RIP路由配置与原理

Slide Title,Body Text,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,*,Cisxo Education Solution,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,RIP路由配置,路由协议的基本概念与原理,路由根本问题是要解决什么？,数据转发的路径,-,路由表,(show ip route),源地址：信息包所在的源地址；,目的地址：信息包所要达到的目的地址；,路由：所有可能的路径；,路由选择：选择最佳路径；并维护路由表，通过协议进行路由更新。,路由器只知道与其直接相连的网络或子网,路由协议：路由算法完成路由选择，传递信息，学习路由，更新路由表。,路由协议的类型：,内部网关协议（,IGP,）；包括,RIP,，,IGRP,，,OSPF,，,EIGRP,，,IS-IS,等协议；,外部网关协议（,BGP,）,BGP,是一种域间路由选择协议也称为,EGP,路由选择协议,在,IGP,中，,RIP,是个广泛使用的协议。,RIP,也称向量距离协议，用信息包所经过的网关来做距离的单位，超过,15,跳便无法到达。,IGRP,是,CISCO,专用的路由协议，可以服务于大型互连网络，不受限于,15,跳的限制（,100,跳）,19.2,kbps,T1,T1,T1,Hop,计算,路由器每隔30秒更新,最多支持相同,hop,数的6条路径，实现负载均衡,RIP 概 述,激活,RIP,协议,Router(config)#router rip,Router(config-router)#network,network-number,选择直接连接的网络,必须是有效的网络,RIP 配 置,2.3.0.0,router rip,network 172.16.0.0,network 10.0.0.0,RIP 配置举例,router rip,network 10.0.0.0,2.3.0.0,router rip,network 192.168.1.0,network 10.0.0.0,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,查看RIP信息,RouterA#sh ip protocols,Routing Protocol is rip,Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds,Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240,Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is,Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is,Redistributing: rip,Default version control: send version 1, receive any version,Interface Send Recv Key-chain,Ethernet0 1 1 2,Serial2 1 1 2,Routing for Networks:,10.0.0.0,172.16.0.0,Routing Information Sources:,Gateway Distance Last Update,10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10,Distance: (default is 120),172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,查看路由表,RouterA#sh ip route,Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP,D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area,N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2,E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP,i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default,U - per-user static route, o - ODR,T - traffic engineered route,Gateway of last resort is not set,172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets,C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0,10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets,R 10.2.2.0 120/1 via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2,R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,RIP的配置：,启用RIP：,通告网络，将A.B.C.D加入到路由器上的RIP路由进程中，并标识该网络为直接相连的网络。,2503(config)#router rip,2503(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0,2503(config-router)#,观察RIP的启用：,2503#show run,显示IP路由协议：,2503#show ip protocols,2.3.0.0,router rip,network 172.16.0.0,network 10.0.0.0,RIP Configuration Example,router rip,network 10.0.0.0,2.3.0.0,router rip,network 192.168.1.0,network 10.0.0.0,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,Verifying the Routing ProtocolRIP,RouterA#sh ip protocols,Routing Protocol is rip,Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds,Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240,Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is,Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is,Redistributing: rip,Default version control: send version 1, receive any version,Interface Send Recv Key-chain,Ethernet0 1 1 2,Serial2 1 1 2,Routing for Networks:,10.0.0.0,172.16.0.0,Routing Information Sources:,Gateway Distance Last Update,10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10,Distance: (default is 120),172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,Displaying the IP Routing Table,RouterA#sh ip route,Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP,D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area,N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2,E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP,i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default,U - per-user static route, o - ODR,T - traffic engineered route,Gateway of last resort is not set,172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets,C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0,10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets,R 10.2.2.0 120/1 via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2,R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,缺省的管理距离,直接连接：,0,静态路由：,1,（可以修改的）,EIGRP,：,90,IGRP,：,100,OSPF,：,110,RIP,：,120,未知：,255,（最大值）,附录：端口的IP配置,2503#show run,2503(config)#int s0,2503(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.53 255.255.255.0,2503(config-if)#clock rate 200000,Unknown clock rate,(,只有,DCE,端可以设时钟速率与带宽,),2503(config-if)#bandwidth 64000,2503(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc,2503(config-if)#no shut,（激活端口）,（,HDLC,为,CISCO,路由设备默认的协议封装类型）,端口查看：,2503#show int s0,2503#show int,Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up,没问题！,Serial0 is,up, line protocol is down,请查看数据封装协议，时钟速率，是否激活,Serial0 is down, line protocol is down,物理线路故障,浮动路由实验,(RIP+,静态路由,),R1,R2,R3,T1,56,k,T1,0,Hops,1,Hop,Path A,Path B,Hops,实验关键：,1,、,RIP,的管理距离为,120,；静态路由的管理距离为,121,2,、指定备份接口，,Int s0,/,设置主要接口；,Backup int bri8,/,设置备份接口；,Backup delay 5 20,/,设置启动和关闭时间；,Laboratory Exercise: Visual Objective,Branch office,ISDN service,Cisco 3640,Cisco 1600,Central site,Frame Relay,Frame Relayservice,PRI,BRI,Frame Relay,Primary,Backup/ secondary,S0,S3/1,Bri 0,T1 1/0,Configure an ISDN backup that is enabled if primary Frame Relay connection fails,项目.双链路备份,公司有一条电信,DDN,线路,还有一条联通,DDN,分配给我们的,IP,肯定是不同的,我们有很多基于,INTERNET,的应用,.,问题,:,如何在两条线路上做到线路间的相互备份,?,答：我大致明白了你的想法，如果只有一个域名的话这样做比较困难；如果你有多个域名的话是可以的，当用户访问一个不成功时，主动访问第二个。这样便可以容错了。,从主链路到备份链路：,用,SHOW,BACKUP,查看备份线路状态（下面表示连接已被激活）,可以看到路由表中的静态路由被清除掉了，被第二线路的浮动静态路由所代替。,下图是主链路正常后的，变化结果！,