高中语法情态动词的用法课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词,情态动词,情态动词表示说话人的某种,感情或语气，对某一动作,或状态的某种态度。,表示“需要、可以、,必须、应当”等。,什么是情态动词？,(modal verbs),情态动词表示说话人的某种什么是情态动词？(modal ver,Note 2,Note 1,functions of Modal verbs,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make,requests,make,suggestions,make,offers,give,advice,能力,职责,确定,许可,提出,要求,给出,建议,提供,帮助,提出,忠告,Note 2Note 1 functions of Moda,Words like,can,will,may,must,and a,few others are called,modals,.Modal,verbs help other verbs express a meaning,or an idea.Some common uses of the,modals are these:,Ability:,He,can,speak English now.,He,couldnt,speak English a,year ago.,I,m not able to,come to the game,on Friday.,Words like can,will,may,mus,Obligation:,You,must,fasten your seat belts.,(strong),You,should,pay attention.,(weak),You,ought to,pay attention.,Certainty:,It,may,rain.,How,could,I forget an important,thing like that?,He,cant/couldnt,have known,the result.,Permission:,All passengers,may,now board.,We,can,board now.,Obligation:You must fasten yo,Make requests:,Can,you help me with my training?,Make suggestions:,Shall,we do some exercise this morning?,Make offers:,I,ll,wash your sports jacket.,Shall,I get a ticket for you?,Give advice:,You,should not,/,ought not,to,eat a lot before swimming.,Make requests:,表示能力,:,can,could,be able to,be able to,能用于各种时态。,can/could,只能表示现在或过去的能力。,was/were able to,设法做成某事,相当于,managed to do sth.,succeeded in doing sth.,1.,表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。,Notes,表示能力:can,could,be able to1.,1)can,的主要用法是：,A.,表示体力或脑力的能力：,eg.The girl,can,dance very well.,B.,表示说话者的推测、事物的可能性,:,eg.,Can,the news be true?,C.,在口语中，,can,可以表示请求或允许：,eg.,Can,I sit here?,can/could,和,be able to,1)can的主要用法是：can/could和b,2)could,的主要用法是：,A.could,是,can,的过去式，表示与过去 有关的能力和推测,:,eg.We all knew that the young man,couldnt,be a doctor.,B.could,可以代替,can,表示请求，但语气较,can,客气、委婉,:,eg.,Could,you lend me your dictionary?,Could,I use your bike?,2)could的主要用法是：,3)be able to,的用法：,表示能力时，比,can,更正式。,B.be able to,可用于不同的时态，也可用,于另一个情态动词之后。,Im sorry I,havent been able to,play tennis,with you recently.,Wang Gang,might be able to,win the chess,game.,can,和,could,接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。,can,用在否定和疑问句中，表示不相信、怀疑等态度。,They,cant have gone,out because the light is still on.,3)be able to 的用法：can和could接动词,表示许可,:,may/might,can/could,might,could,比较委婉,一般多用于疑,问句。,can,may,表达的语言比较随便。,在以,could,might,表示征询对方意见,或表示请求时，回答应相应使用,can,may,。,表示许可:may/might,can/co,may,常用来：,A.,表示请求、允许：,(,比,can,较为正式,),eg.,May,I come in?,You,may,go now.,B.,表示说话人的猜测,:“,也许”“可能”,:,通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,may,和,might,eg.I believe the man is from England.,But I,may,be wrong.,The guest,may,arrive this afternoon.,may常用来：may和might eg.I beli,在肯定句中，,may,的可能性比,can,高，,may,表示现实的可能性，,can,表示理论上的可能性。如：,The road,may,be blocked.,这条路可能不通了。,The road,can,be blocked.,这条路可能会是不通的。,在疑问句中，表示可能性用,can,。,如：,Where can he be?,他会在哪呢？,在肯定句中，may的可能性比can高，may表示现实的可能性,C.,表示祝愿；但语气较正式,:,eg.,May,you succeed!,May,you have a good journey!,might,的用法有,:,A.,多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。,eg.She said that he,might,take her bike.,她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。,注意：,除了在间接引语外,might,一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用,could,表示过去的许可可以用,was(were)allowed to,或者,had permission to,。,C.表示祝愿；但语气较正式:,He,might,go home tomorrow.,说不定他明天会回家。,C.,表示现在的许可，语气比,may,较委婉，,一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句），,不可用于肯定句或者否定句。,如,:,Might,I have a word with you?,我可以和你说句话吗？,B.,表示现在的可能,其可能性要比,may,小。,He might go home tomorrow.,2.,情态动词,shall,will,的多种意义,:,shall/will+,动词原形,:,shall,可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见。,will,可表示意愿、常出现的动作,，,在疑问,句中表示请求和建议,。,均可表示将来。过去时为,should,would,。,2.情态动词shall,will 的多种意义:s,shall,和,will,1)shall,偏重于表示“承诺”；,will,更多的表示,“决心，决定”。,I,shall,go to London to meet you next month.,Mum,will,make a cake for me on my,birthday.,2),疑问句中，,shall,用于一三人称表示“提建议”，,will,用于二三人称表示“意愿”。,Shall I,bring you some tea?,Will you,go to see the film with us?,Will he,give me his telephone number?,shall和will1)shall偏重于表示“承诺”；wi,shall,和,should,1)shall,用于构成将来时是助动词。,shall,用于征求对方的意见，表示“决心”,是情态动词。,Perhaps I,shall,pay a visit to England this,winter.,(,助动词,),Shall,we go by train,Mom?,（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）,I,shall,go at once.,（表“决心”，情态动词）,shall和should1)shall用于构成将来时是助动,2)should,表示义务、建议、劝告，意为,“应该”。“,should+have+,过去分词”,表示本应该在过去做但没有做。,eg:You,should,keep your promise.,你应该遵守诺言。,She,should,have passed the exam.,她应该通过考试的。,2)should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为,will,和,would,1)will,是助动词还是情态动词？,will,用于构成将来时是助动词。,用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动,词。,would,亦同理。,I,will,tell you something important.,我要告诉你一件重要的事情。,(,助动词,),Will,you tell her that Im here?,请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？,(,情态动词,),will和would 1)will是助动词还是情态动词,2),在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。,If you want help,let me know,will,you?,如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗,?,3)would,比,will,客气委婉。,Would,you help us,please?,请您帮助我们，好吗？,Id,go there with you.,我要和你一块到那儿去。,Your teacher,wouldnt,allow it.,老师不会允许这件事。,（表请求）,（表意愿）,（表许可）,2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。3)w,3.,表示否定的情态动词的用法,:,mustnt,不准,;,禁止,neednt,没必要,(=dont have to),cant,不能,;,不可能,may not,不可以,;,可能不,shouldnt,不应该,(=ought not to),部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,3.表示否定的情态动词的用法:mustnt 不准,注意,:must not,的意思是不许可，不应该或者禁止。,neednt,意思是不需要。,如：,We,mustnt,waste our time.-May I take this magazine out?-No,you,mustnt,.,You,neednt,practice basketball five times,a week.,must,用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应该用,yes,please,或者,Im afraid so,其否定回答应该用,neednt,或者,dont have to,。,注意:must not 的意思是不许可，不应该或者,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：,He,is,at home.,(,事实,),He,must be,at home.,（非常肯定的推断）,He,ought to be,at home.,（很可能）,He,could be,at home.,（很可能）,He,may be,at home.,（仅仅可能而已）,He,might be,at home.,（或许,非常不确定）,He,couldnt be,at home.,（很可能不在家）,He,cant be,at home.,（一定不在家）,He,isnt,at home.,（事实）,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：,情态动词的语法特征,1.,情态动词不能单独做谓语，除,ought,和,have,外，后面只能接不带,to,的不定式。,2.,情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有,些情态动词，如,can,will,也有一般式,和过去式的变化。,情态动词的语法特征1.情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought,只作情态动词的,can/could,may/might,ought to,must,可情态可实义的,need,dare/dared,可情态可助动词的,shall/should,will/would,相当于情态动词的,have to,used to,3.,情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别,的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的,现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示,现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,只作情态动词的 3.情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别,Review,情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。,掌握下列情态动词的用法：,may/might,can/could,will/would,shall/should,must/cant,Review情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“,高中语法情态动词的用法课件,_ I have a word with you?It wont take long.(2014,北京,),A.Can B.Must,C.Shall D.Should,2.Although you _ find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014,大纲,),A.should B.need,C.must D.can,I.Choose the best answer.,_ I have a word with you?I,3.-Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.,-Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?(2014,湖南,),A.cant B.mustnt,C.shant D.neednt,3.-Ive prepared all kinds o,4.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,bring me food.,(2014,江苏,),A.might B.would,C.should D.could,4.It was sad to me that they,5.Hows your tour around the North,Lake?Is it beautiful?,It _ be,but it is now heavily,polluted.(2017,全国,I),A.will B.would,C.should D.must,6.She looks very happy.She _ have,passed the exam.,I guess so.Its not difficult after all.,(2017,江苏,),A.should B.could,C.must D.might,5.Hows your tour around th,7.According to the air traffic rules,you,_ switch off your mobile phone,before boarding.(2014,上海,),A.may B.can,C.would D.should,8.Thank you for all your hard work last,week.I dont think we _ it,without you.(2012,山东,),A.can manage B.could have managed,C.could manage D.can have managed,7.According to the air traffi,9.Its the office!So you _ know,eating is not allowed here.,Oh,sorry.(2014,湖南,),A.must B.will,C.may D.need,10.The traffic is heavy this day.I _,arrive a bit late,so could you save,me a place?(2015,辽宁,),A.can B.must,C.need D.might,9.Its the office!So you,11.Just be patient.You _ expect the,world to change so soon.(2013,全国,I),A.cant B.neednt,C.may not D.will not,12.I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next,month.,Dont worry.You _ have it by,Friday.(2014,江苏,),A.could B.shall,C.must D.may,11.Just be patient.You _,13.“You _ have a wrong number,”she,said.“Theres no one of that name here.”,(2013,浙江,),A.need B.can,C.must D.would,14.Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish,the assignment yesterday.,Oh,you _ have done it as,yesterday was the deadline.(2014,上海,),A.must B.mustnt,C.should D.shouldnt,13.“You _ have a wrong num,15.If you _ smoke,please go outside.,(2013,全国,II)A.can B.should C.must D.may,16.Shall I inform him of the change of,the schedule right now?I am afraid you _,in case he,comes late for the meeting.(2013,福建,)A.will B.must C.may D.can,15.If you _ smoke,pleas,17.The police still havent found the lost,child,but theyre doing all they _.,(2015,四川,)A.can B.may C.must D.should,18.No one _ be compared with Yao,Ming in playing basketball.(2014,湖南,)A.can B.need C.must D.might,17.The police still havent f,19.Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you,go to bed as soon as possible.(2013,陕西,),A.might B.must,C.could D.shall,20.Im going to Europe on vacation,together with John if I _ find,the money.(2014,全国,II),A.can B.might C.would D.need,19.Will you read me a story,II.,阅读下面的对话，按照句子结构的语,法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处,使用合适的情态动词填空。,The play _ begin at any moment,I said.,It _ have begun already,Susan,answered.,(I hurried to the ticket office.),_ I have two tickets please?I asked.,Im sorry,weve sold out,the girl said.,What a pity!Susan exclaimed(,大叫,).,may,may,May,II.阅读下面的对话，按照句子结构的语The play,(Just then,a man hurried to the ticket office.),_ I return these two tickets?he asked.,Certainly,the girl said.,(I went back to the ticket office at once.),_ I have those two tickets please?I asked.,Certainly,the girl said,but theyre for next Wednesdays performance.Do you still want them?,I _ as well have them,I said sadly.,Can,Could,might,(Just then,a man hurried to t,