开关电源软开关技术

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,软开关技术初步,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,软开关技术初步,*,开关电源的软开关技术初步,1,Hard-switching,（硬开关）,process,Time curves of BSM75GD120DN2 modules at 600V, 150A, 125C, R,g,= 3.3,W, 200 ns/ div.,开通过程,关断过程,2,实际电路中器件的,Hard-switching,（硬开关）,3,功率开关管的开关损耗,(,阴影部分,),4,硬开关的缺点,(Disadvantage),1.,损耗大,高频工作效率低,; (,发热,),3.,电磁干扰大,. (di/dt,和,dv/dt),2.,器件允许的电流电压不能充分利用,; (,安全工作区,),5,硬开关的缺点,1.,损耗大,高频工作效率低,; (,发热,),IGBT,模块工作时内部热分布,E,G,4x IGBT,4x Diode,6,硬开关的缺点,2.,器件允许的电流电压不能充分利用,; (,安全工作区,),i,C,v,CE,SOA(,安全工作区,),之一,on,off,on,off,SOA(,安全工作区,),之二,7,硬开关的缺点,3.,电磁干扰大,. (di/dt,和,dv/dt),开通,di/dt,关断,dv/dt,8,软开关的波形,电磁干扰很小,. (di/dt,和,dv/dt),Soft Switching Waveforms,Frequency Spectrum,-60,0,1M,2M,3M,4M,5M,6M,f(Hz),-40,-20,0,20,dB,Current in the DC bus,(A),0,60,40,20,80,-20,0,40,80,120,160,200,t(,s),9,Soft-switching,(,软开关,),概念图解,c,b,i,C,v,be,v,be,v,ce,i,c,P,loss(on),P,loss(off),= 0,零电流开关,e,v,be,v,ce,i,c,P,loss(on),= 0,P,loss(off),零电压开关,10,Soft-switching,(,软开关,),概念,v,ce,i,c,P,loss(on),P,loss(off),= 0,零电流开关,1.,零电流开关,在开关管开通时,使其电流保持在零,或限制电流的上升率,从而减少电流与电压的交叠区,称,零电流开通,;,在开关管关断前,使其电流减少到零,称,零电流关断,.,v,ce,i,c,P,loss(on),= 0,P,loss(off),零电压开关,2.,零电压开关,在开关管关断时,使其电压保持在零,或限制电压的上升率,从而减少电流与电压的交叠区,称,零电压关断,;,在开关管开通前,使其电压下降到零,称,零电压开通,.,11,Soft-switching,(,软开关,),优点,2.,器件的电压电流可得到较好利用,(,安全工作区,),on,off,SOA(,安全工作区,),3.,电磁干扰小,0,40,80,120,160,200,(A),0,60,40,20,80,-20,Soft switching,Hard switching,1.,开关损耗减小,可高频化,v,ce,i,c,hard,Soft-switching,12,Soft-switching,application -,DC/DC converter,1. Space shuttle converter,2. Compatible equipment converter,-,Cellular phone,-,notebook computer,-,etc,13,软开关的实现方式,(,按增加的元器件来分,),二,.,有源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,辅助开关管,S,a,),- ZVS(,零电压开关,)ZCS(,零电流开关,) PWM converter,- ZVT(,零电压转移,)ZCT(,零电流转移,) PWM converter,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,能量回馈式吸收电路,-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,14,软开关的实现方式,(,按谐振方式来分,),四,. Soft-switching PWM,Converters,ZC PWMS,ZV PWM,Zero Current Clamp,Zero Current Transition,Zero Voltage Clamp,Zero Voltage Transition,三,. Multi-Resonant,Converters (MRCs),ZCS,ZVS,一,. Resonant Converters,(conventional),Frequency Modulated,Duty Cycle Modulated,(phase-controlled),ZCS,ZVS,ZCS,ZVS,二,. Quasi-Resonant,Converters (QRCs),ZCS,ZVS,Half-wave mode,Full-wave mode,Half-wave mode,Full-wave mode,15,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,V,in,C,f,V,in,C,f,串联负载串联谐振变换器,并联负载串联谐振变换器,还有并联谐振电路,这儿略,.,16,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,2. Zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant converters,零电压,开关,-,电压正弦,使得开关可在零电牙,条 件下闭合或断开,;,-,电压和电流波形无重叠,I,c,V,ce,电压,1. Zero-current-switched quasi-resonant converters,零电流,开关,-,电流正弦,使得开关可在零电流,条件下闭合或断开,;,-,电压和电流波形无重叠,V,ce,I,c,电流,17,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,1. Zero-current-switched quasi-resonant converters,M,型,L,型,concept,Half-wave,Full-wave,18,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,Applications,Full-wave,U,I,U,I,19,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,2. Zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant converters,M,型,L,型,concept,Half-wave,Full-wave,20,软开关的实现方式,一,.,无源网络实现,(,增加元器件为电感,L,电容,C,二极管,D,),-,谐振式变换器,准谐振变换器,多谐振变换器,2. Zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant converters,U,I,U,I,Full-wave,21,Testing Results of Hard Switching,Turn-on,Turn-off,Total,22,ZVS turn-on Ic=400A Cr=0.1u Lr=0.9u,Vce of main switch(200V/div),Ic of main switch(200A/div),Eon(200uj/div),7mj,Main gate,23,ZCS turn-off Ic=400A Cr=1.3u Lr=0.1u,Vce of main switch(200V/div),Ic of main switch(200A/div),E,off,(34mj/div),12mj,Main gate(20V/div),24,Testing Results of Turn-off Loss for Hard & ZCS(Cr=1.3u Lr=0.1u),Hard,ZCS,25,Efficiency comparison between ZCS , ZVS and Improved ZCS,ZCS&SVM,ZVS&SVM,Imp. ZCS & SVM inverter is most favorable,Imp. ZCS&SVM,26,