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,欢迎来到英语课堂,Unit 6,Earth first,Using language,现在分词和过去分词作补足语,(-,ing,and -ed as complement),【,语用功能,】,现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词,在句中除作状语、定语、表语外,还可作补足语,对主语或宾语作进一步的补充说明。,【,情境探究,】,观察上面对话,并完成句子,:,(1)We found her _.,我们发现她正在图书馆读书。,(2)He spoke loudly to make himself _.,他大声说话让别人听见自己。,(3)The classroom was found _.,人们发现教室里挤满了人。,reading in the library,heard,crowded with people,【,要义详析,】,一、宾语补足语,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。,1.,过去分词作宾语补足语,(1),及物动词,(,短语,),的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。,*,When we arrived at the school, we saw the door locked.,我们到学校时发现门被锁了。,*,We saw an old man knocked down by a passing car.,我们看见一位老人被飞驰而过的车撞倒了。,(2),少数不及物动词,(go, change, fall,等,),的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。,*,I found the leaves fallen two days ago.,两天前我发现这些树叶落下来了。,*,We found our country changed a lot with the reform and open policy.,我们发现,改革开放以来,我们的国家变化很大。,2.,现在分词作宾语补足语,动词的现在分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语,宾语和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。,*,The woman found a beggar lying on the bench.,这位女士发现一个乞丐正躺在长凳上。,*,When I entered the room, I saw him sleeping in bed.,当我进入房间时,我看见他正在床上睡觉。,常用宾语补足语的动词如下,:,(1),感官动词,(,表示感觉和心理状态的动词,)(,短语,),常见的有,: see, watch, look at; hear, listen to; feel, notice, observe, find; smell. . .,表示“感受到某人或某事被做”,*,He didnt,notice,the thief stealing his wallet.,他没有注意到小偷在偷他的钱包。,*,When he arrived, he,found,all the work finished.,当他到达时,他发现所有的工作都被做完了。,(2),表示“意愿,命令”的动词,如,like, want, wish, order, expect,等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了,to be,表示“希望,/,要求某人或某事被做”。,*,He didnt,want,such questions discussed at the meeting.,他不想在会上讨论这种问题。,*,I,would like,this matter settled at once.,我想立刻解决这个问题。,(3),使役动词,(,表示指使意义的动词,),常见的有,: have, get, make, leave, keep. . .,表示“致使某人,/,某事被做”,*,Have you,had,your hair cut?,你剪头发了吗,?,*I have to,get,my bike repaired.,我不得不去修我的自行车。,【,即学活用,】,语法填空,(1)I am afraid that I cant make myself _,(understand) due to my poor English.,(2)You will see this product _ (advertise),everywhere.,understood,advertised,(3)I could feel the wind _ (blow) on my face.,(4)The car was found _ (trap) in a pool by,the side of the road.,blowing,trapped,二、主语补足语,主语补足语,是对句子主语的补充,使得句子更加完整。如果原来含有宾语补足语的句子结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,那么原宾语补足语相应地成为主语补足语。,*,We saw her entering the room. (,宾语补足语,),*She was seen entering the room. (,主语补足语,),1.,过去分词作主语补足语,过去分词作主语补足语时,主语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。,*,Her new bike was found stolen by a stranger.,她的新自行车被一个陌生人偷走了。,*,The little boy was seen bitten by a dog.,有人看见这个小男孩被狗咬了。,2.,现在分词作主语补足语,现在分词作主语补足语时,主语和现在分词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。,*,Tony was seen playing computer games in his bedroom.,有人看见托尼在他的卧室里玩电脑游戏。,*,The girls were found singing loudly in their classroom.,他们发现女孩们正在教室里大声唱歌。,【,即学活用,】,语法填空,(1)The baby was found _(take) good care of by the babysitter.,(2)Freddie and his friends were seen _(play) basketball in the playground.,世纪金榜导学号,taken,playing,(3)The street was found _(flood) after the,storm.,(4)The cute dog was seen _(sleep) sound,on the noisy street.,flooded,sleeping,课间活动请同学们注意安全,安全小贴士,
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