可用性测试的实践途径英文教学课件

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,可用性测试的实践途径英文,可用性测试的实践途径英文可用性测试的实践途径英文Practical Approaches toUsability TestingJulie Nowicki,President,Optavia CorporationWEB2000Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000GoalsPut usability testing in perspective,In the bigger picture of usability,Compared to other techniques,Understand the breadth of usability testing methods available,Be able to focus and choose the right method,Depending on the web sites development stage,Balancing resource costs against benefits of various methods,2Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Practical Approaches toUsability Testing,Julie Nowicki,President,Optavia Corporation,WEB2000,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Goals,Put usability testing in perspective,In the bigger picture of usability,Compared to other techniques,Understand the breadth of usability testing methods available,Be able to focus and choose the right method,Depending on the web sites development stage,Balancing resource costs against benefits of various methods,2,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Topics,The role of usability testing,Definition and comparison to other techniques,Designing the usability test,Planning,Choosing specific methods,Tuxedos or jeans?,Summary: Getting what you want,And what your customers want!,3,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,E-commerce and Usability,Three E-commerce segments,B2C (Business-to-Consumer),B2B (Business-to-Business),B2E (Business-to-Employee),All focus on the,customer,Ability of customer to,effectively complete a task, with,high satisfaction,levels,is key to the bottom line,Usability,4,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Qualities of a usable Web site,Learnability,Can customers easily grasp how to use the site the very first time?,Memorability,Do customers remember how the next time?,Ease-of-use,Can customers navigate easily?,Is the design consistent and predictable?,Efficiency,Can customers complete tasks and transactions effectively?,Appeal,More than visual: do customers feel positive about the experience?,5,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,How can usability testing help?,Learnability,Measure time-on-task,Measure success rate,Ease-of-use,Measure errors/false starts,Track navigation patterns (and why),Record comprehension of words and graphics,Efficiency,Measure time-on-task,Appeal,Record facial expressions and comments,Administer post-test survey,6,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Characteristics of a usability test,Uses real customers (users),Customers perform actual tasks with the site or a prototype,Data is recorded,May be qualitative or quantitative,Includes customer comments,Provides objective information,Facilitated by a skilled specialist,Observed by a skilled specialist,7,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Limitations of usability testing,Based on a few customers,Guinea pig effect,Test environment cannot duplicate the real world,Users know they are being watched,Not thorough by nature,Testing a few tasks, not every aspect of site usage,Some issues are not readily apparent,Use of color and fonts,Accessibility,8,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Usability testing compared,Web site log statistics,Automated use testing,Focus groups,QA and system testing,User acceptance testing,Proven usability techniques:,Heuristic evaluation and guidelines reviews,Walkthroughs,9,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Tip,Usability,encompasses customer-centered,design,and,evaluation,.,However,Usability testing is an,evaluation,technique.,Usability testing is,not,a,design,technique.,10,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Customer-centered design process,Analysis,Evaluation,Understand objectives,Understand customers,Understand their tasks,Develop design concept,Specify the details,Test with real customers (,usability testing,),Review with design specialists,Design,Iterative!,11,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Actual Timeline,Month 1,2,3,4,5-7,Vision,Field Study,Customer analysis,Task analysis,Workflow,Review Analysis Doc,Conceptual Model,Prototype Sketches,Start Interact Spec Doc,1,st,Online Prototype,Refine Interact Spec Doc,2,nd,Online Prototype,(real code),Finish Interact Spec Doc,Develop,User,Assistance,Walkthrough,Usability Testing with Sketches,Usability Testing with Online Prototype,Guidelines Review,Usability Testing,Ongoing mini-reviews,12,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Anatomy of a usability test,Plan and,Design,Report and,Recommend,Conduct,Plan: Answer the big questions,Select the test methods,Get participants,13,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Overview of usability testing methods,To prepare for the test, you must,Plan,Answer some big-picture questions,Understand objectives, customers, and tasks,Choose the test methods,Considering a number of parameters,Pick the best usability testing methods for your situation,14,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Planning:Big decisions to make first,What are you trying to accomplish?,When will you do the test?,Based on product lifecycle,What are the customer profiles?,What tasks will customers do?,How will you present the results?,How will you make recommendations?,Explore design alternatives,15,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,What are you trying to accomplish?,Find out how your site compares to the competition,Find out if your new design works for,Existing customers,New customers,Get statistically sound data,16,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Tips for setting objectives,Prioritize the four usability components,Learnability,Ease-of-use,Efficiency,Appeal,Be specific,NO,“Registration is easy to use.”,YES,“New customers should be able to complete the registration process in 5 minutes without help.”,17,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Tip,Usability testing done early in the design cycle,reduces risk,.,18,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,The Cost to Make a Change,Adapted from,Rapid Application Development,by James Martin,Usability,U-test a must,Usability,19,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Dont get fooled by online development tools!,Sketches are highly advantageous,They are easy to throw away,People dont assume the system is done,People are more likely to suggest changes,Usability testing can be done with sketches,Tip,20,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Tip,Usability testing done late in the production processhelps you,plan,for the next iteration.,21,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Who are the customers?,Marketing information such as,Age,Income,Education,Career,Experience with the Internet,Experience with online shopping,Anticipated frequency of use (your site),Environment they work in,Home, office,22,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,What are the tasks?,Creating task scenarios is a,must,!,Dont use language that leads the user,NO,“Go to My Profile and change your address to”,YES,“You have moved. Change your address to”,23,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Presenting the results,Consider allowing observers during the test,Make sure they do not interfere,Highlight tape,Compelling and efficient,Results of data collection,Summary of issues,prioritized,by,Usability criticality,Implementation effort,Recommendations,24,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,The next step,Once you have,considered what you want to accomplish, and when,identified your customer profiles,determined the tasks you want customers to perform,decided how to communicate the results,you are ready to design the test methods,25,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Test methods:Parameters that you must select,Equipment and facilities,What to measure,Quantitative and qualitative,How to collect measurements,Use of participants (protocol),How many participants,Level of facilitation,Level of participant verbalization,26,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Equipment and facilities,Conference room,Paper notes,One camera,Paper notes,Portable lab,Logging software,Lab facility,Logging software,27,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Example Usability Labs,From usabilitysystems,From microsoft/usability,28,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Advantages of video tape,Records very valuable, compelling qualitative data,Page navigation,Expressions,Comments in context,Provides a real snippet of an actual customer experience,Watch out,Someone needs to understand the equipment,Time to setup, review, create highlight tape,29,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,What to measure: Quantitative,Time on task,Number of errors,Successful completion of task (yes/no),How you collect measurements is determined by facility and equipment,30,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,What to watch for: Qualitative,Navigation patterns,Getting lost?,Predictability,Understand graphics?,Understand words?,Looking for it to work like something else?,Flexibility,Looking for a quicker way?,Looking for help?,31,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Protocols (Use of participants),Individual,Paired,Comparison,Good for competitive analysis,Between-subjects: each customer uses one site,Within-subjects: each customer uses both sites,32,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,How many participants?,5-8 participants will find 80% of usability problems,4 is good minimum number,Qualitative data,Early prototype,Qualitative and quantitative,Later in development,Paired or comparison protocols,3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12,Statistically sound results,33,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Level of facilitation,Facilitator in another room,Facilitator in same room,Discussion after each task,Facilitator and participant interact during task,34,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Level of participant verbalization,Think-aloud,Heads-down work,35,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Interaction,X,Qualitative data,Discussion-oriented,Informal environment,Think-aloud,Quantitative data,Heads-down task,Formal,Lab,Mostly qualitative,User works alone,Formal,Lab,High,Low,Low High,Participant verbalization,Facilitation,36,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Putting it all together,LoFi Prototype,(paper),HiFi Prototype,(online),Pre-production,Production site,Qualitative data,Quantitative Data,Conference rm,Conf rm or lab,Lab,Lab,Hi facilitation,Medium,Medium,Lo facilitation,Hi participant verbalization,Lo participant verbalization,3-4 users,4-8 users,4-8 users,6-12 users,Participants 1 hour,1-2 hours,1-2 hours,Participants 2+ hours,Individuals,Individuals,Indivs or pairs,Indivs or pairs,Days,Weeks,Informal Formal,37,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Now that weve said that,Can you do informal testing on a production site?,Sure!,Can you do quick, but formal testing in a lab on a prototype?,Sure!,38,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,What if,Youre in the fast-paced e-commerce environment,You want customer data but you need it,Now (yesterday),Whenever you make significant changes,You want guidance in making design decisions or changes,39,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Variation,LoFi Prototype,(paper),HiFi Prototype,(online),Pre-production,Production site,Qualitative data,Quantitative Data,Conference rm,Conf rm or lab,Lab,Lab,Hi facilitation,Medium,Medium,Lo facilitation,Hi participant verbalization,Lo participant verbalization,3-4 users,4-8 users,4-8 users,6-12 users,Participants 1 hour,1-2 hours,1-2 hours,Participants 2+ hours,Individuals,Individuals,Indivs or pairs,Indivs or pairs,Days,Weeks,Informal Formal,40,Resource costs will be determined by your choices,Cost of facilities and equipment,Time for each participant,Your time resources,Planning test,Conducting test,Reporting and decision-making,Staff resources and skill levels,Generally all go up as you move from informal to formal,41,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Results,“When we introduced an electronic expense payment system, users declared the application incredibly efficient as early as the testing phase. That never would have happened if we hadnt had the usability group to help us meet our business objectives. No company should ever move forward on a project in todays business environment without some usability in their back pocket.”,From Supervisor of Integrated Business Practices,42,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,Usability is more than just usability testing,It is a,process,Julie Nowicki,President,Optavia Corporation,JNowickioptavia,608 260 9000,optavia,43,Practical Approaches to Usability Testing WEB2000,41,、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。,阿卜,日,法拉兹,42,、只有在人群中间，才能认识自己。,德国,43,、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育；而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。,玛丽,佩蒂博恩,普尔,44,、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰难的遭遇里百折不饶。,贝多芬,45,、自己的饭量自己知道。,苏联,