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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Writing,Unit One,Introduction,Objectives of the class,1) A better understanding of “writing”,2) A better understanding of what,the students have brought into the,classroom,3) A better understanding of what,the teacher has brought into,the classroom,Content,*Teacher led discussion about “Writing”,*Lecture: language learning and teaching theories and practice,* Need analysis survey,*Preliminary plan of the term,1.,On writing,I Understand better about “writing”,A: Writing is a relatively difficult,skill to learn and to teach,Different from reading and listening,Different from speaking,1.,On writing,B: Writing well includes many aspects,1. word expressions/sentences,2. format /rhetorical patterns,narrative/descriptive/argumentation/exposition/letters/reports,1.,On writing,But “The art of writing is very much broader than the art of writing itself, or of the writing technique.”,1.,On writing,3.Other aspects a good writer might possess,Thesis: original, fresh /dull plain,(creative mind, keen perception of the world),Arguments: persuasive/weak (rich knowledge, many good examples),Reasoning: logical, competent/confused, incomplete(logical thinking, synthetic and analytic ability),”,1.On writing,Human life almost reads like a poem,.,It has its own rhythm and beat, its internal cycles of growth and decay.,It begins with innocent,childhood, followed by awkward,adolescence,trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a,manhood,of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight ease of tension, a mellowing of,1.,On writing,character like the ripping of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, and the gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time ,more kindlier view of life; then, in the,sunset of our life, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into,eternal sleep, never to wake up again. One should be able to sense the beauty of this rhythm of life, to appreciate its,main theme, its strains of,conflic,t and the,final resolution,. The movement of these cycles are very much the same in a normal life,but the music must be provided by the individual himself.,1.,On writing,That is why “Great writers are not taught. It is the gift , experience and knowledge”,II: Why do we spend such a long time on the course?,A: A requirement:,In college, postgraduate test,1.,On writing,B A beneficial skill:,1. good for learning(vocabulary/reading/other courses ),2. good for future work(foreign enterprises, teachers,) advantage for English majors,3. good for personal development(thinking ability, perception ability, accuracy) e.g,1.,On writing,III: How to learn it well?,1. write a lot,2. Read a lot,3. Experience and think a lot,2.What the teacher has brought into the classroom?,Education objectives,Second Language Learning,L2 Writing,Technology-based context,Education objectives(cognitive),Blooms taxonomy,(Bloom & Krathwohl, 1956),knowledge,comprehension,application,analysis,synthesis,evaluation,objectivist,constructivist,Epistemology,What is knowledge?,objectivism,constructivism,Constructivism,Create authentic environments that provide a relevant context for the learning,Focus on developing realistic methods to solving real-world problems,Stress conceptual interrelations and multiple perspectives,The instructor coaches the students on strategies,Learning should be controlled by the learner,The role of the tutor,“,sage on the stage”,“,guide by the side”,objectivism,constructivism,Language learning,Krashens comprehensible input hypothesis,(learning and acquisition),Swain(1985) comprehensible output hypothesis, that is “the opportunities to produce language were important for acquisition.”,organic perspective,Input and output are both important and form and meaning are inseparable.,Writing can combine both form and meaning and input and output, learn many things simultaneously and imperfectly.”,So writing and speaking continuously is a very essential way to learn language well.,Communicative activities may act as a,“switch” that can allow the “learnt” language to pass to the “acquired” store. (Harmer),We will place increasingly greater importance on roughly tuned input and communicative activities,How to teach advanced writing,1.provide authentic situation to write,2.Provide meaningful and authentic tasks .,Find out method to stimulate continuous writing.,3.Provide adequate input for reference,4.provide interactive opportunities to negotiate meaning.,5.provide various ways to respond to students writings.,Our situation and innovation,Technology-assisted,Virtual Learning Environment,The Iceberg model,face-to-face teaching,directed learning,independent learning,Roger Ottewill (CLT),On the Horizon 10,1,2002,assessed tasks,preparation& reflection,mastery,What,s in a VLE?,coursemanagement,student registrationstudent trackingaccess controlresource control,course information,syllabus and timetable learning objectives,student handbook FAQ,learning resources,bibliography and links,interactive self-study,case-studies,lecture notespresentations,communications,course email,discussion forums,file exchange,online chat,online assessment,quizzes and surveys,formative evaluation,instant feedback,automated analysis,IV. Our beliefs,Knowledge is mainly constructed by learners themselves by the interaction of their existing knowledge and the external knowledge,Writing is a skill trained not taught,Teacher is no longer a sage in the platform of the class but a guide to learners self construction of knowledge,Technology can provide many help that a traditional classroom cannot do. (though more demanding for teachers),1,st,Task,Writing an article “on writing”,；,
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