从语言的系统性看大学英语教学课件

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,从语言的系统性看大学英语教学,南京大学 王海啸,2013,西安,从语言的系统性看大学英语教学南京大学 王海啸2013,目 录,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言技能的内涵,外语能力发展研究,对外语教学与测试的启示,目 录从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言技能的内涵,外语能力发展研究,对外语教学与测试的启示,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言维度,语音、语调、词法、句法,技能维度,听、说、读、写,基于知识与技能的语言能力界定,Carroll,关于“语言能力”,语言维度基于知识与技能的语言能力界定Carroll关于“语言,组织能力（,Organizational competence,）：,语法能力（,Grammatical competence,）,语篇能力（,Textual competence,）,语用能力（,Pragmatic competence,）,施为能力（,llocutionary competence,）,社会语言能力（,Sociolinguistic competence,）,语言交际能力的界定,Bachman(1990),的“语言交际能力”中的“语言能力”,组织能力（Organizational competence,Bachman,的“语言交际能力”,知识结构,关于世界的知识,语言能力,关于语言的知识,策略能力,心理生理运动机制,语境,语言交际能力的界定,Bachman的“语言交际能力”知识结构语言能力策略能力,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言技能的内涵,外语能力发展研究,对外语教学与测试的启示,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,输入,输出,接受性技能,产出性技能,输入输出接受性技能产出性技能,听的能力,Phonetic,and,phonological,perception,Vocabulary,and,Morphological,perception,Syntactic,perception,Discourse,and,style/register,perception,作为接受性技能,听的能力Phonetic and phonological,说的能力,Phonetic,and,phonological,production,Vocabulary,and,Morphological,production,Syntactic,production,Discourse,and,style/register,production,作为产出性技能,说的能力Phonetic and phonological,读的能力,Graphemic,perception,Vocabulary,and,Morphological,perception,Syntactic,perception,Discourse,and,style/register,perception,作为接受性技能,读的能力Graphemic perception作为接受性技,写的能力,Graphemic,production,Vocabulary,and,Morphological,production,Syntactic,production,Discourse,and,style/register,production,作为产出性技能,写的能力Graphemic production作为产出性技,写的能力,Traditional,conceptions,of,writing,expertise,are,based,on,the,view,that,good,writing,is,good,writing,regardless,of,audience,purpose,or,context.,This,reflects,the,notion,of,autonomous,texts,that,suggests,a,text,can,mean,the,same,thing,to,all,people,because,all,the,assumptions,needed,to,understand,it,are,fully,explicit,and,recoverable,from,its,pages.,Writing,expertise,here,is,the,ability,to,adhere,to,style-guide,prescriptions,concerning,grammar,arrangement,and,punctuation.,Hyland,2005:59,作为产出性技能,写的能力Traditional conceptions of,输入,输出,接受性技能,产出性技能,从交际能力的角度看：,输入输出接受性技能产出性技能从交际能力的角度看：,听的能力,In any intentional or,goal-directed communication,the participants success or failure depends upon a number of factors:,the understanding each has of the situation,the clarity of their goals,their perception of and sensitivity to one anothers needs,the strategic choices they make,their ability to put their choices into action,their ability to,monitor their progress toward the goals,their ability to provide feedback about their perceived progress,Rost,2005:55-56,从交际能力的角度看,听的能力In any intentional or goal,听的能力,To improve listening at the receiving stage,To improve listening at the interpreting stage,To improve listening at the recalling stage,To improve listening at the evaluating stage,To improve listening at the responding stage,Communication,in,the,Real,World:,An,Introduction,to,Communication,Studies,从交际能力的角度看,听的能力To improve listening at th,听的能力,Form,and,content,of,input,shaped,by,output,Selection,of,input,determined,by,output,task,从交际能力的角度看,听的能力Form and content of input,说的能力,Output,relevant,to,input,Form,and,content,shaped,by,input,Output,helps,to,generate,relevant,and,comprehensible,input,Sensitivity,to,addressee,and,environment,从交际能力的角度看,说的能力Output relevant to input从交,说的能力,A,further,complicating,factor,is,that,when,the,spoken,language,is,the,focus,of,classroom,activity,there,are,often,other,aims,which,the,teacher,might,have:,for,instance,helping,the,student,to,gain,awareness,of,or,to,practice,some,aspect,of,linguistic,knowledge,or,to,develop,production,skills,or,to,raise,awareness,of,some,socio-linguistic,or,pragmatic,point,.,Hughes,2005:6,从交际能力的角度看,说的能力A further complicating fac,读的能力,Purposes,for,reading,Reading,to,search,for,simple,information,Reading,to,skim,quickly,Reading,to,learn,from,texts,Reading,to,integrate,information,Reading,to,write,(or,search,for,information,needed,for,writing),Reading,to,critique,texts,Reading,for,general,comprehension,Grabe,&,Stoller,2005:13,从交际能力的角度看,读的能力Purposes for reading从交际能力的,读的能力,Reading,comprehension,is,an,extraordinary,feat,of,balancing,and,coordinating,many,abilities,in,a,very,complex,and,rapid,set,of,routines,that,makes,comprehension,a,seemingly,effortless,and,enjoyable,activity,for,fluent,readers.,Grabe,&,Stoller,2005:29,从交际能力的角度看,读的能力Reading comprehension is a,写的能力,Writing,as,a,cognitive,process,as,is,suggested,by,Flower,and,Hayes,(1981),model,that,writers,have,goals,they,plan,extensively,all,work,can,be,reviewed,evaluated,and,revised,planning,drafting,revising,and,editing,are,recursive,interactive,and,potentially,simultaneous,plans,and,text,are,constantly,evaluated,in,a,feedback,loop,Cited,in,Hyland,2005:25,从交际能力的角度看,写的能力Writing as a cognitive pro,写的能力,Writing,as,a,situated,act,this,perspective,gives,greater,emphasis,to,the,actual,performance,of,writing,in,a,particular,context.,Writing,is,seen,as,a,social,act,that,can,only,occur,within,a,specific,situation.,It,is,therefore,influenced,both,by,the,personal,attitudes,and,social,experiences,that,the,writer,brings,to,the writing and,the,impact,of,particular,political,and,institutional,contexts,in,which,it,takes,place.,Hyland,2005:30,从交际能力的角度看,写的能力Writing as a situated act从,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言技能的内涵,外语能力发展研究,对外语教学与测试的启示,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,外语能力,发展,研究,听说读写是互动的，如：,Implicit,vs.,explicit,vocabulary,learning,Inaccuracy,in,production,related,to,inability,of,perception,Task,type,effect,Multiple,sources,of,learning,(e.g.,vocabulary,acquisition,studies),从微观上看,外语能力发展研究听说读写是互动的，如：从微观上看,外语能力,发展,研究,语言能力是通过语言使用发展的,语言技能使用的综合性,语言使用的目的性,语言使用的情感因素,从中观上看,外语能力发展研究语言能力是通过语言使用发展的从中观上看,从宏观上看：一个关于中介语的比喻,外语能力,发展,研究,从宏观上看：一个关于中介语的比喻外语能力发展研究,从宏观上看：一个关于中介语的比喻,外语能力,发展,研究,从宏观上看：一个关于中介语的比喻外语能力发展研究,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,语言技能的内涵,外语能力发展研究,对外语教学与测试的启示,从语言知识与技能到语言交际能力,应用性，创造性,整体性，综合性、过程的非线性,智力因素、情感因素,以学习者为中心，个体性,学习者、教师、学习内容的互动,Problem,Participation,Progress,语言的系统性要求英语教学的,对外语教学与测试的启示,应用性，创造性语言的系统性要求英语教学的对外语教学与测试的启,对外语教学与测试的启示,综合技能培养,教学目标,课型设置,综合课、单项技能课,教学设计,Task-based,project-based,content-based,对外语教学与测试的启示综合技能培养,对外语教学与测试的启示,语言与非语言目的的平衡,语言使用的意义性,英语教学与大学教育,对外语教学与测试的启示语言与非语言目的的平衡,对外语教学与测试的启示,From,the,MOE,of,Singapore,对外语教学与测试的启示From the MOE of Sin,对外语教学与测试的启示,动机与策略,动机的产生,有些动机是需要培养的,动机不必是相同的,动机不必是不变的,动机对过程的影响,动机对注意的影响,动机对加工的影响,策略能力是语言交际能力的一部分,对外语教学与测试的启示动机与策略,对外语教学与测试的启示,测试对教学的反拨,测试的综合性趋势,Performance,tests,对外语教学与测试的启示测试对教学的反拨,结 语,语言学习中的输入与输出就好比是太极图中的白与黑，它们你中有我，我中有你。组合在一起，才能形成一个充满活力的生命体。”,结 语语言学习中的输入与输出就好比是太极图中的白与黑，它们,Thank You!,Thank You!,