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Modifiez le style du titre,Modifiez les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,*,Modifiez le style du titre,Modifiez les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,Modifiez le style du titre,Modifiez les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,Modifiez le style du titre,Modifiez les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,Modifiez le style du titre,Modifiez les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,UseofS.BoulardiitoimproveGuthealthunderantibioticsfreetrend,PierreLebreton,April2014,UseofS.BoulardiitoimproveGuthe,1,Pierre LEBRETON,Ing. Agriculture, Pig nutrition specialist,Technical Director of Tecnor-Sofac France,Specialised in sows and piglets feeds production,Consultant for feed industries and pig farms,Consultant for Lallemand companie,Previously part of the french Provimi pig team,法国资深猪饲料配方和生产顾问，从业,16,年曾担任法国普乐维美猪饲料总配方师、法国,Brittany,养猪联合会技术顾问、现任法国,Tecnor-Sofac,公司技术总监，同时被法国养猪联合会和拉曼动物营养聘请问技术顾问。,Pierre LEBRETONConsultant for,2,Global conditionning factors for piglets abilities:,制约仔猪生产性能的因素,Piglet weight, maturity, vitality at birth,仔猪出生重、出生时的成熟度与活力,Colostrum intake, Colostrum quality,初乳的摄取量、初乳的品质,Prestarter intake, weaning prparation,教槽料,/,过渡料的采食,、断奶准备,Housing conditions, contamination from sow,房舍条件、母猪病原菌的垂直传递,Milk production,milk quality,猪奶的供给量、猪奶的品质,Global conditionning factors f,3,2.a,Contamination from the sow,母猪病原菌的垂直传递,The quality of the faeces influence the composition of the piglets gut,Fiber quality and content of the feed (gestation &lactation),母猪粪便的优劣会影响仔猪消化道,微生物,的组成,-,纤维的品质和饲粮成分（妊娠料和泌乳料）决定母猪粪便的优劣,4,2.aContamination from the sowT,Weaning : Stresses for the piglet,断奶：仔猪遭受应激,Stop in the maternel link,强制与母猪分离,Change of environnement,环境的变化,Modification of,social organisation,分群使社交模式改变,Modification of feeding and feeds,饲喂制度和饲粮的改变,Immunitary weakness,免疫系统尚不成熟,STRESS,Under-NUTRITION,Immature,Digestif System,尚不成熟的消化系统,Weaning : Stresses for the pi,5,Main consequences :,主要不良后果,Microbes,and,virus,are widely exchanged,病原微生物和病毒混杂,- environment,环境,- stress,应激,- decrease of immunity,免疫力降低,- stress on the microflora,应激导致肠道菌群变化,Frequent,pathological events,疾病频发, mainly enteric aspects,(diarrhoeas, dema.), respiratory,主要是肠道疾病（腹泻、水肿病）和呼吸道疾病, symptoms, mortality,有临床症状且死亡率高,- feed efficiency decreased,(ADG,FCR),饲料转化率下降,Main consequences : 主要不良后果,6,.,Before Weaning,After W,incredible number of new species discovered:,被发现的新微生物菌种数量庞大,854,different bacterias,identified in the feces of an unweaned piglet,一头哺乳小猪粪中鉴定出,854,种不同微生物,Lactobacilli very limited counts!,乳酸杆菌的比例非常小,Stress of the microflora :,Deep sequencing method,微生物菌群的应激：深度测序技术,断奶前,.Before WeaningAfter W incredi,7,.,After Weaning,Big changes appears!,断奶导致肠道菌群发生重大改变,Cellulolitic bacterias are very sensitive to stresses,纤维分解菌对应激非常敏感,Stress of the microflora :,Deep sequencing method,微生物菌群的应激：深度测序技术,断奶后,.After WeaningStress of the mi,8,Stress of the microflora :,role of feed intake,微生物菌群的应激：采食量的作用,Week of lactation,泌乳期,Days after weaning,断奶后几天内的变化,Age, weeks,5,6,周龄之后,Average consumption of dry matter,平均干物质摄入量,断奶,W,eaning,Stress of the microflora : rol,9,Weaning : Stresses for the GIT,断奶：对胃肠道的影响,群体和日粮的改变,采食量降低,肠道的营养缺乏,粘膜功能受损,消化不良,吸收障碍,生长表现不佳,腹泻,感染,炎症反应,细菌抗原和毒素摄入增加,菌体位移增加,Weaning : Stresses for the GI,10,Microscopy and histomorphology of the villi before and after weaning,小肠绒毛在断奶前后镜检和组织形态学的改变,Dr John Pluske Murdoch Uty,Impact on the villis quality :,对小肠绒毛质量的影响,Gut structure in the small intestine,小肠结构,Before weaning,断奶前,After weaning,断奶后,After weaning,断奶后,Before weaning,断奶前,Microscopy and histomorpholog,11,Gut is the largest ,immune, organ,肠道是最大的“免疫”器官,Huge amounts and diversity of antigens due to food and gut microbes,摄入的食物和肠道微生物形成动物肠道内数量庞大且多样化的抗原物质,All components of the defense system: physical barrier, mucus, specialised immune cells,防御体系齐全：,物理性屏障、粘膜免疫、特殊的免疫细胞,Dense network of nerves and blood,vessels: connected,神经与血管网络分布,密集且紧密相联,12,Gut is the largest immune,Effects on immunity,对免疫的影响,Interaction between bacteria, intestinal cells and dendritic cells,细菌、肠道细胞、树突细胞的相互作用,MAMPs,: microorganism-associated molecular patterns;,PRRs,: pattern recognition receptors,Lebeer,et al.,2010, Nature Reviews Microbiology 8,Effects on immunity 对免疫的影响Inte,13,The Ig concentration from the colostrum declines very rapidly ; the piglets own immune system progressively starts producing its own antibodies (25),初乳中的免疫球蛋白浓度迅速下降；仔猪自身免疫系统逐渐建立产生自体抗体,Ig in the serum (mg/ml),血清中免疫球蛋白水平,Piglet Ig endogenous synthesis,仔猪免疫球蛋白,内源合成量,Ig from the Colostrum,初乳中的,免疫球蛋白,Total Ig level,总抗体水平,Adult Ig level,成年免疫球蛋白水平,Birth,J.28,J.21,J.14,J.7,Days,Immunity , first defensive line:,免疫,第一道防线,(25) Euzeby, 1989, Bull Acad Natl Med,Lower protection: higher susceptibility to pathogens,抗体保护较低：对病原菌易感性较高,Total Immunoglobulines level along the time,随着时间延长仔猪体内总免疫球蛋白水平的变化,The Ig concentration from the,14,Effects of weaning on enz. activity,(pancras),断奶对消化酶活性的影响,（胰腺）,Trypsine,胰蛋白酶,Chymotrypsine,胰凝乳蛋白酶,Lipase,酯酶,Amylase,淀粉酶,Days after weaning,断奶后日龄,(*),(*),(*),: enzymatic activities in relation to weaning, weaning = 100,相对于断奶时水平的消化酶活性，断奶酶活设为,100,Days after weaning,断奶后日龄,Effects of weaning on enz. act,15,Suckling piglets,哺乳小猪,24 day old weaned Piglets but sick and kept untreated 24,日龄断奶仔猪、疾病当尚未给药治疗,31 day old weaned and healthy Piglets, 7 days post-weaning 31,日龄断奶且健康仔猪，断奶后,7,天的情况,(having received Zinc oxide and Antibiotics),已经摄入氧化锌和抗生素,Abbreviations: ApA aminopeptidase A,氨基肽酶,A,; ApN aminopeptidase N,氨基肽酶,N,; DPP IV dipeptidilpeptidase IV,二酰肽肽酶,IV,.,Thymann et al.,Specific enzymatic activities in the upper gut and the pancreas,上消化道和胰腺中的特定酶的酶活水平,Poor digestion lot of undigested substrates available for bacterial growth,(protein!),消化不良,大量未消化食糜成为病原微生物生长的营养底物,Effects of weaning on enz. Activity,断奶对消化酶活性的影响,（胰腺,）,Suckling piglets 哺乳小猪Thymann,16,Main Solutions used to avoid antibiotics :,避免使用抗生素的主要方案,Impact of prestarter intake,教槽,/,过渡料采食量的影响,Impact of feed quality before and after weaning,断奶前后饲料品质的影响,Help of,Levucell SB,布拉迪,的应用,这里是否改成益生菌类产品的应用,提及欧洲市场上的乳酸杆菌、粪链球菌、酵母菌、布拉氏酵母,最后说他更倾向于使用布拉迪的原因,Main Solutions used to avoid a,17,Objective from :,关注目标,5 days before weaning to 5 days after weaning,断奶前,5,天至断奶后,5,天,Feed and protect the gut as an immune organ,before,looking for feeding the piglet for growth,首先营养和保护消化道使其充分发挥成熟免疫器官的功能,其次才是饲养仔猪促进其生长,First : Feed consumption,首先： 饲料采食量,Objective from :关注目标First :,18,First : Feed consumption,首先： 饲料采食量,Week of lactation,Days after weaning,Age, weeks,Average consumption of dry matter,平均干物质消耗量,10 days,断奶,weaning,Week of lactation,泌乳期,Days after weaning,断奶后几天内的变化,Age, weeks,5,6,周龄之后,First : Feed consumption首先,19,2 Batches,During lactation,*,+ 8 %,*,48h aprs sevrage,+ 14 %,During lactation,*,Trials 2013, Tecnor-sofac :,impact of pre starter consumption,Exemple of trials made last year on 3 commercial farms, 3 batches, 100% of piglets,Tecnor-Sofac Feeds,2013,年,3,个商业猪场连续,3,个批次仔猪的饲养成绩，全场使用,Tecnor-Sofac,的饲料,Farm N1,Farm N2,Farm N3,Total quantity of feed per litter,Quantiti consummed (g),*,*,3 Batches,During lactation,泌乳期,+150%,Total quantity per piglet,*,1st days after weaning,+62%,+42%,+82%,Quantiti consummed (g),Quantiti consummed (g),3 Batches,Total quantity of feed per litter,Total quantity of feed per litter,1st days after weaning,Total quantity per piglet,Total quantity per piglet,每窝饲料消耗量,断奶后一天的仔猪采食量,2 BatchesDuring lactation*+,20,Weaning with,Pr-starter,使用教保料断奶,Weaning without Pr-starter,不使用教保料断奶,40% of ADG variation from de 0 to 34 days is explained by feed intake in the first,week after weaning,34,日龄前平均日增重的,40%,取决于,断奶后第一周的采食量,Bruininx 2002,280,300,320,340,360,380,400,L,ength of,Villis,(m),绒毛长度,0,4,Days after weaning,断奶后,4,天的变化,First : Feed consumption,Weaning with Pr-starte,21,Protin from milk,Lactose,乳制品提供蛋白和乳糖,Equilibrium between raw,and cooked crals:,Wheat, barley, biscuits,熟化与未加工谷物的平衡,小麦、大麦、饼干,Adapt,ed,Nutritional levels,适合的营养水平,Organic Acids,有机酸,Enzymes,消化酶,Levucell SB,布拉迪,Fibers with high,Hydratation capacity,高水合能力的纤维,Piglets,Feeds,Fatty acids and fat,脂肪酸和脂肪,AntiOxydants, Vit,抗氧化剂与生物素,Methyl donnors,甲基供体,Essencial oils,精油,.,Second : Feed Quality,其次：,饲料的品质,Protin from milkEquilibrium b,22,Second : Feed Quality,=,More than nutritionnal levels,Raw material quality,饲料原料的品质,=,Protein quality,(high sensibility),蛋白的品质,（,较高的敏感性）,Fiber quality,(soluble & insoluble),纤维的品质,（可溶,&,不可溶）,Fat quality,脂肪的品质,Starch quality,淀粉的品质,Milk products quality,乳制品的品质,Probiotics,益生菌的选择,.,Mycotoxins,霉菌毒素,Oxydations,氧化,Second : Feed Quality More,23,Slection of safety raw materials,安全饲料原料的选择,Limit soja meal,限制豆粕的使用,Technological Process,antinutritionnals factors and take out their sensibilising factors (, inflammation),适宜的加工处理技术能降低抗营养因子水平、清除特异性过敏原，降低炎性反应发生风险,Farine soya standard,Conc. protines soya,Slection of safety raw materi,24,Slection of safety raw materials,安全饲料原料的选择,Soja meal,豆粕,Soja meal treated,熟化豆粕,Plasma,血浆,Milk serum,乳清,Soja meal treated,熟化豆粕,Patatoe protein,土豆蛋白,Synthetic amino acids,合成氨基酸,Exemple of Protein composition in special formulation (21 day weaning) : 21,日龄断奶典型配方的蛋白组成,Slection of safety raw materi,25,Adapted starchs :,适宜的淀粉,Trial Wheat Cooked wheat,Cereals variety and quality is important :,Use of cooked wheat and oat, cakes and Barley,Cooked Rice could be very interesting,谷物多样性和品质均至关重要,使用熟化的小麦、燕麦、饼干和大麦,熟化大米的效果可能也非常好,Exemple of T-S Trials,Adapted starchs : 适宜的淀粉Trial,26,Adapted starchs :,适宜的淀粉,Exemple of starch content in special formulation (21 day weaning) :,21,日龄断奶配方中淀粉来源的举例,Cake,蛋糕,Barley,大麦,CookedWheat,熟化小麦,High Quality Wheat,高品质小麦,Adapted starchs : 适宜的淀粉Exemple,27,Adaptated Feeds :,适宜的饲料,In my company we developed 9 different types of starters :,9,种类型的淀粉针对不同的应用方案,Special gut protection, (days before weaning, 5 days after),针对保护肠道，断奶前至断奶后,5,天使用,Spcial diahrea sensibility, low protein level,Spcial diahrea sensibility, normal protein level,针对腹泻敏感性选择淀粉，并配合不同蛋白水平,Spcial weaning 19 days,针对不同断奶日龄选择淀粉,Spcial weaning 23 days,并考虑是否需要着重保护菌群稳定性,Spcial weaning 28 days , with flora protection,Spcial weaning 28 days without high protection,Spcial weaning 23 days, with antibiotic use (probiotic inside),Spcial weaning 28 days, with antibiotic use (probiotic inside),针对不同断奶日龄且使用抗生素的情况，此时必须添加益生菌保护,Adaptated Feeds :适宜的饲料In my,28,Exemple of extreme formulation,Exemple of extreme formulation,29,Spcific feed free antibiotic trend :,Raw materials,Spcific feed free antibiotic,30,Exemple of nutrient levels :,Exemple of nutrient levels :,31,Exemple of nutrient levels :,Amino acids :,Exemple of nutrient levels :Am,32,Exemple of nutrient levels :,Exemple of nutrient levels :,33,Vitamine A,UI/kg,17400,Vitamine D3,UI/kg,1160,25 Hydchocalcifrol,mg/kg,0,021924,equ. Vit D3,876,96,total D3,2036,96,Vitamine E,mg/kg,174,Polyphnols,45,Vitamine C,mg/kg,150,8,Vitamine B1,mg/kg,1,624,Vitamine B2,mg/kg,5,8,Pantothnate de Ca,mg/kg,17,4,Niacine,mg/kg,29,Vitamine B12,mg/kg,0,0406,Vitamine B6,mg/kg,4,06,Vitamine K3,mg/kg,2,088,Acide Folique,mg/kg,1,16,Biotine,mg/kg,0,116,Chlorure de Choline,mg/kg,290,Btane,mg/kg,1044,Fer,mg/kg,208,8,Cuivre,mg/kg,162,4,Zinc,mg/kg,0,Manganse,mg/kg,63,8,Iode (iodate),mg/kg,1,16,Cobalt (carbonate),mg/kg,0,Slnium (slnite),mg/kg,0,2,SlnoMthionine,0,116,Exemple of premix content :,Extract,Vitamine AUI/kg17400Vitamine D,34,Adaptated solutions :,exemple of 21 days weaning product21,日龄断奶的方案实例,Acidification,酸化剂,Sorbic + Benzoic +.,山梨酸,+,苯甲酸,+,Essentials oils,精油,Thymol/Eugenol/Carvacrol,麝香草酚,/,丁香油酚,/,香芹酚,Resistant Starch,抗性淀粉,Fat emulsifier,乳化剂,Clay : smectite,蒙脱石,Probiotic,益生菌,.,Soluble&Insoluble fiber,可溶和不可溶纤维,Good Flora,Adaptated solutions : exemple,35,Adaptated Probiotic :,适宜的益生菌,Several probiotics have been tested, selection has been done based on :,根据下面的选择依据已经对许多益生菌进行过筛选,1- resistance again antibiotics,抗生素敏感性,2- resistance again acidification,酸化剂敏感性,3- ability to promote cellulolitic flora,纤维分解菌促进能力,4- ability to promote lactic flora,乳酸菌的促进能力,5- direct property to struggle again E. Coli,直接抵抗大肠杆菌的能力,6- direct effect on inflamation,对炎症反应的直接效果,7- heat resistance during processing,饲料加工工艺的热稳定性,Live yeast preferred,活酵母最终胜出,Adaptated Probiotic : 适宜的益生菌Se,36,1,LEVUCELL,SB,:,SPECIFIC PROBIOTIC YEAST,布拉迪,特殊的益生菌酵母,Identity and Selection,鉴定与筛选,b),Strain :,Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii,CNCM I-1079,菌株：酿酒酵母布拉氏亚种,CNCM I-1079,菌株,c),LEVUCELL SB,: Mode of Action,作用模式,d),LEVUCELL SB,: Main Applications and Role,主要应用与效果,Third :,第三点,37,1LEVUCELLSB :Identity and Sel,1.a,:,A,WORLD LEADER,IN YEAST,AND BACTERIA PRODUCTION,世界顶尖的酵母和细菌生产供应商,1.,Global leader in microbial selection,and screening:,More than 1,000 yeast strains in Lallemand culture collection.,拉曼拥有上千株菌株的微生物种质资源,2.,State of the art production processes for microbial products:,More than 25 specialized yeast & bacteria production plants,around the world.,全球超过,25,家专业化的酵母和细菌发酵工厂,3.,Effective animal research and biotechnology network:,3 labs fully dedicated to screening, processing and stability,三所实验室致力于菌株筛选、加工和稳定性,Research partnerships with world-class expertise centres:,University of Nottingham, INRA, BRI,世界顶尖的研究机构长期合作研究,诺丁汉大学、法国农业科学院、加拿大国家生物技术研究所,.,Identity and Selection,鉴定与筛选,38,1.a: A WORLD LEADER IN YEAST 1,1.a,Bakers yeast : Maltose utilization,Brewers yeast : Bitter Attenuation,Wine yeast : Flavor, Color,Distillers yeast: Fermentation rate, alcohol tolerance,Objectives,Regulation of intestinal microflora,协调肠道菌群,Stimulation of immune system,刺激免疫系统,Improved intestinal structure and,function,改善肠道结构与功能,Identity and Selection,鉴定与筛选,39,1.a Bakers yeast : Maltose ut,1.b,OLD STORY BUT PROMISING FUTURE!,Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii,酿酒酵母布拉氏亚种,1920.,发现,Identification of the active ingredient of a traditional Asian medicine (infusion of lychee hulls) against infant diarrhea : Dr Boulard discovered and isolated a specific yeast strain and named it ,boulardii,.,1962.,治疗人腹泻的药物上市,First form of,boulardii,active yeast recognized and marketed as a probiotic in human medicine. Since then, a huge amount of fundamental research on mode of action and application of,boulardii,in human medicine has been generated.,1993.,欧盟首次批准用于动物,First EU registration of a,S.c.boulardii,(CNCM I-1079 /,LEVUCELL SB,) specific active yeast for use as a gut flora stabilizer in animal nutrition.,1997.,完成分类学鉴定,boulardii,was classified as a variety of,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,. Its genetic similarity and its functional differences are recognized.,Today,广泛使用,LEVUCELL SB,is authorized and marketed in more than 44 countries.,40,1.bOLD STORY BUT PROMISING FUT,Research bibliography booklet :,Selection of 48 references related to S.c.boulardii in swine feeding.,Abstracts in their original version.,1.b,S.c.boulardii,is one of the most documented probiotic strain. The product already has an important scientific background and is still under scope for further documenting new applications and better understanding of its specific mode of action.,LEVUCELL,SB,matches perfectly the trend to develop sustainable, effective and documented solutions for animal production.,Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii,酿酒酵母布拉氏亚种,这页可以去掉,41,Research bibliog,第,1,道防线,:,肠道微生物,强化优势菌群，,如乳酸菌、纤维分解菌等,第,2,道防线,:,肠上皮细胞,小肠通透性、粘膜厚度、抗菌肽分泌,第,3,道防线,:,肠道免疫系统,抗炎性,、,免疫细胞更新,、,白介素分泌,LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,Objective,:,IMPROVEMENT OF GUT FUNCTION AND NATURAL SELF-DEFENSES,改善肠道天然自体防御体系,1.c,LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,作用模式,42,第1道防线: 肠道微生物第2道防线: 肠上皮细胞第3道防线:,1.c,1,st,LINE OF DEFENSE :,REGULATION OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA,第,1,道防线,:,调整肠道微生物菌群,Stimulation of positive microflora,刺激有益菌增殖,Reduced attachment of undesirable bacteria,减少病原菌附着,Oxygen consumption,清除残余氧,Adhesion,粘附作用,Neutralisation,中和作用,LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,Unique mode of action,Neutralisation of microbial toxins (,C,.,difficile, E.coli,.),特异性细菌毒素中和功能,43,1.c1st LINE OF DEFENSE :Stimul,Faster O,2,consumption with LEVUCELL,SB than with the other yeast strains,布拉迪,比其他酵母菌株的耗氧速度更快,LEVUCELL,SB role in the hindgut,Oxygen scavenging in the caecum and the colon.,盲结肠清除残余氧,Better anaerobic conditions.,提高厌氧微环境,Better fermentation rate.,提高发酵速度,More energy released from the same diet shorter time (SCFA energy),相同日粮因发酵产生短链脂肪酸供能而提供更高能值,Oxygen consumption,10 mL of a 0.1% resazurin solution,+990 mL distilled water,+5 g NaHCO3,44,Faster O2 consumption with,1.c,Intestinal morphology,肠道形态学,Tight junctions,Regulation,调节紧密连接,2,nd,LINE OF DEFENSE :,MAINTENANCE OF GOOD INTESTINAL,STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,第二道防线：维持肠道正常结构和功能,Improved villus height,and crypt depth,增加绒毛长度、隐窝深度,Improved barrier function.,维持肠道上皮天然屏障功能,(University of Nottingham 2012,),(University of Milan 2002,),LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,45,1.cIntestinal morphologyTight,Improvement of physical barrier (gut),肠道物理屏障的改善,Control,+LEVUCELLSB,Ut.Gand,绒毛长度,Villi (m),365,399,1,隐窝深度,Crypt (m),245,3,271,5,U.Milan,绒毛长度,Villi (m),194,3,243,隐窝深度,Crypt (m),133,2,177,2,P, 0,05,P, 0,01,P, 0,01,P, 0,05,Control,+Levucell SB,46,Improvement of physical barrie,Tight junction,紧密连接,跨膜蛋白,长度约,50400nm,，,无缝隙；,跨膜结构（紧密连接封闭索）由跨膜蛋白,+,胞质附着蛋白（粘附分子）构成。,主要跨膜蛋白为封闭蛋白,Claudin,和密封蛋白,Occludin,。,ZO,具有封闭和维持,栅栏栅：阻止,2,个不同功能区之间相互弥散形成细胞极性,屏蔽：对分子大小、离子类型、细胞渗透性有选择性，调节胞间小分子运输,跨膜蛋白,紧密连接粘附因子,胞质附着蛋白,ZO,肌球蛋白,肌动蛋白,47,Tight junction 紧密连接跨膜蛋白跨膜蛋白紧密,Piglets fed LEVUCELL,SB show up-regulated genesin the colon,饲喂布拉迪的仔猪呈现结肠上调基因,Watts,et al., unpublished. MCOE,4 / 10related to gut wall function,免疫与神经内分泌,催产素信号,调节肌动蛋白稳定细胞骨架,紧密连接,信号转换,信号转换,细胞骨架构型,48,Piglets fed LEVUCELLSB show u,1.c,3,rd,LINE OF DEFENSE :,ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE PROPERTIES,第三道防线：抗炎性和免疫特性,Less piglets mortality following a LPS endotoxin challenge,脂多糖内毒素攻毒后仔猪死亡率降低,Less inflammation: decreased,serum concentration of IL-1,(pro-inflammatory cytokine),降低炎性反应,减少血清中促炎性白介素浓度,LEVUCELL,SB,:,Mode of Action,Collier et al. 2010.,49,1.c3rd LINE OF DEFENSE :Less,LEVUCELL,SB improves pathogen recognition capacityin weaned piglets,(1 week post weaning),Le Bon et al. unpublished MCOE,p = 0.021,p = 0.005,p = 0.012,More toll-like receptors = beacons recognizing groups of micro-organisms,2009: Nobel Prize for TLR discovery = cutting edge research,ileum,50,LEVUCELLSB improves pathogen,Le Bon et al. unpublished MCOE,p = 0.021,p = 0.005,p = 0.012,More toll-like receptors = beacons recognizing groups of micro-organisms,T,oll,受体蛋白,(TLRs),2009: Nobel Prize for TLR discovery,cutting edge research,T,受体蛋白的发现被授予,2009,年诺贝尔奖,Ileum,回肠,酵母,LPS,抑制助炎因子产生,LEVUCELL,SB improves pathogen recognition capacityin weaned piglets,(1 week post weaning),布拉迪促进断奶仔猪对病原菌的识别,51,Le Bon et al. unpublished MCOE,LEVUCELL,SB fed before (and during) challengepromotes adapted immune response,Less inflammation,降低炎性反应程度,More protective cytokine,更多保护性白介素,Less mortality,降低死亡率,52,LEVUCELLSB fed before (and du,Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea: AAD,抗生素相关性腹泻：,AAD,One of the main consequence of the change of microflora around weaning and especially when Antibiotics are provided,diarrhoea caused by taking Antibiotics,caused by changes in the microflora causing,oppotunistic Clostridium difficile infections (15-25%),机会性艰难梭菌的感染风险高,loss of short-chain fatty acids absorbtion leading to osmotic diarrhoeas, without any specific pathogen isolated!,短链脂肪酸吸收受阻导致渗透性生理性腹泻，与,特异性病原菌无关。,SCFA levels before Lincomycin injection, at diarrhoea initiation and,cessation and a week after 2 groups (control and S.boulardii dogs),p0.001,Antibiotic Associated
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