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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,离子共存问题,1,. Na,2,CO,3,+HCl=NaHCO,3,+NaCl,2. Na,2,CO,3,+2HCl=H,2,O+CO,2,+2NaCl,3,. Na,2,SO,3,+HCl=NaHSO,3,+NaCl,4. Na,2,SO,3,+2HCl=H,2,O+SO,2,+2NaCl,5,. Na,2,S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl,6. Na,2,S+2HCl=H,2,S,+2NaCl,弱酸酸根可与,H,+,反应，生成对应的弱酸,二元弱酸酸根可与,H,+,反应，,生成对应的 弱酸 或 酸式根,H,+,过,量,H,+,少,量,7,. 2CH,3,COONa+,H,2,SO,4,=2CH,3,COOH+Na,2,SO,4,8,.NaF+HCl=HF+NaCl,9,.Na,2,SiO,3,+H,2,SO,4,=H,2,SiO,3,+Na,2,SO,4,10,.2KClO+H,2,SO,4,=2HClO+K,2,SO,4,CH,3,COO,+,H,+,= CH,3,COOH,F,+,H,+,= HF,SiO,3,2,+ 2,H,+,=,H,2,SiO,3,ClO,+,H,+,= HClO,弱酸酸根可与,H,+,反应，生成对应的弱酸,强酸,强酸制弱酸,11.2NaHCO,3,+H,2,SO,4,=2H,2,O+2CO,2,+Na,2,SO,4,12. NaHSO,3,+HCl=H,2,O+SO,2,+NaCl,13.NaHS+HCl=H,2,S,+NaCl,14. NaHCO,3,+NaOH=H,2,O+Na,2,CO,3,15.NaHSO,3,+NaOH=H,2,O+Na,2,SO,3,16.NaHS+NaOH=H,2,O+Na,2,S,弱酸酸式根可与,H,+,反应，生成对应的弱酸,弱酸酸式根可与,OH,反应，生成对应的弱酸根,弱酸酸式根既可与,H,+,反应，又可与,OH,反应,17.NH,4,Cl+NaOH = NH,3,+NaCl+H,2,O,18.NH,4,NO,3,+KOH = NH,3,H,2,O+KNO,3,NH,4,+,+Cl,+Na,+,+OH,=,NH,3,+,Na,+,+,Cl,+H,2,O,NH,4,+,+OH,= NH,3,+H,2,O,NH,4,+,+NO,3,+K,+,+OH,=,NH,3,H,2,O,+ K,+,+NO,3,NH,4,+,+ OH,= NH,3,H,2,O,19.,NaHCO,3,+NaHSO,4,=H,2,O+CO,2,+Na,2,SO,4,Na,+,+HCO,3,+Na,+,+H,+,+SO,4,2,=,H,2,O+CO,2,+2,Na,+,+SO,4,2,HCO,3,+ H,+,= H,2,O+CO,2,Zn +2Na,+,+2H,+,+2SO,4,2,= H,2,+Zn,2,+,+SO,4,2,+2Na,+,+SO,4,2,Zn +2H,+,= H,2,+Zn,2,+,对比：,Zn,与盐酸反应的离子方程式,Zn+2NaHSO,4,=H,2,+ZnSO,4,+Na,2,SO,4,在同一溶液中,能,发生反应,的离子间就不能大量共存,生成,沉淀,生成,气体,生成,水,生成,弱酸,生成,弱碱,生成,弱酸酸式根,H,+,+ OH,= H,2,O,与,H,+,不大量共存的离子,1.,OH,2,.,弱酸酸根,3.,弱酸酸式根,HCO,3,HSO,3,HS,与,OH,不大量共存的离子,1.,H,+,2.,除,K,+,、,Na,+,、,B,a,2+,外的所有金属阳离子,3.,NH,4,+,4.,弱酸酸式根,强酸性,强碱性,1. Na,2,CO,3,+HCl=NaHCO,3,+NaCl,2. Na,2,CO,3,+2HCl=H,2,O+CO,2,+2NaCl,2Na,+,+ CO,3,2,+H,+,+Cl,= Na,+,+HCO,3,+,Na,+,+,Cl,CO,3,2,+H,+,= HCO,3,2Na,+,+ CO,3,2,+2H,+,+2Cl,=,H,2,O+CO,2,+ 2,Na,+,+2,Cl,CO,3,2,+2H,+,= H,2,O + CO,2,3. Na,2,SO,3,+HCl=NaHSO,3,+NaCl,4. Na,2,SO,3,+2HCl=H,2,O+SO,2,+2NaCl,2Na,+,+ SO,3,2,+H,+,+Cl,= Na,+,+HSO,3,+,Na,+,+,Cl,SO,3,2,+H,+,= HSO,3,2Na,+,+ SO,3,2,+2H,+,+2Cl,= H,2,O+SO,2,+ 2,Na,+,+2,Cl,SO,3,2,+2H,+,= H,2,O + SO,2,5. Na,2,S+HCl=NaHS+NaCl,6. Na,2,S+2HCl=H,2,S,+2NaCl,2Na,+,+ S,2,+H,+,+Cl,= Na,+,+HS,+,Na,+,+,Cl,S,2,+H,+,= HS,2Na,+,+ S,2,+2H,+,+2Cl,= H,2,S,+ 2,Na,+,+2,Cl,S,2,+2H,+,= H,2,S,7. 2CH,3,COONa+,H,2,SO,4,=2CH,3,COOH+Na,2,SO,4,CH,3,COO,+,H,+,= CH,3,COOH,2Na,+,+ 2,CH,3,COO,+2H,+,+SO,4,2,=,2CH,3,COOH+ 2,Na,+,+,SO,4,2,8.NaF+HCl=HF+NaCl,F,+,H,+,= HF,Na,+,+ F,+H,+,+Cl,= HF,+,Na,+,+Cl,9.Na,2,SiO,3,+H,2,SO,4,=H,2,SiO,3,+Na,2,SO,4,SiO,3,2,+ 2,H,+,=,H,2,SiO,3,2Na,+,+ SiO,3,2,+2H,+,+SO,4,2,= H,2,SiO,3,+ 2,Na,+,+,SO,4,2,10.2KClO+H,2,SO,4,=2HClO+K,2,SO,4,ClO,+,H,+,= HClO,2K,+,+2ClO,+2H,+,+SO,4,2,= 2HClO,+ 2K,+,+,SO,4,2,亚硫 磷酸 氢氟酸,甲酸 苯甲 醋酸,碳酸 氢硫 次氯酸,氰酸 石炭酸,SO,3,2,PO,4,3,F,CH,3,COO,ClO,S,2,CO,3,2,
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