小学英语语法完美版课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小学英语语法,Tina,DOC,1,小学英语语法1,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）,二、人称代词,三、冠词,四、动词,五、介词,六、数词,七、形容词和副词,八、,there be,结构,九、句式,1.,肯定句,2.,否定句,3.,疑问句,4.,祈使句,十、时态：,1.,一般现在时,2.,一般过去时,3.,现在进行时,4.,一般将来时,十一、,“,wh,”,的特殊疑问句,2,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）八、there be结构2,一、名词,名词,具体名词,抽象名词,普通名词,专有名词,个体名词,集体名词,名词,可数名词,不可数名词,单数,复数,3,一、名词名词具体名词抽象名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词,英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：,1,）单数（表示一个人或事物）；,2,）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。,名词的数：,4,英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）,名词复数形式的构成,形式,变化规则,发音,例词,一般情况,+,s,1.,清辅音结尾的名词后,s,2.,浊辅音结尾的名词后,z,；,3.,元音结尾的名词后,z;,books, cups, cats,dogs, birds, arms,days, players,以,-s,-sh, -ch, -x, -z,结尾的名词,+es,iz,bus, brush, boxes, watch,大多数以,-o,结尾的名词,+es,z,tomatoes, potatoes,以元音字母加,o,结尾的名词,+,s,z,radios, pianos,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的名词,把,y,改成,i,再加,es,z,stories, families, babies,以,f,和,fe,结尾的大多数名词,把,f,或,fe,改成,v,再加,es,z,thieves, knives,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成：,man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women,2.,有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：,sheep, deer, fish(,但也可以是,fishes),有些名词变成复数时加,-en:,child-children, ox-oxen,5,名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1. 清辅,Practise,peach_ 2. zoo _,3. glass _4. fox _,5. lady _6. policewoman _,7. house _8. photo _,9. monkey _10. wife _,11. rose _12. path _,13. judge _14. map _,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,6,Practisepeach_,二、人称代词,主格：,I we you she he it they,宾格：,me us you her him it them,形容词性,物主代词：,my our your her his its their,名词性,物主代词：,mine ours yours hers his its theirs,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,后跟名词,能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语,7,二、人称代词主格： I we you,Practise,_(,他,) is my brother.,2. I had a letter from _ (,她,).,3. It,s all right; it,s only _(,我,).,4. Today _(,我们,) went in _(,我们的,) car; tomorrow _(,我们,) are going in _(,他们的,).,5. _(,我,) lend _(,我的,) books gladly to _ (,我的,) friends and to _(,你的,).,6. Can you help _(,我,) with _(,我的,) English.,7. When _(,你,) go to see _(,你的,) father, please take these books to _(,他,).,8. _(,他们,) found _(,它,) difficult to learn German.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,8,Practise_(他) is my broth,所有格,所有格的形式,单数人称名词末尾加,schild-child,s,以,-s,结尾的单数人称名词末尾加,swaitress-waitress,s,不规则的复数人称名词末尾加,schildren-children,s,以,-s,结尾的复数人称名词末尾加,girls-girls,以,-s,结尾的一些人名末尾加,sJames-James,s,下列情况一般用,“,of,”,结构：,东西,(,没有现成的复合名词时,): the book of the film,2.,东西的一部分,: the bottom of the box,3.,抽象的概念,: the price of success,4.,当,of,短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：,Can,t you look at the book of the boy behind you?,双重,s,结构也可以用于,“,of,”,结构之后，如：,a friend of,my father,s ,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：,this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers,等等。,Isn,t Frank a friend of yours?,That silly uncle of Tom,s has told me the same,Joke five times.,9,所有格所有格的形式下列情况一般用 “of”结构：双重 ,冠词,不定冠词,a,an,定冠词,the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词,复数可数名词,不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,10,冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数,不定冠词的用法：,表示,“,一,”,，,“,任何一个,”,或,“,不管哪一个,”,的意思。,I have a sister and two brothers.,2.,在某些度量表示法中：,We have PE lessons three times a week.,3.,用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。,George wants to be an engineer.,4.,在以,what,引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。,What a pretty girl!,5.,一些常用短语中。,have a good time, half an hour, have a headache,.,11,不定冠词的用法：11,定冠词的用法：,用来表示,“,独一无二,”,的意思。,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2.,表示,“,说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物,”,。,There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.,3.,用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。,the letter from America, the fourteenth of April,4.,用在泛指的乐器名词前。,He plays the piano.,5.,一些常用短语。,by the way, in the morning, What,s the matter?,12,定冠词的用法：12,零冠词的用法：,泛指的抽象名词前。,Life is very hard for some people.,2.,泛指的物质名词前。,Water is very useful.,3.,泛指的复数名词前。,Books are my best friends.,4.,泛指的,“,餐,”,名前。,Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.,5.,大多数的专有名词前。,He comes from France.,6.,语言的名词前。,She can speak French.,7.,在季节和节日的名词前。,Winter is the best time for skating.,8.,当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。,My brother is a soldier.,9.,在体育项目的名词前。,play basketball,10.,一些常用短语。,at home, go to school, at night,13,零冠词的用法：13,1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary.,2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it is sweet.,3. Wangs mother is _English teacher. She teaches in _ primary school.,4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history.,5. China has _ population of 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people.,6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman.,7. None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.,8. _Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.,9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle School. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.,10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.,11. _ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.,12. Have you had _dinner?,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,The,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,The,/,/,14,1. There is _notebook on m,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、,be,动词、情态动词,can,等。,15,四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态,Be,动词,am, is, are,was, were,been,16,Be动词am, is, arewas, werebeen16,Practise,1. He _ very good at English.,2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month.,3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday?,4. Mr. King _ in London two weeks ago.,5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.,6. What _ the date yesterday?,7. Look! A little girl _ flying a kite.,8. Who _ not at school last Monday?,9. Have you ever _ to Japan?,10. I _ not a nurse. I work as a doctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,17,Practise1. He _ very go,动词的基本形式,原形,第三人称单数现在式,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,study,studies,studied,studied,studying,do,does,did,done,doing,have,has,had,had,having,learn,learns,learned/learnt,learned/learnt,learning,18,动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词s,第三人称单数现在式,情况,变化规则,例词,一般情况,+s,works, learns, eats, needs, says,结尾为,s,x,sh,ch,o,+es,passes, washes, teaches, goes, fixes,结尾为辅音字母,+y,变,y,为,i+es,carries, studies, flies, hurries, cries,动词,be,和,have,的第三人称单数现在式分别是,is,和,has,。,19,第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks,动词的过去式,构成,例词读音,在动词后加,ed,在以,e,结尾的动词后加,ed,在以辅音字母加,y,结尾的动词后，先变,y,为,i,再加,ed,在重读闭音节或,r,音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加,ed,在清辅音后读,t,looked,washed,passed,hoped,liked,stopped,dropped,在元音和浊辅音后读,d,stayed,called,lived,studied,tried,carried,planned,preferred,在辅音,t,、,d,后读,id,tasted,needed,admitted,permitted,20,动词的过去式 构成在动词后加ed在以e结尾的动词,现在分词,情况,变化规则,例词,一般情况,+ing,doing, asking, helping,以不发音的,e,结尾的动词,去,e,加,ing,having, taking, writing, living,以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母，再加,ing,running, swimming, putting, sitting,21,现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing, ask,原形,第三人称单数现在式,过去式,现在分词,have,give,get,read,sweep,play,carry,has,had,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,22,原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have give,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。,小学阶段所学的时态有：,一般现在时：,work/works,2.,现在进行时：,am/is/are working,3.,一般过去时：,worked,4.,一般将来时：,am/is/are going to work,23,五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示,一般现在时,通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。,常与时间副词连用：,always, often, usually, every, on Sundays, twice a week,等。,基本结构,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,I work.,We work.,I don,t work.,We don,t work.,Do I work?,Do we work?,You work.,You don,t work.,Do you work?,They work.,They don,t work.,Do they work?,She,He works.,It,She,He doesn,t work.,It,she,Does he work?,it,24,一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。基本,现在进行时,通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。,常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：,now, these days, look, listen,等。,基本结构,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,I am working.,We are working.,I,m not working.,We,re not working.,Am I working?,Are we working?,You are working.,You aren,t working.,Are you working?,They are working.,They aren,t working.,Are they working?,She,He is working.,It,She,He isn,t working.,It,she,Is he working?,it,25,现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所,一般过去时,通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或,存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。,常与表示过去的时间状语连用：,yesterday, last,ago, just now, in 1998,等。,基本结构,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,I worked.,We worked.,I didn,t work.,We didn,t work.,Did I work?,Did we work?,You worked.,You didn,t work.,Did you work?,They worked.,They didn,t work.,Did they work?,She,He worked.,It,She,He didn,t work.,It,she,Did he work?,it,26,一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或基本结构肯定句否,一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或情况。,常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：,tomorrow, next,Be going to do,表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示,“,预见,”,，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。,基本结构,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,I,m going to work.,We,re going to work.,I,m not going to work.,We aren,t going to work.,Am I going to work?,Are we going to work?,You,re going to work.,You aren,t going to work.,Are you going to work?,They,re going to work.,They aren,t going to work.,Are they going to work?,She,He is going to work.,It,She,He isn,t going to work.,It,she,Is he going to work?,it,27,一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。基本结构肯定句否定句一般,Peter _ (play) basketball twice a week.,2. Do you believe what he _ (say) just now?,3. Look! The lazy cat _ (sleep) in the sofa.,4. There _(be) a book and two pens on the desk.,5.,_you _(see ) a film tomorrow morning?,6. She _(not play) the guitar at the moment.,7. What _his father usually _(do) in the evening ?,8. They _ ( have ) a meeting next week, arent they?,9. Both he and I _ (be) teachers.,10. I _ (not feel ) very well yesterday .,11. He put on his coat and _ (go) out.,12. Lei Feng often _ (help) others and he was helpful.,Next Sunday, we _ (clean) up the park.,14. Hurry! Your mother _ (wait) for you at the school gate.,Practise,plays,said,is sleeping,is,Are,going to see,isn,t playing,does,do,are going to have,are,didn,t feel,went,helps,are going to clean,is waiting,28,Peter _ (play) basketba,六、介词,介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句,子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）,前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。,方位介词,in, on, at, under, to, behind,beside, near, before,in front of, next to, between,时间介词,in, on, at, after, before,from,to, past, between,其它,of, by, with, into, out of, for,29,六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能,Practise,1. Look _ the picture. Its picture_ my school. 2. There is a school building _ my school. It has five floors._ the school building, there is a big playground. _school, the children always play ball games there. 3. My classroom is_ the fifth floor. Its big and clean. 4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes _ school early every morning. She comes _bicycle. Then she does morning exercises _us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card _ her. We love her very much.,5. There are some apples _ the tree.,6.,Where,s your study?,It,s next _ my bedroom.,7. The car _ the tree is Jack,s.,8. The ball is_ the door, so you can,t see it.,9. _ _ _the house, there are many trees.,10. Listen! Someone is knocking _the door.,11. There is something wrong _ my computer.,at,of,in,Near,After,on,to,by,with,for,on,to,under,behind,In front of,at,with,30,Practise1. Look _ the pict,七、数词,表示数目的词称为基数词,表示数目顺序的词称为序数词,1,12,的基数词,：,one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,13,19,的基数词：,thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen,20,90,的基数词：,twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety,21,29,的基数：,twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five,twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine,thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven,.,-teen,-ty,十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号,“,-,”,31,七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词112的基数词：-teen-,2.,百位数,：,one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, four hundred,five hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one,3.,千位数,：,one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five,百位数和十位数之间加,and,。,注意,英语中没有,“,万,”,这个单位，所以常用,thousand,来表示。,ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two,32,2. 百位数：百位数和十位数之间加and。 注意 英语中没有,英语序数词第,1-19,除了,first, second,与,third,有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀,-th,构成。,注意：,fifth, eighth, ninth,和,twelfth,的拼法。,2.,十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾,ty,中的,y,变为,i,，然后加后缀,-eth,如：,twenty,twentieth, forty,fortieth,3.,十位数的序数词如果含有,1-9,的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用,“,-,”,连字符。如：,twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth,4.,百、千、万等的序数词由,hundred, thousand, million,等加,-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：,one hundredth, one thousandth,注意：序数词前的,one,不能用,a,代替。,one hundred and twenty-first,33,英语序数词第1-19除了first, second与thir,Practise,1. There are _ days in a year.,A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five,2._people visit this museum every day.,A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of,3.There are two_ people in the meeting room.,A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of,4._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.,A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of,5. My brother is in_.,A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one,6. We are going to learn_ this term.,A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six,7. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_.,A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five,C,D,A,A,B,D,C,34,Practise1. There are _ days,8. The year 1999 should be read The year_.,A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine,9. He will come here _ tomorrow morning.,A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth,10. Every day he begins to do his homework _.,A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten,11. We all like the_ boy.,A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten,12. There are_ months in a year. December is the _ month of the year.,A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth,13. During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.,A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty,14. Jenny was born_.,A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10,B,B,A,B,B,B,A,35,8. The year 1999 should be r,八、形容词和副词,形容词,是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。,副词,是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。,He is a,good,student.,2. The film is very,interesting,.,3. There is something,wrong,with the bike.,4. Lucy is,older,than Helen.,The problem is,very,difficult.,2. He wrote the letters,carefully,.,方式副词：,carefully, quickly, suddenly,2.,地点副词：,here, there, up, down,3.,时间副词：,yesterday, today, now,4.,程度副词：,very, quite, much, just,36,八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,情况,比较级,最高级,一般情况,+er,如：,tall,er, long,er, fast,er, soon,er,+est,如：,tall,est, long,est, fast,est, soon,est,以,e,结尾的词,+r,如：,late,r, nice,r, large,r,+st,如：,late,st, nice,st, large,st,以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母，再,+er,如,: big,ger, fat,ter,双写最后一个字母，再,+est,，如：,big,gest, fat,test,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的词,把,y,改为,i,再,+er,如：,bus,ier, earl,ier,把,y,改为,i,再,+est,如：,bus,iest, earl,iest,大部分多音节词,在前面加,more,如：,more,careful,more,wonderfully,在前面加,most,如：,most,careful,most,wonderfully,不规则的词：,good/well, many/much,far,better,more,farther/further,best,most,farthest/further,37,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er,比较级的用法,1.,用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示,“,比,更,一些,”,的意思，通常用一个由从属连词,than,引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：,Helen is,taller than,Lucy.,He got,more,information,than,I did.,He runs,faster than,I.,2.,如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用,“,as+,形容词,/,副词,+as,”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用,not as,as, not so,as,也可以用,less,than,，如：,Jimmy is,as tall as,his father.,I don,t write,as/so well as,Helen.,This film is,less interesting than,that one.,38,比较级的用法1. 用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比,比较级的用法,3.,为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用,“,双重比较,”,的方法，这种结构后面不可跟,than,引导的比较状语从句。如：,He is crying,harder and harder,.,Our country gets,more and more beautiful,.,Computers are getting,smaller and smaller, and computing,faster and faster.,4.,表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和,the,一起用，表示,“,越,，就越,”,的意思。如：,The higher,the mountain is,the thinner,the air is.,The earlier,you start,the sooner,you will be back.,39,比较级的用法3. 为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比,Practise,1. Shanghai is _than Beijing. It is _ city in our country. (large),2. Bill isn,t as _ as Mike. Tom is _ than Mike. Who is _ of the three boys? (old),3. Mary draws as _ as Bill, and she is much _ than him at singing. (well, good),4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting _ and _.(warm),5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. John,s computer is much _ than Tom,s and mine. It is _ of the three. (expensive),6. It is a little _ today than yesterday. (wet),7. Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago. (healthy),8. Which do you like _, basketball, volleyball, or football? (well),larger,the largest,old,older,the oldest,well,better,warmer,warmer,more expensive,the most expensive,wetter,healthier,best,40,Practise1. Shanghai is _,Beijingers are true _ to the world. (friend),2. Look! How _ Kitty is laughing! (happy),3. I think July is _ than any other month in our country. (hot),4. She always listens to the teacher _ in class. (care),5. The park is one of the _ parks in Beijing. (beautiful),6. She speaks English, but not as _ as his brother. (good),7. I was _ by the _ sound. (frightened, frightening),8. The music sounds _. (beautiful, beautifully),9. Don,t make so much noise, or you will wake up the _ boy. (sleeping, asleep),10. Yesterday,s concert was wonderful. I,ve never heard such an _ one before. (excited, exciting),Practise,friendly,happily,hotter,carefully,most beautiful,well,frightened,frightening,beautiful,sleeping,exciting,41,Beijingers are true _,There be,的结构,肯定句：,There is/was a,There are/were,一般疑问句,:Is/Was there,?,Yes, there is/was. No, there isn,t/was.,Are there,?,Yes, there are/were.,No, there aren,t/weren,t.,否定句：,There isn,t/wasn,t,.,There aren,t/weren,t,.,There be,表示,“,存在有,”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在,(,或不存在,),常用这种结构。其中,there,是引导词,本身无词义,;be,为谓语动词,后面跟的是名词,也就是主语,也就是说,there be,结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在,there be,之后。,42,There be 的结构肯定句： There is/wa,There be,的结构,Some,和,any,一般情况下，,some,用于肯定句中，,any,用于否定句中。如：,There is some milk in the bottle.,There aren,t any pictures on the wall.,Is there anything new i