Unit4-Global-Warming-Language-Points

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Unit 4 Global warming,Period 3 Language Points,熟记单词,1.,(,v,.),比较,2.,(,n,.),现象,3.,(,n,.),数量，量,4.,(,n,.),测量，衡量，尺寸,5.,(,n,.),数据，资料,6.,(,n,.),大灾难，浩劫,7.,(,vt,.),陈述，说明,compare,phenomenon,quantity,measurement,data,catastrophe,state,8.,(adj.),环境的,9.,(n.),后果，影响，结果,10.,(n.),范围，种类,11.,(vi.& n,),扫视，看一下；一瞥,12.,(adj.),分布广的，普遍的,13.,(v.),减少,environmental,consequence,range,glance,widespread,decrease,14.,(adj.),稳固的，持续的,15.,(n.),强调,16.,(,adj.),平均的,17. (,n.),存在,18. (,adj.& n,),个别的，单独的；个人，个体,19. (,n.),污染，弄脏,20.,(,adj.),电的，与电有关的,steady,emphasis,average,existence,individual,pollution,electrical,21.,(n.),器具,22.,(,adj.),原子核的，核的，核能,的,23.,(n.),分歧，不一致,24.,(vt.),反对，反抗，与,(,某人,),较量,appliance,nuclear,disagreement,oppose,翻译词组,1,不可再生能源,2,温室效应,3,整个一生,4,和,比较起来,5,发生，产生,6,大量的,nonrenewable energy resources,greenhouse effect,throughout ones life,compare to,come about,(huge) quantities of,7.,激烈的争辩,8.,人类活动,9.,全球变暖,10.,天然气,11.,消耗能量,12.,能源,13.,用完,耗尽,14.,吸收太阳的热量,a fierce debate,human activity,global warming,natural gas,consume energy,energy sources,run out,trap the heat from the sun,阻止,.,不被,.,温室气体,探究这些问题,一种无规律的自然现象,赞同这种观点,化石燃料,少量气体,大量的,额外的二氧化碳,keep .from.,greenhouse gases,explore these questions,a random but natural phenomenon,subscribe to the view,fossil fuel,small amounts of gases,huge quantities of,extra carbon dioxide,趋向，有,.,的倾向,作精确的统计,导致,一场大灾难,干旱,/,饥荒,反对这观点,对环境的影响,更多种类的动物,持续转暖,tend to,make accurate measurements,result in,a catastrophe,severe droughts/famines,be opposed to this view,environmental consequences,A greater range of animals,Keep on warming,背诵句型,There is no doubt that,the earth is becoming warmer.,毫无疑问，地球正在变暖。,(1)_,She will keep her promise.,毫无疑问，她会信守诺言的。,There is no doubt that,2)There is no doubt that our country will become stronger and stronger.,1. consume vt.,消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完,Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home, school, or any other places you can think of. (P25),把在你家中、学校里或在你能想到的其他任何地方里消耗能源的物品列个清单。,Eg. Hes able to consume vast quantities of food.,他能吃掉大量的食物。,What should we do if we _ all the natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas?,A. consume B. run out C. give out D. consult,选,A,。考查词义区别。句意：要是我们用光所有的自然资源，像煤炭、石油、天然气，我们该怎么办呢？,consume“,消耗，耗尽”是及物动词，符合句意。而,run out,，,give out,虽然表示“用完”，但它们是不及物动词短语，其主语往往是物。,consult“,咨询”不合句意。,2. compare v,比较 搭配：,(1)compare.with/to.,把,与,比较；但表示把,.,比作,.,用,to,2,）,compare.to.,把,比作,3,）,compare.and.,比较,和,4,）,compare notes (with sb.) (,与某人,),交换看法或意见,(1)You can _(,比较两者,)and take the better one.,(2)He _(,把她比作玫瑰,),(3)He _,(,拿他的相机与我的比较,),(4) _ (,与,40,年前相比,),，,standards in health care have improved enormously.,compare the two,compared her to a rose,compared his camera with/to mine,Compared to/with 40 years ago,3. come about,发生；造成,So how has this,come about,and does it matter,？,(P,26,),那么，它是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？,How did it,come about,that he had his leg hurt?,他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？,The car accident was horrible, but nobody knows how it,came about,.,那次车祸真可怕，但是没有人知道它是怎么造成的。,拓展：,come across,偶然碰见，无意中找到,come on,跟着来，跟上来；,口,得啦，快点,come out,出来，出现；,(,芽,),生出来；,(,花,),开；出版，发行,come to,总计，达到；归纳为,come up,走近；上,(,楼,),去；,(,从土中,),长出，发芽；被提出,come up with,赶上；提出,(,建议,),短语,come about,意为“发生”，你还知道哪些词或短语表示“发生”这个意义吗？,常见的这类词或短语还有,happen, take place, break out, o,等，它们都不能用于被动语态。,(1),happen,常用来指某个事件偶然发生。,其后也可接动词不定式或用于,It happens that. . .,句型表示“,碰巧,”。,How did the car accident,happen,？,车祸是怎么发生的？,(,2),take place,多指按计划发生的事情。,When will their wedding,take place,？,他们的婚礼什么时间举行？,(3),break out,指“,(,战争、火灾、疾病等,),突然发生”。,Fire,broke out,during the night.,夜间突然发生了火灾。,As is known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will _ in London.,A. come about B. break out,C. take place D. be happened,选,C,。句意：众所周知，,2012,年奥运会将在伦敦举行。,take place,根据安排或计划发生；,come about,多指事情已经发生，但还不知道原因；,break out,爆发；,happen(,偶然,),发生，不用于被动语态。,4. random adj.,胡乱的；任意的,(P26),Because he was not listening, he made a random answer to the teachers question.,由于他没听讲，他对老师的问题乱答一通。,at random= randomly adv.,随机地，任意地,Mr. Wang arranged the meeting randomly.,=Mr. Wang arranged the meeting _ .,I asked Tom a few random questions when we sat there.,=I asked Tom a few questions _ when we sat there.,at random,randomly,(,1)an average rate/cost/price,平均比率,/,成本,/,价格,2.above/below average,高于,/,低于平均水平,3.on average,平均地；通常；按平均值,4.up to average,达到平均数，达到一般水准,(2)average sth. out,算出,的平均数,5. average adj.,平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的,n, 平均数；平均水平；一般水准,v, 平均为；计算出,的平均数,(1) His living standard is _,(,低于一般水平,),(2) _(,这个班级男生的平均年龄,)is fifteen.,(3) My school work is _,(,远远高于平均水平,),(4) _ (,平均看来,)men smoke more cigarettes than women.,below average,The average age of the boys in this class,well above average,On average,Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200, 000, a(n) _ of 40, 000 per year.,2010,江西, 35,A. average B. number,C. amount D. quantity,去年考过驾照的考生人数达到了,20,万，平均每年是,4,万。,an average of,平均有。,6. subscribe,vi,.,同意；捐赠；订阅,vt,.,签署,(,文件,),All scientists,subscribe to,the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,，,natural gas and oil to produce energy,。,We,subscribe to,all the main medical journals.,我们,订阅,所有主要的医学杂志。,He,subscribes to,the view that children benefit from being independent.,他,赞同,孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。,He,subscribed,his name,to,the contract.,他在合同上,签名,。,He has,subscribed,much money,to,the flooded area.,他向洪水灾区,捐,了大量的钱。,As a successful businessman, Chen Guangbiao _(,向,捐款,) the relief fund,（救助金,）,every year.,He refused to _ (,在,上签名,) the document.,文件,subscribes to,subscribe his name to,7. quantity,n,.,量；数量,1.The problem begins when we add huge,quantities,of,extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (P,26,),2.Premier Wen said China would be shifting from more attention on,quantity,to more on,quality,.,温总理说中国将从更多关注数量向更多地注重质量转移。,in quantity / in large amounts / in large quantities,大量地,a quantity of / quantities of,大量的,We were all thirsty, but there was only,a small,quantity,of water left in the bottle.,It is usually a lot cheaper if you buy the fruit,in quantity,.,如果你大批量购买水果，价钱通常会便宜很多。,Huge quantities of,oil were shipped to Japan last year.,去年大量的石油被海运到日本。,(1) Its a lot cheaper if you _,(,大量购买,),(2) My brother bought _,(,大量的书,),(3) There are _ (,雨量很大,) in this area.,buy it in quantity,a large quantity of books,large quantities of rain,Why does the lake smell terrible?,Because large quantities of water _.,A. have polluted B. is being polluted,C. has been polluted D. have been polluted,选,D,。“,quantities of+,名词”作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。水是被污染的，要用被动语态，故选,D,。,8. tend,vi,.,趋向；易于；照顾,vt,.,照顾，护理,Line 35:,It means that more heat energy,tends,to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. (P,26,),这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度升高。,In many parts of China, couples with no children,tend to,adopt boys because they believe in the importance of “carrying on the family line”.,在中国许多地方，没有孩子的夫妇往往收养男孩，因为他们坚信“传宗接代”的重要性。,His views,tend towards,the extreme.,他的观点趋于偏激。,She is,tending (to),her disabled sister.,她在照顾残疾的姐姐。,When I watch NBA, I _ to focus on the players like LeBron James and Kobe Bryant.,2011,青岛高二检测,A. used B. turn C. tend D. intend,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：当我看,NBA,比赛时，我倾向于集中注意力于像勒布朗,詹姆斯和科比,布莱恩特的球员。,tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”；而,used to,表示过去的习惯而现在不做了，与前面的,watch,不符；,turn to do sth.,转过头来做某事；,intend to do sth.,打算要做某事，与题意不符。故,C,项正确。,9. go up,上升，增长,;,升起,;,被建造,(P,26,),Line 35:,It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to,go up,. (P26),这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度升高。,The price of oil has,gone up,again.,油价又涨了。,A new office block is,going up,on Oxford Street.,牛津街上正在建起新的办公区。,He has,gone off,to the south of France for the summer.,他动身去法国南部过夏天。,We cant really imagine what theyre,going through,.,我们真的难以想像他们正在经历的事。,Each time cigarettes _ in price, Tom makes up his mind to give up smoking.,A. rise up B. go up,C. lift up D. raise up,【,解析,】,选,B,。,rise up“,起来”,; go up“,上升,增长”,; lift up“,举起,吊起”；,raise,通常不与,up,连用。句意为：每次香烟的价格上涨，汤姆就决定戒烟。,10. result in,导致,Line 17:,They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has,resulted in,this increase in carbon dioxide. (P,26,),他们还同意下述观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。,The accident,resulted in,the death of two passengers.,这次事故导致两名乘客死亡。,These policies,resulted in,many elderly and disabled people,suffering,hardship.,这些政策使得许多老人和残疾人在困境中挣扎。,Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping.,2009,全国卷,，,13,A. as a result of B. on top of,C. in front of D. in need of,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查介词与名词构成的短语。,A,项意为“由于”，符合句意；其余,on top of“,在,顶上”，,in front of“,在,前面”，,in need of“,需要”，均不合逻辑。,11. oppose,vt,.,反对；反抗；与,(,某人,),较量,Line 43:,On the other hand,，,there are those,，,like George Hambley,，,who,are opposed to,this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. (P,27,),另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治,汉布利，他们反对这种观点，认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。,(1) oppose sth. /doing sth. / sb.doing sth.,反对某事,/,做某事,/,某人做某事,oppose sth. to/against sth.,使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗,(2) opposed adj.,相反的；对立的,be opposed to.,反对,；与,对立,China hopes to work with Britain to,oppose,trade protectionism.,中国希望与英国合作共同反对贸易保护主义。,I would,oppose changing,the law.,我将反对改变这个法规。,Many old men,are opposed to,cutting down the 100-year-old tree for rebuilding a shopping center.,许多老人反对为重建一个购物中心而砍掉这棵百年老树。,(1)He _ (,反对建议,)to build a new hall.,(2)Do not _,(,用你的意愿和我的相抗衡,),(3)She seems very much _ (,反对你出国,),(4)I strongly oppose _(,在河边建厂,),opposed the proposal,oppose your will against mine,opposed to your going abroad,building a factory near the river,We are totally opposed _ any changes in the plan.,2011,石家庄高二检测,A. making B. to make,C. to making D. against making,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：我们坚决反对对这个计划作任何改动。,be opposed to,为固定搭配，意为“反对,”,，其中,to,为介词。,12. consequence,n,.,C,结果；后果；影响,Line 46:,They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental,consequences,. (P,27,),他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太大。,The most direct,consequence,of Japans nuclear radiation crisis would be to improve security standards for the nuclear power industry.,日本核辐射危机最直接的后果就是要提高核能工业的安全标准。,He broke the law, and now he must,face the consequences,of his actions.,他触犯了法律，现在他必须承担自己的行为带来的后果。,She lives in France, and,as a consequence,speaks French fluently.,她住在法国，因此法语说得很流利。,Many houses were completely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week. _, the victims had to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross.,A. As a result of B. As a consequence,C. As usual D. As for,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查短语辨析。句意,:,很多房子被上周袭击这个地区的飓风完全毁坏了，结果受害者不得不住在红十字会提供的临时住处。,A“,由于,的结果”；,B“,结果 ”；,C“,像平时一样”；,D“,至于”，故选,B,。,Line 47:,In fact, Hambley,states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. . . (P,27,),汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事,Chairman Hu Jintao,stated,that China and Russia were developing a stable relationship.,国家主席胡锦涛宣布中俄正在发展稳定的关系。,13. state n.,州，政府，形势，状态,v.,陈述，说明,(1),in a/an,state (of),处于,的状态,(2) state,n.,/,thatclause,/,whclause,声明,说明,It is stated that.,据宣布,(3) statement n.,陈述，叙述；声明,stated adj.,指定的，预定的，宣布的,stateless adj.,无国籍的,By the time she got home, she was,in a terrible state,.,她到家的时候，状态十分糟糕。,We are collecting data on the,state,of the environment.,我们正在收集有关环境状况的数据。,(1)The roads are _(,路况极差,) after the severe winter weather.,(2)The witness _(,证实说,) that he had not seen the woman before.,(3)These industries _(,国家经营,),(4)_(,据宣布,)that all the people in the accident were killed.,(5)_ (,所宣布的事实,)disagreed with what actually happened.,in a terrible state,stated,are run by the state,It is stated,The stated facts,The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _.,2008,湖北，,22,A. atmosphere B. state,C. situation D. phenomenon,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：两国的高层领导人在友好的氛围中进行谈话。,atmosphere,气氛；,state,情况，状态；,situation,情况；,phenomenon,现象。,Line 39:,“it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better. ”(P27),“,它,(,更多的二氧化碳,),还会促进动物的生长,所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”,14. range n.,种类；范围；幅度；界限,vi. (,在一定范围内,),变动，变化；排列,(1)a wide range of,一系列,a full range of,各种,in/within range,在射程以内，在,范围内,beyond/out of range,在射程外，在,范围外,in/out of the range of,在,/,超出,范围,out of ones range,某人能力达不到的，知识以外的,(2) range from.to.,在,范围内变动，,包括,(,由,到,),之间的各类事物,range between.and.,在,和,范围内变动,The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.,酒店提供一系列设施和服务。,The children turned their cameras on anyone in range.,孩子们把照相机对准出现在视野内的随便什么人,。,The childrens ages range from 5 to 15/between 5 and 15.,这些孩子的年龄在,5,至,15,岁之间。,(1)The price of the house is well _,(,超过了我们能承受的范围,),(2)It came _(,在我的视野内,),(3)Their ages _ (,在,25,岁到,50,岁之间）,beyond our range,range from 25 to 50,within my range of vision,(4) Its said that students in this class are from a wide _ of backgrounds.,A. range B. limit C. mark D. variety,【,解析,】,选,A,。,range,意为“范围”；,a wide range of,意为“广泛的范围”。,15. build up,逐渐增加，聚集,build up ones fortune,累积,/,聚集财富,build up ones body,健身,build up ones strength,养精蓄锐,增强体力,e.g.: We are building up a good business.,我们的生意兴隆。,16. keep on,继续,(P27 Line 44: ),keep on,可单独使用，也可接,doing,作宾语。,In order to keep healthy, we keep on running every day.,为了保持身体健康，我们每天都坚持跑步。,The rain kept on all night.,雨彻夜下个不停。,Warm clothing will keep out the cold.,暖和的衣服可以御寒。,She told us most of the story, but kept back the bit about her aunt.,她把事情的大部分都和我们说了，可是保留了有关她姑妈的那一部分。,They _ some of his wages to pay for the damage.,A. kept off B. keep out,C. kept on D. kept back,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：他们扣下他的一部分工资以赔偿损失。,keep back,意为“扣除”，符合句意。,The air inside is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun and,keeps it from escaping,. (,P,25,Line 3:,),里面的空气是温暖的，因为玻璃困住了太阳散发的热量，使热量散不出去。,1),此句为主从复合句，含有,because,引导的原因状语从句，且从句中含有由,and,并列的两个谓语。,2)keep. . . from doing. . .,阻止,做,You put the potatoes in saline water to,keep,them,from,turning black.,把马铃薯放到盐水里以防变黑。,The rain kept me _ the party yesterday.,A. to attend B. attending,C. from attending D. attended,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：昨天的雨使我未能参加宴会。,keep sb. from doing sth.,阻止某人做某事。,17. glance,vi,.,看一下,;,瞥一眼,;,扫视,n.,C,一瞥,【,原句,】,Glance,quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions. (P,27,),快速浏览杂志文章并回答问题。,He,glanced at,the crowd with a glass of wine in his hand.,他手里端着酒瞥了一眼人群。,I only had time to,glance at,the newspapers.,我只来得及浏览了一下报纸。,At first glance,the problem seemed easy.,乍一看问题似乎很简单。,Its impolite,to,stare at,(,盯着看,)foreign visitors in the street.,I lay back on the sand and,gazed at,(,凝视,)the stars above.,Mary,glanced at,(,扫视,)her watch and left quickly.,The teacher,glared at,(,怒视,)the boy who always made trouble in class.,Line 2:,That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase,when compared,to other natural changes. (P,26,),这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。,when compared to. . .,是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：,when it is compared to. . .,状语从句的省略的用法：,省略成分：,从句主语,+be,适用的从句：,时间、条件、让步等状语从句,省略条件：,主从句主语一致或从句主语是,it,，且从句谓语含有,be,Dont come in unless (you are) asked to.,没有叫你不要进来。,If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.,如果有必要，往我家里打电话。,We all know that, _, the climate change will get worse.,A. not if dealt carefully with,B. if not carefully dealt with,C. if dealt not carefully with,D. not if carefully dealt with,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查状语从句的省略。状语从句的省略原则之一为：从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有,be,的形式，可以省略状语从句中的主语和,be,。该句补充完整为：,if the climate change is not carefully dealt with,。,Line 5:,There is no doubt,that,the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and,that,it is human activity,that,has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. (P26),毫无疑问，地球正在变暖,(,见表一,),，是人类的活动导致了地球变暖，而不是一种任意的自然现象。,(1),在该句型中，,and,连接的两个并列的由,that,引导的同位语从句，表示,doubt,的内容。后边的,it isthat,是一个强调句，对,human activity,进行强调。,(2),There,is no doubt that. . .,是毫无疑问的。,doubt,作为名词,:,若用于否定句或疑问句中，后面接,that,引导的同位语从句；,若用于肯定句中，后面接,whether,引导的同位语从句。,注意此时不可以用,if,替换,whether,。,doubt,作为动词,:,若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接,that,引导的宾语从句；,若用于肯定句中，后面一般接,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句。,doubt,组成的一些短语：,in doubt,怀疑，拿不定主意,no/without/beyond doubt,无疑地，必定,I doubt whether/if he will come tonight.,我怀疑他今晚是否会来。,I never doubted (that) she would come.,我从未怀疑过她会来。,There is no doubt that he is right.,毫无疑问他是对的。,(1)_(,毫无疑问,)they will agree with you on this matter.,(2)I _(,我相信,)he will succeed.,(3)The future of the public library _ (,难以预料,),(4)Sally was _(,确实是,)one of the finest swimmers in the school.,There is no doubt that,have no doubt that,is in doubt,without/beyond doubt,You may have your own decision on this matter, and I have little doubt _ you will succeed.,A. if B. whether,C. that D. what,【,解析,】,选,C,。,doubt,用作名词，在否定句中后接,that,引导的同位语从句，补充说明,doubt,的内容。,It is/was+,被强调部分,+ that,（,who/whom,）,+,其他,强调句的连接词一般只用,that,； 强调人时，可用,who,(,主语、宾语）或,whom,（宾语）,;,强调句的时态一般为“,It is/was+that”;,强调句的一般疑问句句型：,Is / Was +it +,被强调的部分,+that / who/ whom+,其他,;,强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词,+ is/was+ it +that / who/ whom+,其他,判断是否是强调句是，可把,It is / was that,去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。,It was,in the street,that,I met her father.,In the street,I met her father.,It was,because she was ill,that,they didnt ask her to do the job.,Because she was ill, they didnt ask her to do the job.,It is,human activity,that,has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. ( Line 6),It was,a scientist called Charles Keeling,who,made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide(Line 7),It is,the burning of more and more fossil fuels,that,had resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. (Line 15),找出文中的强调句型,:,Line 18:,All scientists,subscribe to,the view that the increase in the earths temperature is,due to,the burning to fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.,主句：,All scientists,subscribe to,the view,同位语从句：,that the increase in the earths temperature is,due to,the burning to fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.,同位语从句：,1.,我赞成在这里重建一个学校的想法。,I subscribe to the idea,that a new school shoule be rebuilt here,.,2.,所有学生都喜欢在把作业交给老师前自己先批改的这个建议。,All the students like the proposal/suggestion/ advice,that they correct their homework before hand it in to the teacher.,Line 21:,Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is car