),，,have(,有,),等。,系动词,作谓语时，后面需接表语。,常见英语系动词有：,be(,是,),，,seem(,似乎,),，,look(,看起来,),，,become(,变成,),，,appear(,显得,),，,get(,变得,),，,feel(,感到,),，,turn(,变成,),，,remain(,仍然是,),等。,动词,(verb - v.),情态动词,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气和情感。情态动词只能和原行动词一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有,can(,能够,),，,may(,可以，也许,),，,must(,必须,), could, might,等。,助动词,常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有,shall, will, have, be, should, would, do,等。,动词,(verb - v.),实义动词根据是否跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。,及物动词,(,vt,),后面要跟宾语。例如：,You must,consider,the matter carefully.,Have you,received,the letter?,不及物动词,(vi),后面不跟宾语，例如：,The old man,walked,very slowly.,He didnt,sleep,well last night.,动词,(verb - v.),动词有五种基本形式,:,原形 过去式,过去分词,现在分词,第三人称单数,live lived,lived,living,lives,build built,built,building,builds,eat ate,eaten,eating,eats,动词,(verb - v.),改错,He reading English now.,Great changes taken place since he left.,Such books written for middle school students.,is,have,are,数词,(numeral - num.),数目多少,(,基数词,),：,one,，,twenty,，,thirty-five,，,one hundred and ninety-five,顺序多少,(,序数词,),：,first,，,twentieth,，,fifty-first,形容词,(adjective - adj.),修饰名词或代词,，说明事物或人的性质或特征,lovely, kind, nice,形容词的比较等级,原级 比较级 最高级,big bigger biggest,difficult more difficult most difficult,good better best,连,(,接,),词,(conjunction - conj.),连接,:,词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子,并列连词,连接,并列关系,的词、短语、从句或句子，例如：,and(,和,), or(,或者、否则,), but(,但是,), for(,因为,), not only.but also(,不仅,.,而且,), neither.nor(,即不,.,也不,),。,从属连词,连接主从复合句的主句和从句，例如：,that, if(,如果,),whether(,是否,), when(,当,.,时候,), although(,虽然,), because(,因为,), so that(,结果,),。,副词,(adverb - adv.),修饰动词、形容词、副词,等,以说明动作或状态的特征。,1.,普通副词，例如：,together(,一起,),，,well(,好,),，,carefully(,仔细地,),等；,2.,疑问副词，例如：,when(,何时,),，,where(,何地,),，,how(,如何,),，,why(,为什么,),等；,3.,连接副词，例如：,therefor,(,因此,),，,then(,然后,),，,however(,然而,),，,otherwise(,否则,),等；,4.,关系副词，例如：,where, when, why,等。,副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。,介词,(preposition - prep.),又称前置词，,后面必须有名词、名词性词组或名词性从句,作它的宾语，构成介词短语。,He is interested,in,maths,.,make,up his mind,interview him,about what he has done,.,Tips,：,很多单词有多种词性。,right adj.,对的,n.,权利,fine v.,罚款,adj.,好的,fly v.,飞,n.,苍蝇,smoke v.,吸烟,n.,烟尘,own v.,拥有,adj.,自己的,Just adv.,刚才,adj.,正义的,Key n.,钥匙,adj.,主要的,well adv.,好,n.,水井,Tommy Tucker tried to,tie,Tammys Turtle,tie,.,汤米,.,塔克试图系上塔米的海龟领带,I,saw,a,saw,that could not,saw,any other,saw,I ever,saw,.,我见到一把锯，这把锯不能锯我曾看到的其他锯。,tongue twisters,Cat got your tongue?你的舌头打结了吗？,Canners,can,can,what they,can,can,but,can,not,can,things that,cant,be,canned,.,制罐者能够把他们能制罐的东西制成罐头,但是不能把不能被制罐的东西制成罐头,。,tongue twisters,Sound,travels at 1,000 feet per second.,Your idea,sounds,a good one.,Old as Cara is, she still enjoys,sound,health.,On his way home he bought some apples at fruit,stand,.,The injured driver can hardly,stand,the pain any longer.,This book,stands,high in my opinion.,猜猜看,声音,听起来,完好的,摊位,忍受,有,的地位,Goodbye!,Thank you!,