高中英语语法-非谓语动词课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Nonfinite Verbs,(非谓语动词),谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。,e.g. He,works.,He,takes care of,the baby.,He,will go,to Shanghai.,He,didnt go,to Shanghai.,He,has gone,to Shanghai.,You,are,students.,You,look smart,.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词,/,助动词,+ v.,系动词,+,表语,非谓语：主要包括不定式（,to do），ving,形式以及过去分词,（,done）,。,无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语,。,e.g. He works.,He wants,to work,here.,He,is,working,now.,He,has,done,his work.,You,are,students, so you,dont work,in the factory.,Being,students, you dont work in the factory.,过去分词,不定式,V.-ing,形式,非谓语动词,高考题,巩固 题1,巩固 题2,Revision: The function of V-ing,1.,Learning,a foreign language is very useful.,2.I enjoy,learning,English.,3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by,watching,his or her body language.,4. The music sounds,exciting.,5. My job is,teaching.,6. There is a,swimming,pool in our school.,7.The boy,standing there,is a classmate of mine.,8.W watch the children,diving,into the water from the top board.,9,.Hearing,a sound ,the baby stopped crying.,(adverbial),(,subject),(,object),(,predicative),(,attribute),(,object complement),(,attribute),(,predicative),(,object),V-ing as,Adverbial,1.,Hearing,a sound ,the baby stopped crying.,2.,He cut off the electricity,preventing,an accident.,3.,Having been told,her daughter was sick, she hurried to the school to take her home.,(,not)V-ing,(not)having done,(not)having been done,4.,Having cut off,the electricity,he prevented an accident.,5.,Having lived,in the country for many years, she knows how to grow vegetables.,6.,Not having received,any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.,V-ing,的形式,Revision,（一）动词不定式,to do,作用,（,The function of “to do”）,1. What does it mean,to be a scientist,?( subject),2.Nothing in life is,to be feared,(,predicative,),3. People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult,to understand,him.(object),4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months,to live,.,(attribute),5. He travelled around the world,to give lectures.,(adverbial),6. He rushed to school only,to find,there was nobody there.(adverbial),7.The teacher asked us,to write,a composition about a famous scientist.(object complement),7. Nor did he let the disease,stop,him from living(object compement),John stepped forward so as,to be introduced,to the visitors.,2. Anne stepped forward so as,to introduce,the visitors to us.,3. They seem,to have met,each other before.,Didn,t you notice that.,4. They seem,to know,each other.,5. When mother came into my room, I pretended,to be reading,a letter.,6. I,ll,write down your name and address so as,not to forget,them.,（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态,小结,(not) to do,(not) to be done,(not) to have (been)done,(not) to be doing,过去分词,done,若是及物动词（,vt,）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）,若是不及物动词（,vi）,则只表示完成。,如：,a,broken,glass=a glass which has been broken,a,fallen,tree=a tree which has fallen (down),1.,形式与含义,2. 成分,1),作表语,eg She is,interested,in the job. All the audiences are,moved,.,2),作定语,eg.Tigers and lions are animals,which are endangered.,All the people,who are invited to the meeting,are VIP.,Tigers and lions are,endangered,animals.,We can see a lot of leaves,which have fallen,on the ground.,All the people,invited,to the meeting,are VIP.,We can see a lot of,fallen,leaves on the ground.,3）,作宾补,eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself,heard,.,We have our classroom,cleaned,every day.,4),作状语,（,比较：,When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small. =,Seeing,from the top of the mountain, we found the village very small.）,eg.,If it is seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.,Seen,from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.,eg. The teacher entered the room,and he was,followed,by some students.,The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.,判断下列句子中过去分词（,done）,的成分：,1.,Folded,in his pocket, the letter wasnt found until twenty years later.,2. No matter how hard he tried, he couldnt make himself,believed.,3.We can see,excited,expression on her face.,3. When,heated, ice will be changed into,water.,4. She had her bike,repaired,yesterday.,5. We were all,inspired,by her,inspiring,speech.,6.,Given,an apple, the child stopped crying.,7. The boy,named,Tom is an orphan.,adverbial,Object complement,attribute,adverbial,Object complement,predicative,adverbial,attribute,例,4 As there was nobody， he had to go alone.,There,_ nobody, he had to go alone.,If time permits, I will go to see you.,Time,_, I will go to see you.,As the worked had been finished, he went to bed.,The work,_,he went to bed.,being,permitting,当存在不同主语时，可以用,Ving,形式的独立主格结构。,独立主格结构。,finished,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,1. _ makes me happy to find the key.,A. That B. It C. What D. Whether,B,解析：,不定式做主语，常用“,it”,作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有,it is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.,但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改,for,为,of.,e.g. It is nice of you to say so.,It,也可充当形式宾语使用。,不定式,例,2 NMET 2000,第19题,Ive work with children before, so I know what _ in my job.,A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,B,解析,：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain,不定式的,作用,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,3: You are the third one _ the room.,A. to enter B. entering C. entered,A,解析,：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词,anything/something/noting,，名词,way/chance/ opportunity,等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。,注意,：,I need a pen to write,with,.(,不及物动词要加介词,),例,4 NMET 1999,第21题,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.,A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make.,B,不定式,解析,：因为主语是,the purpose，,在（,purpose, wish, promise, plan）,后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，,to,不能省略，因此构成,the purpose is tonot todo,句型，故选,B 。,不定式的,作用,不定式,不定式的,作用,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看,see,watch,notice, observe,look at；,三使役,make,let, have;,二听,listen to,hear,等）须接不带,to,的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后,to,不可省略。,例,5: You are not allowed _ the books out.,A. taking B. to taken C. take D. to take,D,解析,：,allow,的用法可见,allow sb. to do,和,allow doing sth.,当被改为被动态时，为,sb. be allowed to do.,不定式,不定式的,作用,例,6,：,I got up early to catch the bus.,He went out never to return.,He is too young to go to school.,I am happy to meet you.,A. Adverbial of purpose B. Adverbial of result C. Adverbial of reason,A,B,C,B,例,7 NMET 1997,第12题,I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone,D,不定式,解析：,该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。,would love(like) to,是固定搭配，因此,B、C、,不合题意。,Would love +,不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,不定式的,时态和语态,例,8 NMET 2002,第14题,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (2002),A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,例如：,It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.,The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.,B,解析,：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.,不定式,例,9 NMET 1996,年,The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation,.,A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat,C,解析,：,该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意,warn,后跟词方式，,warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth.,该题应该用,结构另外，,not,应放在,to,之前。,不定式的,否定形式,V.-ing,形式,例 ,NMET1998,European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.,A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,A,v.-ing,形式主要考查其在句子中作,状语,和,定语,的用法,Making it the popular sport in the world,为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing,表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,解析,His parents died,leaving,him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office,only to,find it was closed,V.-ing,形式,例,2,a sleeping baby a sleeping bag,Ving,做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。,boiling water boiled water,an exciting game an excited man,ving,做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词,V.-ing,形式,例,3. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.,A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing,有些动词后接,to do,为宾语，而有些则接,ving,，比如,finish, suggest, mind, practise,等，但要注意一下动词,forget,，,remember, regret, try,，,mean,等既可以加,to do,也可加,doing,，但是意义不同。,B,过去分词,1.作状语,例1,NMET1996,第23题,_,in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,C,解析,：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-,ing,或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是,主语,。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，,A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构,B.（,比较：,Losing,himself in thought,he almost ran）,过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。,过去分词,2.作定语,例2,NMET1997,第17题,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C，did not include women players until 1912.,A. first played B. to be first played,C. first playing D. to be first playing,A,过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。, 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。,不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。,所以,A,是正确的。,First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,解析,过去分词,3.作表语,例3,NMET1998,第23题,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,C,解析,：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“,to pay sb. by the hour”,计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：,get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。,the plan,与,carry out,的关系是被动关系。,see sth.done,这结构常见的还有,watch(notice, observe,have,和,make)sth. done.,例4,NMET2000,第22题,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.,A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out,C,解析,历年高考题,1. Friendship is like money：easier made than _ (03,上海春),Akept Bto be kept Ckeeping Dbeing kept,2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement,AThe president will attend BThe president to attend (03,上海春),CThe president attended DThe presidents attending,3. Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference,Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving invited (03,上春),4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role,_ in making the earth a better place to live (03,上海春),Ato have played Bto play Cto be played Dto be playing,A,D,A,B,5.,How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17),A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,6.,_,down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.,(MET93 24),A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.,(MET93 34),A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,8.,-,I must apologize for _ ahead of time.,-Thats all right. (MET94 21),A. letting you not know B. not letting you know,C. letting you know not D. letting not you know,9.,Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22),A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,10.,The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25),A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11.,The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16,th,century. (NMET94 34),A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12.,-,You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.,-Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26),A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told,him_. (NMET95 35),A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -,What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_ her new bicycle. (97,上海 13),A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.,(,97,上海12,),A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.,(95,上海20),A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,17. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying,something they dont really need. (96,上海14),A.,to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21),A.,not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99,上海19),A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _,“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25),A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,5.,Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again,and again.,A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,6.,To master a foreign language,_.,A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice,C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,20.,The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.,A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,4.,Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.,A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.,A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn,2.,It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,3. -,A letter may be too slow.,- Why not _ a telegram.,A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send,巩固练习,C,D,A,B,A,D,1._,is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.,A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,2.,When and where to build the new power station_yet.,A.is not decided B.are not decided,C.has not decided D.have not decided,3.,Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?,A. thisB. thatC. itD. he,4.,Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.,A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,5.,She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.,A.not to receive B.not receiving,C.not to hear from D.having not received,6.,I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.,A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,Non-infinitive,14.,It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.,A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,15.,The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back.,A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,16.,To master a foreign language,_.,A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice,C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,17._,a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.,A. Not receiving B. Not to receive,C. Not having received D. Having not received,18.,Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.,A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,19. ,What do you think of the book?,Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time.,A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,20.,The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.,A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,7.,She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.,A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest,8.,Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?,A.there B.it C.this D.that,9.,Im thirsty. Would you please give me something_.,A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking,10,.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.,A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,11,Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again,and again.,A.never to drive B.to never drive,C.never driving D.never rive,12.,They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.,A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow,13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now.,A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go,Thank you!,