现在完成时与过去完成时

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Present Perfect Tense,辨别下面句子的时态,1.,去年我去了苏州。,2.,我每天早上,7,：,00,起床。,3.,下个星期我要去看望我的老师。,4.,看！那边有个女孩在哭。,5.,汤姆去过北京,2,次了。,6.,他住在那儿已经有十年了。,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成时,Unit 1,现在完成时,the present perfect tense,一,.,发生在过去，一直持续到现在！,He has lived in Xuzhou for six years.,I havent talked to my cousin since last Friday.,二。发生在过去，与现在有关！,I have seen the film.,He has already posted the letter.,Present perfect tense,现在完成时,构成,:,用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,.,现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果,.,have/has,+,过去分词,1.,都表示过去发生的事,2.,现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；,3.,一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（,last, ago, yesterday, etc.,）,present,past,I have lived here for two years,I lived there 2 years ago,eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00,He has had his breakfast.,2. When did you come here?,I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.,Adverbs of time,before,by now (so far),once, twice,just,recently,yet(,否,/,疑,), already(,肯,),ever, never,all ones life ,in /during the past /last 5 years,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already,.,2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?,3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.,4. The twin _just _(see) my father.,5. The twins _(see) my father just now.,6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.,have had,arrived,has,been to,has,seen,saw,have been built,用法二,：,for+,段时间,since+,点时间,since+,句子（过去时）,E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years.,Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.,Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与,for,或,since,引导的时间连用,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die,become a borrow,Leave/ move,buy open,join,start/begin finish/ end,catch a cold get up,get to know get out,close wake up,go to sleep,become interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away / be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/ sleep,be interested in,Exercises,His father has died. (for 2 years),The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m),The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old),My teacher has just,left Nanjing. (for 3 days),His father,has been dead,for 2 years.,The football match,has been on,since 9:00 a.m.,The twins,have been soldiers,/,been in the army,since they are 18years old.,My teacher,has been away from Nanjing,for 3 days.,重点句型,:It is/ has been+,段时间,+since,从句 段时间,+has passed+ since,从句,eg,.,他死了两年了：,He died two years ago.,He has been dead for two years /since two years ago,It is/ has been two years since he died.,Two years has passed since he died.,1.,这本书我借了一个月了。,I,borrowed,this book a month,ago,.,It is/ has been a month since,I borrowed the book.,I,have kept,the book,for a month,. /,since a month ago.,A month has passed since,I borrowed the book.,Have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been in,have/has gone to:,已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；,have/has been to:,曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语,;,have/has been in:,表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。,Exercises,Tom,在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。,我在北京待了,5,年了。,Jack,去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom?,-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,Correcting,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.,2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.,3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.,4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.,5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/ for 5 years,came,did,catch,6. Ten years have passed since they got married.,7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.,8.What time have the factory opened,?,9.I have gone to,Chunhua,Middle School twice.,has,has been in,did,open,been to,一、过去完成时,1.,意义：表示一个动作在过去某一个动作或,过去某一时间之前,已经发生或完成。,2.,形式：,1,）肯定式：,2,）,否定式：,3,）,疑问式：,had+,Ved,had not +,Ved,Had +,主语,+,Ved,1,） 概念：表示过去的过去,-|-|-|-,其构成是,had +,过去分词构成。,那时以前,那时,现在,2,） 用法,a.,在,told, said, knew, heard, thought,等动词后的宾语从句。,She said (that) she had never been to Paris.,b.,状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.,c.,表示意向的动词，如,hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose,等，用过去完成时表示,原本,，未能,We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,过去完成时,过去完成时的时间状语,before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as,。,Eg,.,1. He said that he had learned some English,before,.2.,By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left,when he arrived at the party,.,选词填空,1.Have you done your homework_?,(for , just , yet),2.I,have_been,to Chengdu.,(ever , never , yet),3.He,has_washed,the dishes.,(already , ever , for),4.He has worked,there_he,left,school. (already , just , since),5.Have you cleaned your room_?,(for , just , yet),yet,never,already,since,yet,6.She has known Sam_ nine years.,(for , never , since),7.They,have_arrived,.,(ever , just , yet),8.Have you_ ridden a horse?,(ever , for , yet),9.She has known Fred_ they were,at primary school.,(already , just , since),10.We have not completed the,project_. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,二、过去完成时与现在完成时的,比 较,过去完成时与现在完成时的时间出发点不同。过去完成时以,过去某个时间,为基点，而现在完成时以,现在,作为时间的基点。因此，,过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时。,Tom,is,not hungry. He,has just had,breakfast.,Tom,was,not hungry, He,had just had,breakfast.,例句比较：,(,现在完成时,),(,过去完成时,),三、过去完成时与一般过去时,的比较,一般过去时表示在,过去某个时间,发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在,过去某一时间之前,完成的动作。,1.We,got to,the station at 8:00, but the train,had left,.,我们八点到达车站，但火车已开走了。,2. We,got to,the station at 8:00, but the train,left at 7:30.,我们八点到达车站，但火车七点半就开走了。,3. When I,arrived,home, My parents,had had,dinner.,我到家时，我父母已吃过饭了。,4. When I,arrived,home, we,had,dinner together.,我一到家，我们就一起吃饭。,2.,过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。,By six oclock,they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I,came,to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,用法：,1.,到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2.,我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,had worked,had been,3.,到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of,last month,we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,1.,到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2.,他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _(see) you before.,3.,当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,When I came in he _(finish) his homework.,过去完成时与,by then,(,截止到那时,);,by 9 oclock,(,直到九点钟,),by the end of ,(,在,结束,/,末之前,);,by the time,(,在,时之前,);,up till then,(,直到那时,);,up until last night,(,直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。,had written,had seen,had finished,3.,过去完成时和,already, just, ever, yet,等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：,1.,他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,He told me that his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2.,她,说她仍没去过,长城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,用法：,过去完成时与,when, before, as soon as,till/ until,等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,例如：,1.,她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she,got home,her children _(sleep).,had slept,2.,在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they,arrived,here the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Last night, as soon as I _(finish) my work I,went,to sleep.,3.,我完成作业了就去睡觉了。,had finished,1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.,had finished,2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.,had broken,3. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.,had gone,Exercises:,4. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.,had gone,would come,5. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.,bought,has had,