商务英语翻译课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,商务英语翻译,词汇翻译,句法翻译,文体与篇章,商务英语翻译,之,句法翻译,否定句式,比较句式,被动句式,各种从句,句法翻译之二：比较句式,几个值得注意的比较级句式及其翻译,The price of company A is not more competitive than that of company B.,（,1,）,not +,比较级,+ than / no +,比较级,+ than,比较级前加,not,，表示前者不如后者，与,not as,as,相当；,比较级前加,no,是对两者的否定，意为“和,一样不,”,，与,neither,nor,或“,as+,相反意义的形容词或副词,+as”,相当。如：,The price of company A is no more competitive than that of company B.,The bag costs no more than 1000 Yuan.,（,2,）,no more than,与,not more than,两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”,强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：,He has placed not more than three orders with the supplier.,这个包只需,1000,元人民币,.,他向该供应商最多订过三次货。,Wei Xiaobao has no less than 7 wives and concubines.,（,3,）,no less than,与,not less than,均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有,之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。有时两者都可译为“至少”，但,no less than,语气比,not less than,要夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多,如：,Yu Minhong, the founder of New Oriental, had been rejected for not less than three times in applying for a visa to the U.S.,韦小宝有,7,个老婆之多,.,新东方的创始人俞敏洪申请美国签证至少被拒签三次。,Statistics show that by 2017 there will be 30 million more men than women in China.,（,4,）,more,than,的用法,a.,本身用作比较级：把,more,看成,many,或,much,的比较级，后接名词，表示“比,更多”。如：,I was more annoyed than worried.,b.,对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为“与其说,倒不如,”,，此时，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用,morethan,。如,:,我与其说是着急，不如说是生气。,He is more a,businessman,than a,professor.,练习,Never,has China made,better,economic developments than now.,Even though the United States produces,more,automobiles,than any other country, it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.,We have kept business relationship with,Goodyear,for years as it is,as,creditable,as,ever.,练习,We have kept business relationship with,Goodyear,for years as it is,as,creditable,as,ever.,The environment for investment in China is,as,suitable,as any,in the world.,Bill Gates is,as,rich,as any,billionaire in the world.,Each political party,in the United States is,more,interested in winning elections,than,in putting across a particular policy or law.,Containerization is an efficient mode of shipment as it is,as,simple,as,time-saving.,练习,The marketing manager he hires looks young,for,her age.,My share seems small,beside,yours.,Are imported products superior in quality,to,domestic ones?,We have made two hundred forty business deals this year as,against,one hundred forty last year.,被动语态的表达具有客观性，因此，在英语中的使用非常广泛，尤其在科技文体中更为普遍。,另外，英文考虑的重点是,事情,，而汉语考虑的重点则是,人,。,汉语不执着于主语与谓语之间究竟是什么关系。例如：,人不可貌相，海水不可斗量,As a person cannot be judged by his appearance, so can the sea not be measured with a bushel.,句法翻译之三：被动句式,英文多用被动语态,英语中的被动语态在翻译成汉语时，在多数情况下要翻译成符合汉语习惯的主动句，但少数仍旧保持被动语态。一般的翻译方法有三种：,句法翻译之三：被动句式,被动语态的主要翻译方法,（,1,）,译成汉语的主动式,（,2,）,译成汉语的被动式,（,3,）,译成汉语的特殊结构,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式, 保留原文中的主语,在将被动语态翻译成汉语时，有时可以将原文中的主语仍旧译作汉语的主语，即采取,“,受事者,动词,”,。例如：,Passengers,are requested to line up,to,get on board.,乘客,请排队上车（船）。,希腊,得到了欧盟其他成员国的经济资助。,Greece,was offered financial support from other EU member nations.,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式,将原文中的主语转译成宾语，增译主语,有时可以将原文中的主语翻译成宾语。如果原句中没有施动者，在必要的情况下，还可以在译文中加上相应的主语，如“人们、有人、大家、我们”等含有泛指性的词语做主语。例如：,A Doctoral degree is considered to be one of the essential requirements for a teaching position at college.,人们,认为博士学历是担任大学教职的必要条件之一。,If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them.,如果,有人,问你的私事，你尽可以不答。,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式, 将原文中的某一部分转译成主语,Some webtoon serials are published on major Internet portals free of charge.,答案：大型门户网站免费发行一些网络漫画系列。（状语转译成主语）,Spring Festival is celebrated in China as well as some other Asian countries.,中国和其他几个亚洲国家庆祝春节。（状语转译成主语）。,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式, 把施动者译成主语,Almost no students use their cellphones, sleep or whisper in class any longer, which is the remarkable result,achieved by,Wuchang University of Technology ever since a monitoring system was put into use starting in March 2015.,几乎没有同学再在教室里玩手机、睡觉或者交头接耳地讲话。这些是武昌理工学院在,2015,年,3,月份安装监控系统后,取得的,显著效果。,This conclusion is hardly justified,by the results,.,结果,很难证明这个结论是正确的。,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式,译成无主句,有时英语被动句因某种原因不体现施事者，但是句子里又不能没有主语，于是就用受事者做主语。汉语不存在这个问题，因为汉语里可以没有主语。在翻译这样的句子时，往往颠倒原文中的,“,受事者,动词,”,顺序，变成,“,动词,受事者,”,，将原文处理成为无主句。例：,In no way can the contract be put to an immediate end.,无法立即终止合同。,The plan for removing the barrier lake,（,堰塞湖,）,has been approved, and a flood relief channel,（泄流槽）, measuring 5 meters wide and 8 meters deep, will be excavated on the top of the barrier.,清除堰塞湖的计划已经得到审批，将在堰塞体顶部开凿一个宽,5,米、深,8,米的泄流槽。,练习,It is forbidden to have unfair competition acts in foreign trade activities including selling commodities at unreasonably low prices, bidding in collusion,（串通投标）, publishing false advertisement and offering bribe for commercial purposes, etc.,An acceptance,（承诺）,may be withdrawn. The withdrawl notice of the acceptance shall reach the offeror,（要约人）,before or at the same time as the acceptance notice,（承诺通知）,reaches the offeror.,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式,以,it,为形式主语的被动句的翻译,有些以,it,为形式主语的英语被动式句子，在翻译成汉语的时候常要改变成主动形式。译文有时不用加主语，有时则需要加入一些不确定的主语，比如：,“,大家、有人、人们、我们,”,等，或者将其处理成独立句。例如：,It was rumored that Dec. 31 of 2012 would be the worlds doomed day,据谣传，,2012,年,12,月,31,日为世界末日。,It is said that extreme weather is the most frequent reason for flight delays in July and August. The impact of military drills on civil flights was minimal.,据说，在七、八月份，极端天气是航班延误最常见的原因。军事演习对民用航班的影响极小。,被动句式（,1,）：译成汉语的主动式,It is believed that more and more people in China will be moving out of the city to live in the country.,人们相信，越来越多中国人将离开城市搬到郊区去住。,It is hoped the tax cuts will act as a stimulant to further economic growth.,人们希望降低税负这一措施能刺激经济进一步增长。,以,it,为形式主要的表达形式包括：, 不加主语,It may be safely said that,It can be clearly seen that,It should be noted that,It can be foreseen that,It was so decided that,It was made beyond any doubt that,It has been proved that,It will be seen from this that,可以有把握地说,可以清楚地看到,应该指出,可以预料,就此决定,毫无疑问,已经证明,由此可见,It must be stressed that,It has been calculated that,It is hoped that,It must be realized that,It cannot be denied that,It has been found that,It must be kept in mind that, 不加主语,必须强调,据计算,希望,必须认识到,不可否认,已经发现,；实践证明,必须牢记, 可以加主语，译成“人们，有人，我们，大家”等,It is asserted that,It is believed that,It is generally considered that,It is well known that,It was told that,It is felt that,It is understood that,It is objected that,It is claimed that,It is generally accepted that,It is alleged that,有人主张,有人相信,/,认为,人们普遍认为,大家知道；众所周知,有人曾经说,人们感到,人们明白,有人反对,有人声称,大家公认,有人断言,被动句式（,2,）：译成汉语的被动式,当句中不出现行为主体时，有时使用,“,被,”,“,给,”,表示被动意义。例如：,Chinese traffic police have handled more than 17 million cases involving road rage like,arbitrary lane changes,and,dangerous overtaking,this year. Road rage has been described as a major traffic safety hazard.,今年，中国交警处理任意变道和强行超车等,“,路怒,”,行为共,1700,万余起。（目前）路怒症已被视为重大交通安全隐患。,The company was prohibited from using false advertising.,这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告。,被动句式（,2,）：译成汉语的被动式, 译为,“,遭受、遭到、受到、得到、受、挨、叫,”,。例如：,Recently, a driver in Heilongjiang Province was lambasted,（抨击）,by the public after he intentionally forced an ambulance to pull over,（靠边停车）,several times.,近期，黑龙江省一名司机因多次故意逼停一辆救护车遭到网友抨击。,Three Chinese engineers who worked in Turkey were kidnapped by some terrorists on Aug. 25, 2014.,2014,年,8,月,25,日，在土耳其工作的三名中国工程师遭到了恐怖分子的绑架。,被动句式（,2,）：译成汉语的被动式,“,为,所,”,。例如：,This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching for life in outer space.,这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外太空生命的科学家所接纳。,In his late thirties, he was almost knocked down in his despondency,（失意，意志消沉）,of the unsuccessful career.,近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。,被动句式（,3,）：译成汉语的特殊结构, 译成汉语的,“,把,”,或,“,将,”,字结构，即,“,施事者,把,受事者,动词,补语,”,。例如：,Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, nonstick, and yet elastic.,一个叫固特异的美国人多年来一直在努力寻找一种方法，,把,橡胶做得硬而不粘，而且富有弹性。,If a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as human beings.,如果能,把,电脑造得足够复杂的话，那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力。,被动句式（,3,）：译成汉语的特殊结构, 译成汉语的,“,是由,的,”,，,“,是让,的,”,，,“,是给,的,”,等结构。例如：,Most letters from his clients are read to him by the secretary.,客户给他写的信，大多数是,由秘书念给他听的,。,Approximately 30% of the food consumed in the world today is produced by horticulturists,（园艺师）,.,当今，全世界消费的食品中，约,30%,是由园艺师生产的。,被动句式（,3,）：译成汉语的特殊结构,译成汉语的,“,予以,”,，,“,加以,”,等结构。例如：,Problem of overstaffing should be resolved in good time.,人员过剩问题应该及时,加以,解决。,Trade deficits can be controlled if proper measures are taken.,如果采用适当措施，贸易赤字是能够,予以,控制的。,The corporate financial affairs will be examined by a special committee.,公司财务将由一个特别委员会,加以,审查。,Exercise,Infomania,（资讯癖）,is the debilitating,（超负荷的）,state of information overload,caused by,the combination of a backlog of information to process, and continuous interruptions from technologies like phones, instant messaging, and e-mail.,The term,“,funemployment,”,（失业快乐族）,is defined as the condition of a person who takes advantage of being out of a job to have the time of their life.,