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,-,18,-,预习导引,核心归纳,Section, Learning about Language,Section, Learning about Language,一,二,一、读下列名人名言,试着说出每句话中的从句及其类别,1,.We are here to add what we can to life,not to get what we can from it.,William Osler,2,.The,danger of the past was that men became slaves.The danger of the future is that men may become robots.,Erich Fromm,3,.It,is no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.,Winston Churchill,答案,:,宾语从句,:what we can to life;what we can from,it,答案,:,表语从句,:that men became slaves;that men may become robots,答案,:,宾语从句,:what you like;what you,do,一,二,二、欣赏下列幽默故事,给画线部分的从句分类,1,.A:We all want to go to the moon,dont we?,B:Yes.That is,(A)what we want,.The question is,(B)where we can catch the early bus to the moon,.,2,.A:Doctor,you know,(C)I havent slept for days,.,B:Why is that?,A:I guess thats,(D)because I sleep at night,.,3,.A:Do you know,(E)which particular dance cleaners do,?,B:The Char-char.,A:How do you know?,B:“Its,(F)whats called a floor show,.”My aunt often says that.,A:Whats your aunt?,B:I do believe,(G)shes the best cleaner and dancer in the world,.,一,二,宾语从句,:,表语从句,:,C,E,G,A,B,D,F,Grammar,:,宾语从句和表语从句,考点一名词性从句,(,一,),在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一个重要的语法项目,因此必须掌握好。本单元主要学习宾语从句和表语从句的用法。,引导名词性从句的连接词有,:that,whether,if,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,when,where,how,why,等。,考点二宾语从句,宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句、表语从句的连接词大致一样,在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。,1),由连接词,that,引导的宾语从句,连接词,that,引导宾语从句时,that,在从句中,不,做,任何,成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省略。如,:,We all agreed (that) it would be a mistake not to take his advice.,我们都认为不听他的建议是个错误。,注意以下几点,:,从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前的,that,不可省略,。如,:,We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.,我们都认为她学习非常努力,一定能进一个非常好的大学。,在,demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command,等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句中谓语常用,“,should+,动词原形,”,should,可省略。如,:,The commander ordered that troops(should) set off at once.,司令员命令部队马上出发。,动词,+it+,形容词或惯用搭配,+that,从句。,We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.,我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是很重要的。,(,其中,it,为形式宾语,而真正的宾语是,that,引导的从句,),注意动词,doubt,的否定结构和疑问句才可以接,that,从句。如,:,I dont doubt that he will be against the idea.,我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。,I doubt whether he will be against the idea.,我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法,。,Do you doubt that I can finish it on time?,你怀疑我能按时完成这件事情吗,?,2),疑问词引导的宾语从句,用,who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever,等连接词引导宾语从句时,连接词在从句中充当一定的成分。应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。如,:,She always thinks of how she can work well.,她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。,(how,在从句中做状语,),3)whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句仍保持陈述语序,whether,或,if,在从句中不能省略。如,:,I wonder whether he will come or not.,我想知道他来还是不来。,此外,whether,与,if,在作,“,是否,”,讲时在下列情况下一般只能用,whether,不用,if:,a.,引导主语从句并在句首时,;,b.,引导表语从句时,;,c.,引导的宾语从句做介词的宾语时,;,d.,从句中有,“or not”,时,;,e.,后接动词不定式时。,4),注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句谓语动词是现在时态时,宾语从句可根据句子自身的情况而使用不同时态。如,:,I know that he studied English last term.(,从句用一般过去时,),我知道他上学期学过英语。,当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,(could,would,除外,),宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等,;,但是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象等时,则从句仍用现在时态。如,:,The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.,老师告诉我们汤姆已经动身去美国了。,Magellan proved that the earth is round.,麦哲伦证明了地球是圆的。,5),当动词,think,believe,imagine,suppose,等的主语是第一人称时其后的宾语从句,如有否定意思,要把,主句,中的动词变为否定式,将从句中的否定形式移到,主句,中。如,:,We didnt think he was here.,我们认为他不在这儿。,考点三表语从句,在复合句中做表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句位于连系动词后。,1)that,引导的表语从句,that,仅起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不做任何成分,通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。,其基本结构为,“,主语,+,系动词,+that,从句,”,。如,:,What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.,使我十分惊讶的是所有的学生异乎寻常地安静。,当主语是,reason,时,表语从句要用,that,引导。如,:,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,他迟到的原因是今天早上他以一分钟之差错过了火车。,2)wh-,疑问词引导的表语从句,连接代词,what,which,who,whom,whose,等除在句子中起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,且各有各的词义。如,:,The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.,问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。,(who,在从句中做主语,),Tom is no longer what he used to be.,汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。,(what,在从句中做系动词,be,的表语,),连接副词,when,where,how,why,等除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因等状语,本身具有词义。如,:,Thats where I cant agree with you.,那就是我不赞同你的地方。,whether,引导的表语从句,连接词,whether,起连接作用,意为,“,是否,究竟,到底,”,。,(,注意,:,if,不能引导表语从句。,),The question is whether that man will turn up on time.,问题是那个人是否会按时出现。,3)as if,because,as though,等引导的表语从句,because,引导表语从句通常只用于,“,This/That/It is/was because .,”,结构中。,as if/as though,引导的表语从句常置于系动词,look,seem,sound,be,become,等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。如,:,The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall.,大象摸起来像一堵墙,。,4),主语是表示,“,建议、命令、要求,”,等的名词,那么表语从句该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用,should,后接动词原形,should,可以省略。如,:,His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.,他的建议是我们应该一路爬到山顶。,活学活用,选词填空,:that,whether,what,why,when,1)Oliver believes,with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.,2)It is difficult for us to imagine,life was like for slaves in the ancient world.,3)May we ask what youre doing in this country and,your plans are?,4)I cant say,I have any plans.,5)I didnt know,I could survive until tomorrow.,6)The fact is,she is an old friend of my brother.,7)Im afraid,I dont quite follow you.,8)I dont think,its very funny.,9)Thats,weve given you the letter.,that,what,what,that,whether,that,that,that,why,10)The best moment for the football star was,he scored the winning goal.,将,下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句,11)Does Mr Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell me?,Could you tell me,Mr Brown,living in China?,12)“No news is good news,”he said.,He said,no news,good news.,13)Who,invented computers?I dont know.,I dont know,computers.,14)“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.,He asked me,the girl,some help.,15)We should work harder.I think.,I think,we,work harder.,when,whether/if,enjoys,that,is,who,invented,whether/if,needed,that,should,翻译句子,16),问题是谁能完成这项艰巨的任务。,17,),他看上去是要把屋里的一切都印入脑海。,18,),我们可以学习我们所未知的。,19,),他对你会上所言十分满意。,20,),我相信他会成功的。,答案,:The problem is who can complete the difficult task.,答案,:He looked as if he were going to impress everything in the room into his mind.,答案,:We can learn what we did not know,.,答案,:He was very pleased with what you had said at the meeting.,答案,:I am sure that he will succeed,.,
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