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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/9/14,#,Orthodontic diagnosis:,The development of a Problem List,Operator,:,Zhou Ling,Supervisor:,Prof. Li,Date: 2013.,6.6,1,Company Logo,Orthodontic diagnosis:,1,5,3,4,Development of a Problem List,The Problem-Oriented approach,Clinical Evaluation,Analysis of Diagnostic Records,Orthodontic Classification,Chapter outline,2,2,Company Logo,1534Development of a Problem L,Analysis of Diagnostic Records,Two parts,Cephalometric analysis of dentofacial relationships,Dental cast analysis,to evaluate space excess or deficiency and symmetry within the dental arches,3,Company Logo,Analysis of Diagnostic Records,Symmetry,Space analysis,Estimating of unerupted permanent teeth,Tooth size analysis,Dental cast analysis,4,Company Logo,SymmetryDental cast analysis4,Symmetry,Transparent ruled grid placed over dental cast,Oriented to the midpalatal raphe,Spot asymmetries in arch form , and tooth position,5,Company Logo,Symmetry Transparent ruled gri,Lateral drift of incisors,(Crowding,C,lost 3 blocked out),Symmetry,Drift of posterior teeth,（,Early loss of E),6,Company Logo,Lateral d,Pendulum,7,Company Logo,Pendulum7Company Logo,Symmetry,Space analysis,Estimating of unerupted permanent teeth,Tooth size analysis,Dental cast analysis,8,Company Logo,SymmetryDental cast analysis8,Alignment (Crowding):,Space Analysis,9,Company Logo,Alignment (Crowding): 9Company,Dental cast,Computer algorithm,Space Analysis,10,Company Logo,Dental cast Computer algorith,Measuring arch perimeter from the mesial of one first molar to the other, over the contact points of posterior teeth and incisal edge of anteriors,.,Step one: Calculation of available space,片段法,铜丝法,11,Company Logo,Measuring arch perimeter f,Step two: Calculation of required space,Measure the mesiodistal width of each erupted tooth from contact point to contact point.,12,Company Logo,Step two: Calculation of requi,Space Analysis,13,Company Logo,Space Analysis13Company Logo,01,The space available will not change because of growth.,02,All the teeth are normal in size,03,Correct anteroposterior position of incis,ors,Three assumptions,14,Company Logo,01 02All the teeth ar,Interaction,Protrusion,Retrusion,Crowding,15,Company Logo,InteractionPro,Crowding and protrusion are different aspects of the same phenomenon.,If there is not enough room to properly align the teeth, the result can be crowding, protrusion, or (most likely) some combination of the two.,16,Company Logo,16Company Logo,17,Company Logo,17Company Logo,18,Company Logo,18Company Logo,19,Company Logo,19Company Logo,01,The space available will not change because of growth,.,02,All the teeth are normal in size,03,Correct anteroposterior position of incis,ors,Three assumptions,20,Company Logo,01 02All the teeth are normal,In a child with a well-proportioned face, there is little or no tendency for the dentition to be displaced relative to the jaw during growth.,But the teeth often shift anteriorly or posteriorly in a child with a jaw discrepancy.,21,Company Logo,In a child with a well-propor,22,Company Logo,22Company Logo,01,The space available will not change because of growth,.,02,All the teeth are normal in size,03,Correct anteroposterior position of incis,ors,Three assumptions,23,Company Logo,01 02All the teeth are normal,Symmetry,Space analysis,Estimating of unerupted permanent teeth,Tooth size analysis,Dental cast analysis,24,Company Logo,SymmetryDental cast analysis2,Mix Dentition,Estimating of Unerupted Permanent Teeth,25,Company Logo,Mix,Estimating of Unerupted Permanent Teeth,Radiograghic,Prediction table methods,Combination,26,Company Logo,Estimating of Unerupted Pe,Undistorted radiographic image,Compensate for enlargement,Periapical radiographs,Panoramic radiographs.,Measurement of the teeth on radiographs,27,Company Logo,Undistorted radiographic image,True width of primary molar,Apparent width of primary molar,Measurement of the teeth on radiographs,True width of unerupted Premolar,Apparent width of unerupted premolar,=,28,Company Logo,True width of primary mola,Accuracy is fair to good depending on the quality of the radiographs and their position in the arch.,The technique can be used in maxillary and mandibular arches for all ethnic groups.,Measurement of the teeth on radiographs,29,Company Logo,Accuracy is fair to good depe,Estimating of Unerupted Permanent Teeth,Radiograghic,Prediction table methods,Combination,30,Company Logo,Estimating of Unerupted Pe,Moyers prediction,Estimation from proportionality tables,Measuring the mesiodistal width of the lower incisors,Prediction the size of both the lower and upper unerupted canines and premolars,31,Company Logo,Moyers prediction Estimatio,Estimation from proportionality tables,32,Company Logo,Estimation from proportiona,Northern European white children,No radiographs are required , used for the upper or lower arch.,Estimation from proportionality tables,33,Company Logo,Estimation from proportion,Estimation from proportionality tables,34,Company Logo,Estimation from proportiona,Estimating of Unerupted Permanent Teeth,Radiograghic,Prediction table methods,Combination,35,Company Logo,Estimating of Unerupted Pe,Combination of radiographic and prediction table,It depends!,36,Company Logo,Combination of radiographic an,Comparison,1,Radiograghic,2,Most practical,Northern European,white children,No radiograghs,No reference table,3,Moyers,Takana & Johnston,Northern European white children,No radiographs,Depending on the quality of the radiographs and their position in the arch,For all ethnic groups,.,37,Company Logo,Comparison1Radiograghic23Moyer,Symmetry,Space analysis,Estimating of unerupted permanent teeth,Tooth size analysis,Dental cast analysis,38,Company Logo,SymmetryDental cast analysis3,Although the natural teeth match very well in most individuals, approximately,5%,of the population have some degree of disproportion among the sizes of individual teeth. - Tooth Size Discrepancy(TSD),Tooth Size Analysis,39,Company Logo,Although the natural teeth ma,Tooth Size Analysis,40,Company Logo,Tooth Size Analysis40Company L,Bolton Ratio,Tooth Size Analysis,(78.8 1.72)%,(91.5 1.51)%,41,Company Logo,Bolton RatioTooth Size Analysi,A quick check for,.,Anterior tooth size discrepancy :,2, 2,Posterior tooth size discrepancy,：,5,= 5,A tooth size discrepancy of less than 1.5mm is rarely significant.,Tooth Size Analysis,42,Company Logo,Tooth Size Analysis42C,Symmetry,Space analysis,Estimating of unerupted permanent teeth,Tooth size analysis,Dental cast analysis,43,Company Logo,SymmetryDental cast analysis4,Analysis of Diagnostic Records,Two parts,Cephalometric analysis of dentofacial relationships,Dental cast analysis,to evaluate space excess or deficiency and symmetry within the dental arches,44,Company Logo,Analysis of Diagnostic Records,The introduction of radiographic cephalometrics is in 1934 by Hofrath in Germany and Broadbent in USA.,Cephalometric analysis,45,Company Logo,The introduction of radiogra,Function,Original purpose,Evaluating dentofacial proportions and clarify the anatomic basis for a malocclusion,Observing pathologic changes (Sometimes),Researching on growth patterns in the craniofacial complex.,46,Company Logo,Function Original purpose 46,This patient has fusion of the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae ,with the odontoid process extending into the margin of foramen.,Function,47,Company Logo,This patient has fusion of the,Function,Original purpose,Evaluating dentofacial proportions and clarify the anatomic basis for a malocclusion,Observing pathologic changes (Sometimes),Recognizing and evaluating changes brought about by orthodontic treatment.,Researching on growth patterns in the craniofacial complex.,48,Company Logo,Function Original purpose 48,Function,49,Company Logo,Function 49Company Logo,The goal of cephalometric analysis is to evaluate the relationships, both horizontally and vertically, of the,five major functional components of the face .,Cephalometric analysis,50,Company Logo,The goal of cephalometric a,Cephalometric analysis,51,Company Logo,Cephalometric analysis51Compan,Cranial Base,S,，,N,，,Po,，,Ba, Bo,Maxilla,Or,，,Ptm,，,ANS,，,PNS,，,A,，,UI,Mandibular,Co,，,Go,，,B,，,LI,，,Pog,，,Me,，,Gn,Cephalometric Landmarks,52,Company Logo,Cranial BaseCephalometric Land,S.sella,N.nasion,Po.porion,Ba.basion,Bo,S,N,Po,Ba,Bo,Cephalometric Landmarks,53,Company Logo,SNPoBaBoCephalometric Landmark,Or. orbitale,Ptm.,ANS.,Anterior nasal spine,PNS,Posterior nasal spine,A. subspinale,UI. Upper Incisor,Or,ANS,UI,A,Ptm,PNS,Cephalometric Landmarks,54,Company Logo,Or. orbitale OrANSUIAPtmPNSC,Co. condylion,Go. gonion,Pog. pogonion,Me. menton,Gn. gnathion,B.supramental,LI. lower incisor,Co,Go,B,LI,Pog/,Gn,/,Me,Cephalometric Landmarks,55,Company Logo,Co. condylionCoGoBLIPog/Gn/Me,56,Company Logo,56Company Logo,Two methods,Contemporary measurement approach,Cephalometric analysis via direct comparison with reference template,Cephalometric analysis,57,Company Logo,Two methodsContemporary measur,Contemporary measurement approach,Choice of a Horizontal (Cranial) Reference Line.,Steiner Analysis,Sassouni Analysis,Wits Analysis,58,Company Logo,Contemporary measurement appro,Choice of a Horizontal Reference Line,An international congress was held in Frankfort, Germany in 1882.,with the choice of a horizontal reference line for orientation of skulls,59,Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal Referen,“Machine porion :,The upper surface of the ear rod of the cephalometric, Anatomic porion”:,The upper surface of the shadow of the auditory canal .,Choice of a Horizontal Reference Line,60,Company Logo,“Machine porion :Choice of a,61,Company Logo,61Company Logo,NHP (natural head position):,Relaxed individuals look at a distant obiect or into their ow,n,eyes in a mirror and incline their heads up and down in increasingly smaller movements until they feel comfortably positioned.,Choice of a Horizontal Reference Line,62,Company Logo,NHP (natural head position): C,Choice of a Horizontal (Cranial) Reference Line.,Steiner Analysis,Sassouni Analysis,Wits Analysis,Contemporary measurement approach,63,Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal (Crania,Steiner Analysis,SNA : Maxilla to the cranial base,82 2 ,SNB,：,Mandible to the CB,78 2,ANB: skeletal jaw discrepancy,.,SN-MP( mandiblar plane):,Vertical position of the mandible.,64,Company Logo,Steiner Analysis SNA : Maxilla,ANB angle is influenced by two factors :,Vertical height of the face.,Anteroposterior position of nasion.,Steiner Analysis,65,Company Logo,ANB angle is influenced by two,66,Company Logo,66Company Logo,Steiner Analysis,U1-NA （mm ),U1-NA ,L1- NB（mm),L1-NB,67,Company Logo,Steiner Analysis U1-NA （mm )6,Holdaway Ratio:,The balance between the prominence of the chin and the prominence of the lower incisor : the more prominent the chin, the more prominent the incisor can be,。,Steiner Analysis,68,Company Logo,Holdaway Ratio:,Steiner Analysis,69,Company Logo,Steiner Analysis69Company Logo,70,Company Logo,70Company Logo,Steiner Analysis,71,Company Logo,Steiner Analysis71Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal (Cranial) Reference Line.,Steiner Analysis,Sassouni Analysis,Wits Analysis,Contemporary measurement approach,72,Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal (Crania,skeletal open bite,SN FH PP OP MP,Sassouni Analysis,73,Company Logo,skeletal open bite SN FH PP,74,Company Logo,74Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal (Cranial) Reference Line.,Steiner Analysis,Sassouni Analysis,Wits Analysis,Contemporary measurement approach,75,Company Logo,Choice of a Horizontal (Crania,Wits Analysis,Wits analysis,（,overcome the limitations of ANB as an indicator of jaw discrepancy),It is based on a projection of points A and B to the occlusal plane, along which the linear difference between these points is measured.,76,Company Logo,Wits Analysis Wits analysi,occlusal plane,（,OP,）,77,Company Logo,occlusal plane （OP）77Company,Female: 0,Male: -1,78,Company Logo,Female: 078Company Logo,79,Company Logo,79Company Logo,First step : pick the correct template from the set of age-different ones that represent the reference data.,Two things must be kept in mind:,(1) the,patients physical size,(2) his or her,developmental age,Template Analysis,80,Company Logo,First step : pick the correc,S,equence of superimposition,Cranial base superimposition,Maximum contour of the maxilla,Symphysis of the,mandible,81,Company Logo,Sequence of superimpositionCra,Cranial base superimposition,82,Company Logo,Cranial base superimposition8,Maximum contour of the maxilla,83,Company Logo,Maximum contour of the maxill,Symphysis of the mandible,84,Company Logo,Symphysis of the mandible84Co,经常,不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有,力量,Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will,Be,写,在最后,经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量写,感谢聆听,不足之处请大家批评指导,Please Criticize And Guide The,Shortcomings,结束语,讲师,：,XXXXXX,XX,年,XX,月,XX,日,感谢聆听结束语讲师：XXXXXX,
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