葡萄酒经典培训教材

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Wine Training Program,葡萄酒培训纲要,2008年8月1日,深圳市怡亚通名庄供应链管理有限公司,Index 目录,1. History of Wine 葡萄酒历史,2. Definition of Wine 葡萄酒定义,3. Components of Wine 葡萄酒成分,4. Wine Varieties 葡萄酒种类,5. The Making of wines 葡萄酒酿造工艺,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,7. Major Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产国,8. Decoding Wine Labels 解读酒标信息,9. Wine List 葡萄酒单,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,1. History of Wine 葡萄酒历史,关于葡萄酒的起源，众说纷纭，有的说，起源于古埃及，或古希腊，抑或希腊克里特岛。而据现有的葡萄酒档案资料来研究分析，确切地说，应是一万年前我们共同的祖先酿造了葡萄酒，从而随着葡萄酒文化流传到今天。,据史料表明，葡萄栽培和酿造技术，是随着旅行者和新的疆土征服者，从小亚细亚（,Asia Minor,）和埃及，在到达希腊及其诸海岛之前，先流传到希腊的克里特岛，再经意大利的西西里岛，北非的利比亚和意大利，从海上到达法国濒临地中海东南的瓦尔省（,Var,）境内靠海的普罗旺斯地区和西班牙沿海地区；与此同时，通过陆路，由欧洲的多瑙河河谷进入中欧诸国。,此后，公元,15,世纪，哥伦布发现了新大陆，开启了人类划时代的文明文化传播的篇章，葡萄种植、葡萄酒酿造以及葡萄酒贸易也先后在这些“新世界”国家里发展并壮大。,不管说法如何，我们的祖先，在上述最早的发源地，在生活和劳动中，偶然发现了在大自然中早已生长着的野生葡萄，从而酿造出最原始的饮料，日后称之为葡萄酒。人类随着火的发现和应用，而进入捕鱼、狩猎、家畜饲养和农业的时代。在此漫长的岁月中，谷物种子和葡萄苗木或葡萄蔓藤一起流传于世，为人类的生存和发展，作出了巨大的贡献。,1. History of Wine 葡萄酒历史,古埃及,公元前2500,古希腊,公元前1600年,古罗马帝国,公元前1000年,法国高卢,西班牙,德国,奥地利,公元前400年至公元100年,南非,墨西哥,阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚,新西兰,1788-1819,中亚里海,美索布达米亚,公元前5000,公元1400-1600年,1. History of Wine 葡萄酒历史,B. Definition of Wine 葡萄酒定义,Ripe & Healthy,Grapes,成熟健康的,葡萄,Crush the berries, release the juice and add,Yeast,to the must.,压榨浆果, 使果汁流出并把,酵母,加入混合物,Fermentation converts,Sugar,into alcohol,发酵把,糖份,转化为酒精,WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE,葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,2. Definition of Wine 葡萄酒定义,3. Components of Wine 葡萄酒的成分,水 70-90%,酒精7-16%(V/V),糖和甘油,酸-葡萄浆果本身的酸：,酒石酸、苹果酸和微量柠檬酸；,-发酵产生的酸：,乳酸、琥珀酸和醋酸等,丹宁和色素 1-5g/L,酯类、高级酯、脂肪酸、芳香物质,多种矿物质(包括微量元素),微量的二氧化碳、三氧化硫,多种维生素(VB1、VB2、VB6、VB12、Vc、 Vh、Vp等),各种氨基酸,Cava,加瓦,Port / Sherry,钵酒/雪利酒,Red 红葡萄酒,White 白葡萄酒,Rose 桃红葡萄酒,STILL WINE,静态葡萄酒,FORTIFIED WINE,加强葡萄酒,SPARKLING WINE,气泡葡萄酒,Champagne,香槟,Other Sparkling wines,其他气泡酒,4. Wine Varieties 葡萄酒种类,（By wine making process 按工艺分）,4. Wine Varieties 葡萄酒种类,（ By service sequence按用餐顺序分）,Sugar 糖,Alcohol酒精,Low 低,High 高,Low 低,High 高,Beginning of the meal 餐前,End of the meal 餐后,Aperitif,（Dry sherry/Champagne/Light dry White）,餐前开胃酒 （干性雪利/香槟/清淡干白葡萄酒）,Table Wine,( Red, White, Rose ),佐餐酒 （红/白/玫瑰红）,Dessert Wine,( Botrytis, Ice wine, Port,Late Harvest),甜酒 （贵腐甜白，冰酒，钵酒，迟采半甜）,Digestive,( Brandy,Liquors, Grappa ),消化酒 （白兰地，利口酒，果渣酒),5. The Making of Wines 葡萄酒酿造工艺,破皮,去梗,榨汁,发酵,压榨,橡木桶陈酿熟化,沉静,澄清,过滤,装瓶,8,000 grape varieties known in the world,世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种,1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world,世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒,200 traditionally used in Italy,意大利大约使用200种葡萄,100 traditionally used in France,法国大约使用100种葡萄,50 traditionally used in Spain,西班牙大约使用50种葡萄,Grape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine,不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,White varietals 白葡萄品种,Chardonnay/莎当妮,Sauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁,Riesling/雷司令,Gewuztraminer /格乌兹塔米内,Pinot Grigio/灰皮诺,Viognier/维奥妮,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Native to Burgundy,源于法国的勃根第地区,Versatile and complex,复杂多变,Good ageing potential,很好的储藏潜力,Apple, Citrus, Pineapple,苹果、柑橘、菠萝味,Tropical fruit,热带水果味,Chardonnay莎当妮,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Bordeaux, central Loire, New Zealand,波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部， 新西兰,Crisp acidity,易碎，偏酸,Dry and aromatic,干性，芬芳,Fruity and grassy,果香浓郁有青草味,Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,A German variety，grown in Alsace,South Australia, Washington State etc,德国葡萄品种, 在阿尔萨斯， 南澳洲，,及华盛顿州都有种植,Versatile (dry, tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine),变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）,Effusive fruit aromas,既丰富的水果味,Apple, Citrus, Peach,苹果，柑橘，桃子,Lime, Honey, Toast,石灰，蜂蜜，吐司,Riesling雷司令,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Alsace, Germany, Austria,阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利,Structured, generous,层次分明，特征丰富鲜明,Lychee, rose spices, Clove spice notes,荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味,Tropical Fruit & Cinnamon,热带水果味 & 肉桂味,Gewurztraminer,格乌兹塔米内,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Popular in Northern Italy,盛产于意大利北部,Fruili and Veneto,菲乌里,威尔尼托,Fresh and Aromatic,新鲜，芬芳,Light color,颜色偏淡,Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Northern Rhone, also in USA and Australia,北罗纳谷， 在美国，澳洲都有种植,Condrieu, Chateau Grillet,孔德里欧、歌瑞莱特古堡,Peach flavor,桃子香,Very low acidity,酸度极低,Viognier维奥妮,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Red varietals 红葡萄品种,Cabernet Sauvignon/卡本尼苏维翁,Merlot/梅洛,Shiraz (Syrah)/设拉子,Pinot Noir/黑皮诺,Sangiovese/桑吉奥维谢,Nebbiolo /内比奥罗,Zinfandel/仙芬黛,Tempranillo/泰普妮洛,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,A classic Bordeaux grape,传统波尔多葡萄品种,Full-bodied, tannic,酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富,Very complex, long evolution,口味丰富， 陈年长,Blackcurrant, violet,黑加仑，紫罗兰,Cabernet Sauvignon,卡本尼苏维翁,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,A traditional Bordeaux grape,传统波尔多葡萄品种,Supple and round,口感柔顺，饱满,Black and red cherry,黑色及红色樱桃,Chocolate,巧克力,Merlot梅洛,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,King of Burgundy,勃根蒂之王,Cherry, raspberry,樱桃、覆盆子,Spice notes,稍带辛辣,Earthy complexities,泥土气息,A silky texture, little tannins,丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,Pinot Noir黑皮诺,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,From Rhone Region, France; Popular in Australia,来自法国罗纳谷地区; 盛行于澳洲,Rich black and red berry fruit, plum,丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味,Game and spice complexity,丰富的野味及辛辣味,More intense and earthy than Zinfandel,比仙芬黛更紧凑、泥土气息更重。,Shiraz 设拉子,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Italys most common grape,意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种,Grape for Chianti and,用于酿制基昂蒂和,Brunello di Montalcino,蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺,Lightly fragrant wines,酒香清淡,A distinct bitter cherry taste,独特的苦莓味,Tight tannins,强烈的丹,宁味,Sangiovese,桑吉奥维谢,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Piedmont grape,意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种,Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco,酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒,Tannic, acidic and austere.,丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉,Complex, full-bodied,酒体饱满，口味丰富,Better after more than 4 years aging,最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo内比奥罗,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,Mostly grown in California,加州独特的葡萄品种,Deeply concentrated berry fruit,浓缩的浆果味,Jammy,果酱味,Intriguing spice notes,独特香辣,A big finish,回味极佳,Zinfandel仙芬黛,6. Most Common Wine Varietals 主要葡萄品种,The fine Spanish variety,很好的西班牙葡萄品种,Rioja, Valdepenas,里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，,Elegant and aromatic,优雅，芬芳,Tempranillo/泰普妮洛,7. Major Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产国,New World 新世界,-,USA 美国,- Canada 加拿大,- Chile 智利,- Argentina 阿根廷,- Australia 澳大利亚,- New Zealand 新西兰,- South Africa 南非,- China 中国,Old World 旧世界,-,France 法国,- Italy 意大利,- Spain 西班牙,- Germany 德国,- Portugal 葡萄牙,- Greece 希腊,- Hungary 匈牙利,- Lebanon 黎巴嫩,- Moldovia 摩尔多万,7. Major Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产国,旧世界的葡萄酒多为私家庄园，产量通常不大，而新世界有一些葡萄酒大企业的出现,旧世界的酿造工艺多为传统型，而世界不断发明新的酿造工艺如不锈钢罐和旋转瓶盖等,成本和价格上类似的葡萄酒旧世界要相对贵一些,旧世界常用人工采摘、橡木桶陈酿，注重典雅，有严格的产区之分和分管制度。新世界注重规模生产、降低成本，讲究果香味。,旧世界葡萄酒的酒标强调产地，新世界葡萄酒强调葡萄酒品种。,新旧世界葡萄酒的区别,8. Decoding Wine Labels 解读酒标信息,Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Winery 酒庄名,Vintage年份,Alcohol Level酒精含量,Net Volume 净含量,(Name of Wine)酒名,New World 新世界,Grape Variety,葡萄品种,Old World 旧世界,Appellation产地,Classification等级,8. Decoding Wine Labels 解读酒标信息,Name of Wine,酒名,Appellation,产地,Vintage,年份,Classification,等级,Old World Wine Label Example 旧世界酒标样板,Bottled in Chateau,酒庄装瓶,Net Volume,净含量,Alcohol Volume,酒精度,Producer,厂商,8. Decoding Wine Labels 解读酒标信息,Old World Wine Countries Classification System 旧世界等级划分,France 法国,Appellation System 等级制度,特级法定产区酒,法定产区酒,地区餐酒,普通餐酒,Italy 意大利,Appellation System 等级制度,8. Decoding Wine Labels 解读酒标信息,Name of Wine,酒名,Appellation,产地,Vintage,年份,New World Wine Label Example 新世界酒标样板,Net Volume,净含量,Alcohol Volume,酒精度,Producer,厂商,Grape Varietal,葡萄品种,9. Wine List 葡萄酒单,Wine list by region,根据产区的分类,Wine list by varieties,根据葡萄品种分类,Wine list by intensity of taste,根据葡萄酒的口感强度分类,Others,其他,9. Wine List 葡萄酒单,Wine list by region,根据产区的分类,9. Wine List 葡萄酒单,Wine list by Grape Varietal,根据葡萄品种的分类,9. Wine List 葡萄酒单,Wine list by intensity of taste,根据葡萄酒的口感强度分类,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单,Take the order without hesitation 确认订单,The client asks for recommendations客户要求推荐,Recommendations offered 建议,The client may doubt reinforce,客户也许置疑加强你的推荐,Presenting wines 展示葡萄酒,Open the wine bottle 葡萄酒开瓶,Client tastes the wine 客人品尝葡萄酒,Wine rejections 拒绝葡萄酒,Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序,Glass refill and reorder 葡萄酒续杯和加酒,Basic Service Sequence 葡萄酒服务基本流程,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单,Simply ask who is going to order the wine,简单询问哪位客人会点酒,The wine order is taken right after the order of the dishes,点餐完毕后点酒,The client can :,-either make his wine order without hesitation,客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒,-or the client may ask for a recommendation,或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Take the order without hesitation,确认订单,Listen to the client carefully,仔细聆听客人的需求,Reformulate clearly his choice,再清楚无误的重复他的选择,You may congratulate him/her on the choice, especially in front of their guests,你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前,Never contradict him, respect his tastes,不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味,Never criticize a wine,绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,The client asks for recommendations,客户要求推荐,Listen pro-actively and gather information,仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息,Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget.,根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒,Pay attention to the circumstances & season,注意环境和季节的变化,Offer one or two recommendations, no more. Do not read the wine list！,只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单,Justify your choice briefly with a few words,简短的介绍一下你的推荐,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示,( European clients 欧洲客人 ),Traditional drinkers,经常饮用葡萄酒的客人,Promote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地,Region and appellation 产地,Vintage 年份,New,drinkers 刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人,Promote the grape variety,强调葡萄品种的不同,Grape variety,葡萄品种,Origin,产地,( Southern hemisphere + USA clients,南半球美国客人 ),10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,What if the Client is in Doubt?当客户犹豫不决时该如何做,Show him that you fully understood his request,说明你完全理解他的需要,Perhaps recommend him another wine,或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒,Most of the time, the client needs to be reassured,大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择,“To do so, tell him a few words about the vineyards, winemaker, recent wine tasting”,接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Presenting Wines展示葡萄酒,Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered,站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标,Never hold the bottle by the neck,绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈,Do not shake the bottle. Be gentle.,不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。,Red wine should be served at room temperature,红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝,White,Rose,and Sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring,白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Wine Service Temperatures and Accessories,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Always open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label,当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标,Do not turn your back to your customer,不要背对你的客人,Cut the foil below the neck with opener. Do not pierce the cork,用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞,Bend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise,拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音,Present the cork upon successful removal from the bottle. Do not leave the,Capsule,on the table,顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上,Open the Wine Bottle葡萄酒开瓶,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Give the client a taste of the wine让客人品酒,Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine,请点酒的那位客人先试酒,Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest,倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人,Ensure approval is given before you go on pouring,点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Wine Rejections拒绝,Corkiness: If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard, then the wine is corked,被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染,Oxidation: Sometimes the wine can be oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to air,过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序,From the right hand side, pour the wine for ladies first, clockwise from the host, then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner,站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向,The person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass,最后才将主人的酒杯加满,Twist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour,侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶,10. Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,Glass Refill and Reorder续杯和加酒,Glass refill 续杯,Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill,你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令,Recommend 2,nd,bottle or a new wine,加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒,Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left,当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒,The End,感谢各位！,