英美概况(英文版ppt)课件

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,英语国家概况,History,The United States of America,英语国家概况,HistoryThe United Sta,America in the,Colonial Era,I,The War of Independence,II,The Civil War,III,America in the 20th Century,IV,America in the 21st Century,V,CONTENT,America in the Colonial EraITh,America in the,Colonial Era,I,1.2,Boston Tea Party,1.3,The First Continental Congress,1.1,Pilgrim Fathers,America in the Colonial EraI,1.1 Pilgrim Fathers,In 1620, Puritansthe Pilgrim Fathers sailed for Virginia aboard the ship,Mayflower,.,Reason to flee from England:,to avoid the religious persecution,Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.,1.1 Pilgrim FathersIn 16,1.2 Boston Tea Party,The independence of the Massachusetts colonial government was curtailed, and more British soldiers were sent to the Port of Boston.,In 1773, patriots staged the “Boston Tea Party” in response to the tea tax.,British Parliament then passed,The Intolerable Acts,:,They boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.,1.2 Boston Tea PartyThe,1.3 The First Continental Congress,The First Continental CongressSeptember, 1774,A meeting of colonial leaders who opposed British oppression was held in Philadelphia. They urged Americans to disobey,The Intolerable Acts,and to boycott (,抵制,) British trade. At the same time, the colonists began to defend themselves.,1.3 The First Continental Con,The War of Independence,II,2.1 The Shot of Lexington,2.2 The Second Continental Congress,2.3 Declaration of Independence,2.4 Process of the War,2.5 The Establishment of the Constitution,The War of IndependenceII 2.,On April 19, British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord to disarm the American militiamen.,The first shot in the American War of Independence.,2.1 The Shot of Lexington,On April 19, British troops we,2.2 The Second Continental Congress,Held in Philadelphia in May 1775,Assume the functions of a national government,Founding Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington.,Printing paper money and opening diplomaticrelations with foreign,powers.,2.2 The Second Continenta,George Washington, a wealthy Virginia planter,was respected as a man of ability and integrity.,Once a colonel in the French and Indian War;,One of the few Americans with considerable military experience;,Led the continental army to the victory of the Independence War.,George Washington,2.2 The Second Continental Congress,George Washington, a wealthy V,2.3 Declaration of Independence,On July 4, 1776, the,Declaration of Independence,was signed.,Q.What does the,Declaration of Independence,tell us?,A:,It tells of the theory of politics, which latter is central to the Western political tradition:,Men has a natural right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”.,Government can rule only with “the consent of the governed”;,Any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the right of the people.,2.3 Declaration of Independenc,The assistance from France,Benjamin Franklina messenger to Europe to get help from other countries.,The French King made two agreements with Franklin:,1,.France would take part in the war against England.,2,.They agreed to trade with each other.,Spain and Holland joined France against Englanda quick end to the war.,2.4 Process of the War,The assistance from France,In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in Virginia,On October 19, 1781, the British army was forced to surrender, and the war came to an end.,The two parts signed the,Treaty of Paris,in 1783America won its independence,2.4 Process of the War,2.4 Process of the War,The Civil War,III,3.1 Causes of Civil War,3.2 Comparison of Power,3.3,The Fierce War,3.4,Influence of the Civil War,The Civil WarIII,3.1 Causes of Civil War,3.1.1 Economic reason:,two different economic systems,3.1.2 Political reason,The North,Federal Government,as a union,The South,The Confederate Government,: the independence of each state,Q. What was the essential cause of the Civil War?,3.1 Causes of Civil War3,Two different economic systems existed side by side,In the,South,slavery was the foundation,In the,North,commerce and industry led the economy,led to increased conflicts between North and South.,3.1.1 Economic reason,Two different economic systems,Southern Cotton Plantation,Whitneys Cotton Gin,3.1.1 Economic reason,Southern Cotton PlantationWhit,3.2 Comparison of Power,3.2 Comparison of Power,3.3 The Fierce War,On Feb 4,1861, Abraham Lincoln took office,Abraham Lincoln,a young man & lawyer in Illinois,He insisted slavery was evil and should be restricted and ultimately abolished,3.3 The Fierce WarOn Feb 4,186,Challenges Abraham Lincoln faced:,first prioritykeeping the United States one country,freedom for black peoplesecondary objective,3.3 The Fierce War,Challenges Abraham Lincoln fac,On April 14, Lincoln was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth.,3.3 The Fierce War,3.3 The Fierce War,The,Lincoln Memorial, made of marble from Colorado and Tennessee and limestone from Indiana, stands in West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C.,3.3 The Fierce War,The Lincoln Memorial, made of,A.,1) abolished the slave system,2) swept the obstacles to the development of US capitalist production,3.4 Influence of the Civil War,Q. What was the significance of the Civil War?,A. 1) abolished the slave sys,America in the 20th Century,IV,4.1 World War I,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s,4.3,World War II,4.4,Post WWII Years,America in the 20th CenturyIV,Outbreak of the First World War,Inevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers:,AlliesBritain, France, and Russia,The Central European PowersGermany, Austria-Hungary and Italy,The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.,4.1 World War I,Outbreak of the First World W,World War I,World War I,4.1 World War I,Q. Why did America enter World War I?,Germans submarines sank ships going to England injuring American trade.,Germany promised the Mexicans a chance “to regain its lost territory by the war against the US”.,After two years fighting, both sides grew wearya good chance for America to enter the war.,4.1 World War IQ. Why did Amer,4.1 World War I,US entered the war in 1917,An armistice (,停火协议),was concluded in November 1918,4.1 World War IUS entered the,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s,The booming 1920s,private business received substantial encouragement,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940sTh,The Great Depression,In 1929 the stock market crashed,Depression deepened, many lost their life savings,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s,The Great Depression 4.2 Po,People Waiting for,Relief,People Waiting for Relief,World War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945.,Background of the war,The World Spread economic crisis,Germany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion.,Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.,4.3 World War II,4.3 World War II,A sit-on-the-fence policy,do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressors,believe in “glorious isolation”,4.3 World War II,Q. What is Americas foreign policy in the early stage of World War II?,A sit-on-the-fence policy 4.3,On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for Americas entrance into the war.,4.3 World War II,On the morning of December 7,4.3 World War II,4.3 World War II,End of WWII,The US airforce dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8.,On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered.,4.3 World War II,End of WWII4.3 World War II,The Cold War,United Nations in 1945a new and better world would emerge from World War II.,The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US,increased and later led to the Cold War.,4.4 Post WWII Years,The Cold War 4.4 Post WWII Yea,NATO,In 1949, the United Statesin company with 11 other powersentered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).,The Korean War,The US aggressed Korea in June 1950,A ceasefire agreement was signed in the summer of 1953marked the US failure and the end of the war.,4.4 Post WWII Years,Korean War Memorial,NATO The Korean War 4.4 Post W,The Vietnam War,A long-time suffering for the US,Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and Johnson,In 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failure,In 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.,4.4 Post WWII Years,The Vietnam War4.4 Post WWII Y,Table Tennis Foreign Policy,Nixonfirst US president visited Beijing.,The “Shanghai Communiqu”a new US policy:,there was one China;,Taiwan was part of China;,Q. What contributions did Richard Nixon make in promoting the Sino-US relationship?,4.4 Post WWII Years,Table Tennis Foreign PolicyQ.,Richard Nixon & Premier Zhou Enlai,4.4 Post WWII Years,Richard Nixon & Premier Zhou E,America Since 1980s,4.4 Post WWII Years,Bill Clinton,George Herbert Walker Bush,Ronald Reagan,America Since 1980s4.4 Post W,George W. Bush Period,George W. Bush: The 43rd,president of the US elected,in 2000,Since 2003, America has had,the fastest-growing economy,America in 21st century,George W. Bush PeriodAmerica i,The war against terrorism,Terrorist Event on September 11, 2001,Invasion of Iraq,On March 19, 2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops,“Trial of century”,the trial of Saddam began on October, 19, 2005 in Baghdad.,Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.,America in 21st century,The war against terrorismAmeri,The present president- Obama,Obama became the,first African-American,President in 2008 and,Was re-elected in 2012.,The present president- Obama O,