白内障病人护理 ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二层,第三层,第四层,第五层,*,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二层,第三层,第四层,第五层,*,.,*,晶状体在眼球内的位置,(Position of Lens in the Eye),1,.,2024/8/24,晶状体在眼球内的位置,2,.,2024/8/24,2.2023/8/31,广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体,(lens),出现浑浊都可称为白内障。,Disease Description,3,.,2024/8/24,Disease Description 3.2023/8/3,白内障国情,(,National Conditions,）,1.6000,万,( sixty million),白内障患者,2.100,万,(one million),白内障患者应施行手术,3.,每年新增患者,40,万,(,four hundred thousand,),4.,人口老龄化，患者逐年增加，白内障治疗、,护理任务项繁重,(A,burdensome,task),4,.,2024/8/24,4.2023/8/31,白内障临床分类,(,Classification of Clinic,),5,.,2024/8/24,白内障临床分类,一：,Senile Cataract,si:nail,年龄相关性白内障,(,age-related cataract,）,6,.,2024/8/24,一：Senile Cataract,二：,Traumatic Cataract,tr:mtik,外伤性白内障,:,眼球穿孔伤、钝挫伤,7,.,2024/8/24,二： Traumatic Cataract,三：,Metabolic Cataract ,metblik,代谢性白内障：糖尿病，甲状腺疾病,8,.,2024/8/24,8.2023/8/31,四,：,Congenital Cataract kndenitl,先天性白内障,9,.,2024/8/24,四：Congenital Cataract k,五：,Medicamentous Cataract,药物性中毒性白内障：长期使用“类固醇”药物,六：,Radiated Cataract,reidieitid,辐射性白内障：因放射线所致,10,.,2024/8/24,五： Medicamentous Cataract10.20,老年性白内障,Senile Cataract,11,.,2024/8/24,老年性白内障 Senile Catara,1.,年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于,40,45,以后,2.,主要病因,:,氧化损害,(Oxidative Damage) ksideitiv,3.,临床表现,:,眼前阴影和渐进性、无痛性视力减退,(Visual Deterioration) di,tirirein,12,.,2024/8/24,1.年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于40,Nursing Assessment,(,一,)Health History,1.,年龄,(Age),2.,外伤,(Trauma),3.,营养,(Nutrition),4.,遗传,(Heredity) hirediti,5.,代谢,(Metabolize) mtblaiz,6.,全身病,(General Disease),13,.,2024/8/24,Nursing Assessment (一)H,身体状况,(Physical Condition),1.,症状,(Symptom),渐进性视力下降,(Gradual Visual Deterioration,）,di,tirirein,14,.,2024/8/24,身体状况 (Physical C,皮质性白内障,Clinical Stages,初期,(,Initial Stage,),1,、无视力下降（对视力无影响）,2,、皮质内出现空泡，水裂和板层分离，,从周边逐渐向中央扩大，呈“羽毛状”或,楔形浑浊,3,、此期发展缓慢，可经数年,15,.,2024/8/24,皮质性白内障Clinical Stages,16,.,2024/8/24,16.2023/8/31,膨胀,期,(Dilatational Stage),1.,视力下降,2.,晶体呈不均匀浑浊,3.,晶体体积变大，将虹膜向前推移,4.,前房变浅,5.,诱发急性闭角型青光眼,AACG:,（,Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma),17,.,2024/8/24,17.2023/8/31,18,.,2024/8/24,18.2023/8/31,三期：成熟期,(Maturity Stage),mtjuriti,1.,视力下降至眼前手动,/,光感,2.,晶体灰白色均匀浑浊,3.,虹膜投影消失,4.,眼底不能窥入,19,.,2024/8/24,19.2023/8/31,20,.,2024/8/24,20.2023/8/31,四期：过熟期,(Overripe Stage) uvraip,1.,视力突然提高,(,晶体皮质液化,外溢,核下沉,）,2.,前房加深,3,.,虹膜震颤,4.,浑浊晶体纤维分解液化，呈乳白色,5.,棕黄色晶体核下沉于囊袋下方,6.,诱发晶体溶解性青光眼,21,.,2024/8/24,21.2023/8/31,22,.,2024/8/24,22.2023/8/31,Physical Sign,白瞳症,(White Pupil),是最明显的体征,23,.,2024/8/24,Physical Sig,Nursing Diagnosis,1.,感知改变,(Perceptual Alteration),2.,自理缺陷,(Self Care Deficit),3.,受伤危险,(Risk for Injury),4.,知识缺乏,(Knowledge Deficit),5.,潜在并发症,(Potential Complications),24,.,2024/8/24,Nursing Diagnosis 1.感知改变(Perc,Nursing Goals,1.,病人视力提高,2.,自理恢复,3.,避免受伤,4.,熟悉相关知识,5.,避免并发症,25,.,2024/8/24,Nursing Goals 1.病人视,Nursing Interventions,一般护理,(Ordinary Providence),1.,病房介绍,(Ward,Introduction),2.,饮食指导,(,D,iet,Guidance),26,.,2024/8/24,Nursing Interventions,治疗配合,一：药物护理,(1),维生素类,VitC, VitB2,(2),滴眼液,:,白内停,谷胱甘肽,卡他灵,二：手术治疗,27,.,2024/8/24,治疗配合 一：药物护理27.2023/,28,.,2024/8/24,28.2023/8/31,手术前准备,1.,抗生素眼液 术前,3,天,2.,镇静剂,3.,冲洗结膜囊,4.,冲洗泪道,5.,降眼压,Intraocular Pressure ,intrkjul,6.,散瞳孔,29,.,2024/8/24,手术前准备1.抗生素眼液 术前3天29.2023/8/3,30,.,2024/8/24,30.2023/8/31,31,.,2024/8/24,31.2023/8/31,32,.,2024/8/24,32.2023/8/31,术后护理,一：“四位” 一体,(Four Positions),1.,体位,(Body),2.,头位,(Head),3.,口位,(Mouth),4.,手位,(Hand),白内障,超声,乳化,+,人工,晶体,植入,术，绝对安静,仰卧位,2,3,天有前房,出血时,，宜取半卧位，防,止血,液流入,玻璃,体内。,二：预防感染,(Infection Prevention),氧氟沙星滴眼液,三：定期复查,(Regularl Countercheck),one week, one month,，,six months,33,.,2024/8/24,术后护理一：“四位” 一体 (Four Positions),二：预防感染(Infection Prevention),氧氟沙星滴眼液,三：定期复查 一周, 一个月，六个月,34,.,2024/8/24,二：预防感染(Infection Prevention) 3,先天性白内障,病因,：,有内源性和外源性两种，内源性与染色体基因有关，有遗传性。外源性是指母体孕期及胚胎发育期异常患病（妊娠三个月内患病毒性感染、甲状腺机能不足、营养不良、维生素缺乏等）对晶体造成的损害。,35,.,先天性白内障病因：有内源性和外源性两种，内源性与染色体基,