《大学英语(B)》网考答题技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,大学英语（,B,）,网考答题技巧,宁夏电视大学 杨 平,2010,年,5,月,一、走进“英语统考”,1,、 学校考试是,“,学业成绩测试,”,“,学业成绩测试,”,是学生一个学习阶段的小结。目的是检查学生是否掌握了所学的内容。,2,、 等级考试是,“,水平测试,”,“,水平测试,”,则是不考虑过去学生所用教材、所受训练，它根据特定的考试大纲编纂试题，设定某个成绩为合格分数线。,大学英语（,B,）统考经验汇总,大学英语（,B,）统考就是依照相应的考试大纲所制定的“英语水平测试”,。,“水平测试”中为了分辨出水平很高的考生，所以，试题中有一部分题是按照教学大纲中较高要求设计的。学生在准备统考的时候往往走入误区，以下经验是值得注意和借鉴的：,经验,1,：复习要抓住重点，有得有舍,完型填空和短文听力就是对平时水平的测试，很难在短时间通过做题有所提高。而对话，语法，作文可以在短期内提高分数，复习时应把时间和重点放在这里。,大学英语统考是全国性的统考，走“标准化”的道路。所谓“标准化”英语测试就是：,（,1,）内容和形式的标准化；,（,2,）评分的客观性和一致性；,（,3,）考试过程的标准化。,经验,2,：做选择题时，不要漏题,没把握的和不会的选项，不要空。但不要任意地选择。,集中,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,中某一个选项，尤其是你选择得比较少的那个选项，把它用黑线划出。,二、考前的准备,在统考前，同学应做思想上和技术上的准备。,1.,思想上的准备：应树立通过的信心。同时排除侥幸心理。,在考前有计划地，有重点地复习某些考试项目，能在短期内在成绩上有较快的提高，是完全有可能的。保证达到分数线是考前准备的最低目标。为了达到这个目标，就要把主要时间花在分项训练上。,二、考前的准备,2.,技术上的准备。,(1),备一本简易通俗的语法书。,(2),备一本相当英语三级水平的词汇手册。,(3),准备一些水平合适的阅读材料。,(4),备一本中级的有例句的英汉字典。考试不能靠电子词典。,(5),备一本简单的英语日常口语对话教材。,(6),考前按正式考试的程序，做几套模拟题。,英语知识运用技巧,这部分的试题以对话的形式出现，测试考生掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语的能力。交际用语试题在平时的学习过程中很少见到。所以在准备统考时，有必要重点复习一下。,复习交际用语需要做以下准备工作：,1,备一本简单的中级口语书。,2,复习英语中功能性的用语，如：问候语、感谢 语、道歉、接受、拒绝等。,3,熟悉西方社会生活中常见的情景对话，如：打 电话、购物、问路、借东 西、银行等等。,4,熟悉西方社会人们交际的基本礼节,。,阅读与理解技巧,一、外语阅读策略都要求学生不断进行假设、预言与推断。,即阅读一篇文章时，读了第一句就会对下面要讲的事有一种期待，根据逻辑关系和现有的知识结构推断下面会讲什么。 比如：我们读到一句话：,Yesterday he didnt come to school,下面是什么呢？下面肯定讲的是“,because,”,讲他为什么没来学校。 可是，当所读的篇章如果是生疏的，是我们没有涉猎的领域的时候。我们就很难预测了。 这说明什么问题吗？也就是说：阅读材料是我们熟悉的，哪怕较长我们也不觉得难。如果阅读材料生疏，读起来就如同爬山。那怕没什么生词，也费解。 所以，要提高阅读能力，就要“广泛阅读与阅读理解部分内容相近的读物。”要开阔阅读题材、题材的面。在中级英语学习阶段，主要集中在人文类的篇章：社会生活、名人轶事、历史发明、自然现象、人际关系、等等。,阅读与理解技巧,二、词汇是阅读的基础。,多年来的实验表明，在听、说、读、写四种语言技能中，词汇与阅读的相关度最大。影响考生阅读速度的主要原因是词汇量不够。 为了提高阅读理解的速度，考生应在平时注意扩大词汇量，把阅读篇章作为学习英语的重要内容。在我国，有些英语学习者把学习重点放在语法学习上，以为把语法学好了英语就好了。这是一种误解。语法是语言的结构关系，对于理解英语的句子和篇章的上下文关系都是非常重要的。但是，仅仅学好语法而忽略了语言内容的学习，就会影响词汇量的扩大。 另外，有些学生做阅读理解部分的题目。读完了，题也做了。对过答案后就开始读另一篇。这种满足于答案正确的做法使学生忽略了读书这个根本目的。同学们都有这样的体会。题也作了，答案也对过了。但是阅读材料中讲的到底是什么，读过之后没有任何印象。如果把阅读材料要当作精读来学习，文章读过了，词汇量扩大了，语感增强了。不仅阅读水平提高、词汇扩大、对完型填空的做题水平也会提高。,阅读与理解技巧,三、影响考生理解意思的主要原因是只注意了单句的理解而忽略了整篇的理解，或只注意了文字表面上的意思而忽略了深层含义及隐含意思的理解。,对篇章的理解建立在对句子之间和段落之间逻辑关系正确的判断。首先，应掌握文章所表达的主题思想和作者的态度。读者必须理解文章主张什么，不主张什么，作者支持什么，不支持什么，作者表面上赞同什么，而实际上赞同的却又是什么。读者只理解单句的意思，不注意上下文的逻辑关系，文章真正的含义就无法搞懂。考试时，考试的题目往往让考生选择最佳选项添补所提的问题。选择答案时考生特别要注意因果关系和顺序关系。文章中没有现成的答案，而是需要通过对文章的理解进行归纳、总结和推理才能得出。,阅读与理解技巧,四、阅读理解部分的考试方法一般是两种：,1,、一种是先读全文，再看问题，答题。,2,、一种是先读问题，事先形成一种阅读内容的梗概。然后再阅读材料中找答案。找到即可。,总之，阅读理解部分能够“投机取巧”答对题的机率并不高。应当重视平时积累，多看多读，扎扎实实地把阅读水平提上去。 英国伟大的哲学家培根在他著名的散文“,Of Studies”,论读书一文中讲“读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才,读书使人充实,读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀” 我们应该把阅读当作提高英语水平的基石来看待。,词汇与结构技巧,1,倒装句,.,以,only,和,not only, but also,开头的句子。,例：,Only in this way can we learn English well.,（注意：,can we learn,是个部分倒装形式）。 例：,Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away.,（注意,but,后的正常语序）, 以否定词,no, not, never, hardly, seldom,开头的句子。,例：,Nowhere else can you find such good quality furniture.,例：,Never before have I ever been so happy.,例：,So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.,A. did I know B. I had known,C. I knew D. was I known,词汇与结构技巧,2,强调式,例：,It is because she is very devoted to her student _ she is respected by them.,A. that,B. which,C. what,D. who,It is something (that),而不是,(which),It is Mr. Li (who) ,词汇与结构技巧,3,定语从句,例：,The company official _ I thought would be fired received a raise.,A. whom,B. whoever,C. who,D. of whom,例：,_ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.,A. It,B. That,C. What,D. As,词汇与结构技巧,4,名词从句,名词从句的引导词是“,what”,，从句中的语序有变化，不同于正常语序。“,what”,代替了句中某个“事或物”，而这个“事或物”,(,名词,),则被省略。,(we once considered “something” as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible),（从句作主语）,has now become reality.,例：,_ was not the way the event happened.,A. Which the press reported,B. That the press reported,C. What did the press report,D. What the press reported,例：,Air, or _ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth.,A. it,B. that,C. which,D. what,What,引导的从句可作主语，,which,引导的从句只能修饰名词，作定语，而且放在被修饰词的后面。,词汇与结构技巧,5,情态动词 推测,must be / must be doing / must have done,表示的是一种推测性的句子。,must be,一定是，,must be doing,一定在做什么,must have done,一定做过什么。,Whos there? It must be Tom.,谁在那儿？一定是汤姆。,The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.,would + have done,表示本可以做而未做的意思。,I would have joined you if I had time.,如果我有时间，我就会跟你们一起去了。,例：,Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.,A. must have received,B. must have failed to receive,C. must receive,D. must fail to receive,对事情做一个判断。,词汇与结构技巧,6,虚拟语气,非真实条件句（虚拟语气），还有其他虚拟语气的句子。是必考的项目。 例：,Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.,A. rather,B. better,C. happier,D. further,Id = I would,would,，这是虚拟语气的一个重要符号。 如：,I would rather somebody did.,例：,The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.,A. had,B. would have,C. have,D. was going to have,又如：,It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did.,该干什么了。例：,He talks as if he _everything in the world.,A. knows,B. knew,C. had known,D. would have known,例：,I wish you _ to me before you went and bought that car.,A. spoke,B. will speak,C. was going to speak,D. had spoken,I wish,sb,were,would d,had done,例：,The driver might have _the accident if he had had his headlights on.,A. missed,B. avoided,C. stopped,D. dismissed,词汇与结构技巧,7,分词,_ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.,A. Felt,B. Feeling,C. Being felt D. To feel,词汇与结构技巧,8,独立主格,当伴随的情况中的主语与主句中的主语不一致时，伴随情况从句要：,带有逻辑上的主语，,逻辑主语的谓语部分不同于一般的动词，而使用分词,(-,ing,或,-ed),。,不要连词。,比较：,Because,my mother is sick, I cannot attend the conference.,My mother,being,sick, I cannot attend the conference.,Because,my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference.,My arm,injured, I cannot attend the conference.,_, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus.,A. As it being pretty late,B. It being pretty late,C. It was being pretty late,D. Being pretty late,（时间已晚），我们决定立即动身，因为我们不想错过这班公交车。 题中原句的意思是：,it is pretty late, ,用来说明我们为什么要立即动身的理由，有三种办法表达这种意思：, 用原因状语从句,Since it is pretty late, we decided to , 分两句讲：,It is pretty late. We decided to , 用独立主格：,It (,指时间,) being pretty late, we decided to ,词汇与结构技巧,9.,带介词的定语从句关联词,例,1,：,Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _ she belonged. A. which,B. to where,C. to which,D. at which,例,2,：,The investigation, _ will soon be published, was made by john.,A. at which the results B. the results on which,C. whose results,D. at whose results,词汇与结构技巧,10,主谓一致：,所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词要与主语相一致。这句要求的是动词的单,/,复数要与主语匹配。如下面几种情况：, 用,and,连词是复数：,Mary and Larry are , 用,or, either or, neither nor ,时，随,or/nor,后面的词而定。这被称作就近原则。,Neither he nor we are ,出现,together with,和,as well as,的短语时，不要管它,要以主语而定。,Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to the movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to ,。,词汇与结构技巧,11,将来完成时：,时间信号是,by,+,将来的时间,主句中用将来完成时或完成进行时。,By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married.,By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games.,过去完成时： 时间信号是,by,+,过去时间，主句中用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。,By the time when we got there, everything had been sold out.,By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college.,By next year he _ in New York for five years.,A. has worked,B. has been working,C. works,D. will have worked,（到明年），他就（将）在纽约（住满了）五年了。,以介词,by,引导的时间，往往用完成时。,by 2008, by the end of next year, by then, by the end of 1992,等等。,写 作 技 巧,大学英语,(B),的写作要求,:,时间：,30,分钟字数：不少于,80,词的文体：应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文要求：,1.,语法、词汇、拼写、标点正确。,2.,内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；,3.,写作目的有针对性目前重点介绍应用文：写信、写电子邮件。,信件与电子邮件的格式：,信件与电子邮件的格式基本上可以统一，不必分得很细。那种严格意义上的英文信件格式，和所谓的信封如何书写随着时代已经淡漠了。但是，基本的格式：称呼、内容、结束、祝愿、留名是必不可少的。,写 作 技 巧,Dear Mr. John Brown, I have received your letter of May 15, asking me to find a good Chinese- English dictionary for you. As a matter of fact, I have bought a very good dictionary for you already. It was compiled by a famous Chinese scholar. Ill send it to you through the post office soon. How is everything with you? Still working with your Ph D program in Harvard? How is everything going there in the United States, especially after 911?Recently, Ive finished my college studies. But I have to pass a national standardizes English test before I can get my diploma. So, Im busy preparing for the test. I hope everything will be OK for me. Best regards to you and your family.,Yours sincerely,Liu Mei,写 作 技 巧,信中每段第一行的第一个字不再向后缩进几格。这种叫做齐头式。按照传统的每段第一个字要向后缩近，也是目前流行的。两种都是通用的。,写信、写电子邮件的语言：,语言用非正式语言，比较口语化。,信件的基本内容如下：称呼、问候、详情、结束、祝愿、落款,写 作 技 巧,1.,称呼,Dear Mr. Liu,男士,Dear Mrs. Li,夫人,Dear Ms. Li,女士（不表明婚姻状况）,Dear Miss Li,女士 （未婚）,Dear Xiao Li,小李,Dear Sir,Dear Madam,写 作 技 巧,2.,问候,Hi. How are you getting along?,How is everything with you?,Havent heard from you for a long time.,I have received your letter.,写 作 技 巧,3.,问讯对方情况,Are you still studying in college? Are you working with IBM company? How is your family?,Are you married?,Have you finished your studies in college?,写 作 技 巧,4.,讲述自己情况,Im now working with a textile company.,Im now studying English in college.,I am a student of the distance education college.,I have moved to my new apartment.,I got married recently.,Im pretty busy with my studies.,Everything is Ok with me.,Everything is so,so,.,写 作 技 巧,5.,请求别人为你做什么,Could you for me?,Would you mind (doing) for me?,Is it convenient for you to . For me?,I really need Could you do it for me? I hope you dont mind if I ask you to ,写 作 技 巧,6.,邀请对方,I do hope you can come to my new home.Id like to invite you to Drop in when you are free.Drop me a line when you are free.May I invite you to come to my birthday party?,写 作 技 巧,7.,有关学习的词,English reading materials,grammar book,listening materials,（听力材料）,tapes,reading materials,graduate,graduation,pass examination,Band 3 / 4 national English exam,（三,/,四级英语统考）,My English is still poor.,（英语挺差的）,I have difficulties in listening.,I am making progress.,写 作 技 巧,8.,有关旅游的词,Ill travel during the holidays.I have booked an air ticket.Could you arrange accommodation for me?Could you buy a train ticket for me?,Are there any places of interest,（旅游点）,in your city?Is the food there spicy,（辣）,?,写 作 技 巧,9.,感谢,Thats very kind of you to invite me. Thank you for everything youve done for me.,10.,祝愿,Best wishes!,My best regards!,Looking forward to seeing soon!,Waiting for you earliest reply.,写 作 技 巧,11.,结束,Love, (,关系密切,),Yours,Sincerely,Yours sincerely,（比较正式）,12.,落款,Your name,写 作 技 巧,写作步骤,1.,审题：,明确要写什么,2.,构思：,1,）给谁写，如何称呼,2,）第一句说什么,3,）事情如何表达,4,）结尾用什么词,3.,打草稿,4.,确定格式，落笔,5.,检查拼写,6.,检查大小写,7.,检查语法；时态、人称,8.,检查标点：句号、逗号、特别是问号,9.,落款,祝 你 成 功 ！,Best wishes to you !,