Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB01

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,4,*,Introduction to Business,Jeff Madura,1,Motives and Functions of a Business,Part I Business Environment,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights,reserved.,Learning Goals,Explain the goal of a business.,Identify the resources a business uses to produce a product or service.,Identify the key stakeholders that are involved in a business.,Describe the business environment to which a firm is exposed.,Describe the key types of business decisions.,2,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Key Terms,accounting,c,apital,creditor,demographics,dividend,e,lectronic business,entrepreneur,entrepreneurship,finance,3,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Key Terms,human resources,information system,i,nformation technology,management,manager,marketing,n,atural resources,nonprofit organization,4,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Key Terms,st,akeholder,s,tock,s,tockholder,5,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,The Goal of a Business,To make profits by providing products or services desired by customers.,6,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Where the Profits Come From,A business receives,revenue,when it sells products or services.,It incurs,expenses,from paying employees and purchasing machinery or facilities.,The difference between the revenues and expenses is the,profit,(or,earnings,).,7,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Profits Depend on Three Conditions,T,h,ere needs to be a demand for the products or services you offer.,You need to attract customers to choose you instead of your competitors.,You need to keep your expenses low.,8,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,How the Government Influences the Profit Motive,Governments of free-market economies allow private ownership of businesses, because these businesses serve customers and create job opportunities.,In some other countries, businesses are typically owned by the governments and are not profit oriented.,9,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Nonprofit Businesses,A nonprofit organization,is an organization that serves a specific cause and is not oriented to make profits.,In the U.S., a nonprofit organization is not taxed as long as it meets specific requirements.,Although not oriented to make profits, it is still run like a business to accumulate enough funding to serve the community.,10,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Resources Used to Produce Products or Services,Natural resources,Human resources,Capital,Entrepreneurship,11,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Natural Resources,Any resources that can be used in their natural form, e.g. land, coal, fossil fuels, forestry, lake, river.,12,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Human Resources,People who are able to perform work for a business,13,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Capital,Machinery, equipment, tools and physical facilities used by a business,Technology,improves capital by helping to produce products and services more quickly and at a higher quality.,Information technology, as a subset of technology, enables information to be used to produce products and services.,14,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Electronic Business,A related type of technology,Use of electronic communications, such as the Internet, to produce or sell products and services,Business-to-business e-commerce,commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler,15,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Electronic Business,Business-to-customer e-commerce,business activities serving end consumers with products and/or services. An example would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer.,16,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Entrepreneurship,The creation of business ideas and t,he,willingness to take risk,The act of creating, organizing, and managing a business,Entrepreneurs are people who organize, manage and assume t,he,risk of starting a business.,17,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Key Stakeholders in a Business,People who have an interest in a business;,The,businesss owners, creditors, employees, suppliers and customers.,18,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,A Business and Its Stakeholders,19,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Owners,An entrepreneur who creates a business initially serves as the,sole owner,.,With the expansion of the business, other people may invest in the firm and become,co-owners,.,The investors who purchase stock are call,stockholders,or,shareholders,.,Owners create business ideas and possibly provide some financial support for the firm.,20,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Creditors,Financial institutions or individuals who provide loans,Creditors will lend funds to a firm only if they believe the firm will perform well enough to pay,interests,on the loans and the,principal,(amount borrowed) in the future.,21,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Other Key Stakeholders,Employees,are people hired to conduct business operations for the firm.,Managers,are employees who are responsible for managing job assignments of other employees and making key business decisions.,Suppliers,provide materials needed for production.,To attract,customers, a firm must provide a desired product or service at a reasonable price.,22,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Interaction among Stakeholders,Managers decide how the funds obtained from owners, creditors or sales to customers should be utilized.,Some of the profit is retained and reinvested by the firm. Any remaining profit is distributed as,dividends, or income that the firm provides to its owners.,Exhibit 1.2,23,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,The Business Environment,Social,environment,Industry environment,Economic environment,Global environment,24,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Social Environment,Social tendencies to which a business is exposed,Demographics,refer to the characteristics of the human population or specific segments of the population.,A change in,demographics,or,consumer preferences,may increase or decrease demand for certain products or services.,25,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,U.S. Population Shifts,Source:,Census Bureau,26,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Industry Environment,Conditions within,th,e firms industry,I,ndustry environment varies according to the demand and the competition.,Firms benefit from high consumer demand for its products.,Intense competition forces firms to keep their prices relatively low.,27,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Economic Environment,Economic conditions have a strong impact on the performance of each business.,When,th,e economy is strong, firms benefit from the large demand.,When the economy is weak, firms are adversely affected and unemployment rate rises as a result.,28,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Global Environment,Some firms rely on foreign suppliers or sell their products in foreign countries.,Firms may face foreign competition when selling products locally.,If economic condition weaken in foreign countries, foreign demand for U.S. products will decrease, leading to some layoffs. The general income level in t,he,U.S. will decrease and demand for all products will decline.,29,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Key Types of Business Decisions,Management, marketing and financial decisions.,Management,is the means by which employees and other resources (such as machinery) are used by the firm.,Marketing,is the means by which products (or services) are developed, priced, distributed and promoted to customers.,Finance,is the means by which firms obtain and use funds for their business.,30,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,How Business Decisions Affect Performance,Management de,cis,ions affect production expenses incurred.,Marketing de,cis,ions affect the firms revenue and expenses incurred in distributing and promoting products.,Finance decisions influence interest expense incurred.,31,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,How Some Business Functions Enhance Decision Making,Accounting,reports the firms financial condition, assesses t,he,firms performance and can be used to eliminate waste of business resources.,Information systems,updates and analyses information about the firms operations.,32,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,Learning Goals (revisited),Explain the goal of a business.,Identify the resources a business uses to produce a product or service.,Identify the key stakeholders that are involved in a business.,Describe the business environment to which a firm is exposed.,Describe the key types of business decisions.,33,Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.,